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MINERALS MEGA PACKET

A) basalt B) limestoneC) schist D) slate

1. Which rock would be the best source of the mineralgarnet?

A) limestone B) dolostone C) rock gypsum D) rock salt

2. Which rock is composed of the mineral halite that formed when seawater evaporated?

A) nitrogen B) oxygenC) potassium D) silicon

3. Which element, found in both biotite mica andmuscovite mica, makes up the greatest percent byvolume of Earth's crust?

A) sulfuric acid B) pencil leadC) plaster of paris D) window glass

4. Which material is made mostly of the mineral quartz?

A) pyroxene B) quartzC) biotite D) potassium feldspar

5. Which mineral can be found in all samples of rhyoliteand andesite?

A) graphite, talc, and selenite gypsumB) potassium feldspar, quartz, and amphiboleC) calcite, dolomite, and pyroxeneD) biotite mica, fluorite, and garnet

6. Silicate minerals contain the elements silicon andoxygen. Which list contains only silicate materials?

A) talc B) calciteC) muscovite mica D) selenite gypsum

7. Which mineral is the major component of drywall?


8. Base your answer to the following question on on the photographs and news article below.

Old Man's Loss Felt in New Hampshire

FRANCONIA, N.H. — Crowds of visitors were drawn to Franconia Notch on Sunday to mournthe loss of New Hampshire's well-known symbol — the Old Man of the Mountain granite profile. The 700-ton natural formation was just a pile of rocks after breaking loose from its1,200-foot-high mountainside perch. It was unclear when the outcropping fell because clouds hadobscured the area Thursday and Friday; a state park trail crew discovered the collapse Saturdaymorning. The famous mountain's history dates millions of years. Over time, nature carved out a40-foot-tall profile resembling an old man's face, and it eventually became New Hampshire's mostrecognizable symbol.

The Buffalo News, May 5, 2003

A) NaCl B) SiO2 C) FeS2 D) PbS

The rock of the Old Man of the Mountain most likely includes a mineral with a composition of


9. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The arrows show the direction inwhich sediment is being transported along the shoreline. A barrier beach has formed, creating a lagoon(a shallow body of water in which sediments are being deposited). The eroded headlands are composedof diorite bedrock. A groin has recently been constructed. Groins are wall-like structures built into thewater perpendicular to the shoreline to trap beach sand.

"

A) quartz and olivine B) plagioclase feldspar and amphiboleC) potassium feldspar and biotite D) pyroxene and calcite

Which two minerals are most likely found in the beach sand that was eroded from the headlands?

A) garnet B) magnetite C) quartz D) olivine

10. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals.

The minerals listed in the table are varieties of which mineral?

A) heating of previously existing foliated bedrockB) cooling and solidification of lavaC) compaction and cementation of shells and

skeletal remainsD) chemical precipitation of minerals from

seawater

11. Most rock gypsum is formed by the

A) sandstone B) gabbroC) granite D) phyllite

12. The three statements below are observations of thesame rock sample:• The rock has intergrown crystals from 2 to 3millimeters in diameter.• The minerals in the rock are gray feldspar, greenolivine, green pyroxene, and black amphibole.• There are no visible gas pockets in the rock.

This rock sample is most likely


A) marble and rhyoliteB) limestone and basaltC) quartzite and rock saltD) granite and phyllite

13. Which two rocks have the most similar mineralcomposition?

14. Base your answer to the following question on the map and cross section below. The shaded areas onthe map represent regions of the United States that have evaporite rock layers (layers of rock formedfrom the evaporation of seawater) under the surface bedrock. The cross section shows the generalizedstructure of the area in which the evaporite layers are found in New York State.

A) garnet and pyroxene B) mica and feldsparC) hornblende and olivine D) halite and gypsum

These evaporite deposits could be composed of which minerals?


A) Most rocks are monomineralic.B) All rocks are polymineralic.C) Many rocks have a number of minerals in

common.D) Only igneous rocks contain quartz.

15. The table below indicates the presence of variousminerals in different rock samples.

Which statement is an accurate conclusion based onthe information provided in the table?

16. Base your answer to the following question on therock sample shown below.

A) 1.2 cm B) 0.2 cmC) 6.4 cm D) 13.2 cm

The average size of the pebbles in the sample isapproximately

A) are monomineralicB) are composed only of recrystallized mineralsC) have a number of minerals in commonD) have a 10% nonmineral composition

17. Although more than 2,000 minerals have beenidentified, 90% of Earth's lithosphere is composed ofthe 12 minerals listed below.

The best explanation for this fact is that most rocks

A) quartz B) pyroxeneC) olivine D) biotite mica

18. Which mineral can be found in granite, andesite,gneiss, and hornfels?

A) granite, rhyolite, sandstone, hornfelsB) shale, scoria, gneiss, metaconglomerateC) conglomerate, gabbro, rock salt, schistD) breccia, fossel limestone, bituminous coal,

siltstone

19. In which group do the rocks usually have the mineralquartz as part of their composition?

A) rock gypsumB) chemical limestoneC) quartziteD) gneiss

20. Which rock is usually composed of several differentminerals?

A) intergrown crystalsB) fossilsC) mineralsD) sediments

21. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks areusually composed of


A) Rocks are located only in continental areas ofthe Earth.

