minerals eq: how are minerals a part of rocks?. of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are...
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Minerals
EQ:How are minerals a part of
rocks?
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Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are
common.The most common are quartz,
feldspar, mica, and calcite.
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What is a Mineral?
DEF: A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure & a definite chemical composition.
Example: Quartz
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Naturally-occurring
Never man-made
Ex: Like rocks
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Inorganic: Means the mineral cannot
come from things that were once living
Non Example: Coal – it is organic because it comes from plants that lived millions of years ago.
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Solid
Definite shape, definite volume
A 3-D geometric figure
Not a liquid or a gas!
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Crystal: The repeating pattern of particles, line up when they form
Like a snowflake pattern or rock candy
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6 Different Crystal Systems:
Cubic Ex: Magnetite
Hexagonal Ex: Quartz
Tetragonal Ex: Rutile
Orthorhombic Ex: Sulfur
Monoclinic Ex: Azurite
Triclinic Ex: Microcline Feldspar
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Definite Chemical Composition Certain elements form
together in specific ways
Like Hydrogen & Oxygen (H2O) and Carbon & Oxygen (CO2) form together to make these compounds
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Physical Properties Identify Minerals
Physical Properties include several “tests” you can perform on minerals to determine what type of mineral they might be.
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1. Streak Test The color of the mineral’s
powder that’s left behind when it is rubbed across a rough surface
Example: Pyrite looks like gold but, it’s streak looks greenish-black (aka “fool’s gold”)
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2. Luster
Describes how light is reflected from the mineral’s surface. What does it look like?
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Types of Luster Metallic Ex: Galena
Glassy Ex: Topaz
Waxy, Greasy, Pearly Ex: Talc
Dull Ex: Graphite
Silky Ex: Malachite
Earthy Ex: Hematite
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3. Density
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4. Cleavage
One way minerals break
Easily split along flat surfaces
Ex: Mica & Feldspar
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5. Fracture One way minerals break Break unevenly in irregular
ways
Chipped Shell-like Ex: Quartz Jagged points Ex: Copper
& Iron Crumbles Ex: Clay
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6. Mohs Hardness Scale A scale that ranks 10 minerals from softest
to hardest. You can compare unknown minerals to the minerals on this scale Hardness can be tested by a Scratch Test A mineral can scratch any other softer
mineral It can also BE scratched by any harder
mineral
Softest Mineral – TalcHardest Mineral - Diamond
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Color is the most easily observed mineral property and the least
useful! Some exceptions to the color rule would be cinnabar, which is always red, and malachite, which is green.
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Many minerals have a similar color.
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For example, pure quartz is colorless or white,
impurities can make the mineral rose, purple or pink!
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Malleable
Magnetic
Radioactive
Flourescence
Taste
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Minerals that can be hammered thin or shaped are said to show
these properties.Can you think of a mineral that might be shaped or hammered?
GOLD
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Some minerals that contain
Iron, are magnetic and can be picked
up by a magnet.
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This is the state of glowing while
under a ultraviolet light.
Some minerals even glow once
the light is turned off!
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Some minerals, such as this
uraninite, are radioactive.
They give off subatomic
particles that will activate a Geiger
counter.
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Halite (rock salt) can be
identified by its taste.
This practice is not
recommended!
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Discuss the following!
How many of the characteristics of minerals
can you name?
Why isn’t color a very good property to identify most
minerals?
Luster, color, streak, malleable, cleavage/fracture, taste, fluoresence, magnetic, hardness, and density
Some minerals have similar colors
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Discuss the following!
There are four common minerals, how many can you
name?
Of the four common minerals, which one makes up over 60%
of the Earth’s crust?
quartz,feldspar,mica, and calcite
feldspar
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Discuss the following!
Does this mineral show cleavage or fracture?
Of the four most common minerals, which is the
highest hardness?
Cleveage
quartz
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How Earth’s surface forms
Minerals make rocks EX: Granite may be made of many different
minerals (feldspar, mica, hornblende, quartz) Rocks are classified by how they are
formed EX: Igneous rocks form from magma/lava
cooling d. Different processes change rock & the
surface of the Earth EX: Weathering & Erosion break down rocks
& move them to new places