B) Rocks seldom undergo change.C) Most rocks contain fossils.D) Most rocks have several minerals in

common.

22. Which is an accurate statement about rocks?

A) They are formed from molten material.B) They are produced by heat and pressure.C) They are composed of minerals.D) They exhibit crystals, banding, and distinct

layers.

23. What do most igneous, sedimentary, andmetamorphic rocks have in common?

A) feldspar, quartz, and olivineB) granite, rhyolite, and basaltC) cobbles, pebbles, and siltD) conglomerate, sandstone, and shale

24. In which group are all the earth materials classifiedas minerals?

A) minerals weather before they can be identifiedB) minerals have properties that are difficult to

identifyC) rocks have a number of minerals in commonD) exposed surface rocks are igneous

25. Of the Earth's more than 2,000 identified minerals,only a small number are commonly found in rocks.This fact indicates that most

A) Most rocks have a number of minerals incommon.

B) Most rocks are composed of a single mineral.C) All rocks contain fossils.D) All rocks contain minerals formed by

compression and cementation.

26. Which statement best describes a general property ofrocks?

A) hematite B) fluoriteC) galena D) talc

27. Which mineral is mined for its iron content?

A) basalt B) graniteC) iron D) copper

28. Equal masses of basalt, granite, iron and copperreceived the same amount of solar energy during theday. At night, which of these materials cooled downat the fastest rate?


Base your answers to questions 29 through 31 on the mineral chart below and on your knowledge ofEarth science. The mineral chart lists some properties of five minerals that are the major sources ofthe same metallic element that is used by many industries.

A) brucite B) canallite C) magnesite D) olivine

29. Which mineral has a different common color from its color in powdered form?

A) brucite B) magnesite C) carnallite D) olivine

30. Which mineral might scratch the mineral fluorite, but would not scratch the mineral amphibole?

A) brucite and carnallite B) carnallite and dolomiteC) dolomite and magnesite D) magnesite and olivine

31. Which two minerals have compositions that are most similar to calcite?

A) pyrite B) pyroxene C) olivine D) garnet

32. The data table below gives characteristics of the gemstone peridot.

Peridot is a form of the mineral


A) Most minerals crystallize at the same temperature.B) Most felsic minerals usually crystallize before most mafic minerals.C) Muscovite mica and quartz are the last minerals to crystallize as magma cools.D) Biotite mica is the first mineral to crystallize as magma cools.

33. The diagram of Bowen's Reaction Series below indicates the relative temperatures at which specificminerals crystallize as magma cools.

Which statement is best supported by Bowen's Reaction Series?

A) rhyolite B) dioriteC) basalt D) gabbro

34. The photograph below shows an outcrop where alight-colored, igneous rock is cross cut by adark-colored, igneous rock.

This fine-grained, dark-colored, igneous rock ismost likely

A) yellow to amber colorB) bubbling in hydrochloric acidC) cleaves at 56° and 124°D) hardness of 5 to 6

35. Which characteristic do samples of the mineralpyroxene normally exhibit?


A) 6 g/mL B) 24 g/mL C) 34 g/mL D) 60 g/mL

36. The diagram below represents the mass and volume of a mineral sample being measured. Thesemeasurements were used to determine the density of the mineral sample.

What is the density of this mineral sample?

Base your answers to questions 37 and 38 on the data table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The table provides information aboutfour minerals, A through D.

A) talc B) selenite gypsumC) fluorite D) quartz

37. Which mineral can scratch A, B, and C, but can not scratch D?


A) garnet B) galena C) olivine D) halite

38. The diagram below represents a sample of mineral A.

Mineral A is most likely

A) muscovite mica B) fluoriteC) olivine D) graphite

39. The graph below shows the hardness of fourminerals.

Which mineral is hard enough to scratch calcite butis not hard enough to scratch amphibole?

A) cleavage and colorB) luster and colorC) hardness and streakD) streak and cleavage

40. Which two properties are most useful indistinguishing between galena and halite?

A) shale B) phylliteC) dunite D) schist

41. A nonvesicular rock is made entirely of green2-millimeter-diameter crystals that have a hardnessof 6.5 and show fracture, but notcleavage. The rockis most likely

A) garnetB) pyroxeneC) plagioclase feldsparD) selenite gypsum

42. Which mineral would most likely become rounded atthe fastest rate when tumbled along

A) graphite B) calciteC) olivine D) dolomite

43. Which mineral will scratch fluorite, galena, andpyroxene?

A) 1.8 g/cm3 B) 5.7 g/cm3

C) 6.1 g/cm3 D) 12.2 g/cm3

44. What is the approximate density of a mineral with amass of 262.2 grams that displaces 46 cubiccentimeters of water?


Base your answers to questions 45 and 46 on the data table below, which lists some properties of fourminerals that are used as ores of zinc (Zn).

A) zincite B) willemite C) sphalerite D) smithsonite

45. Which mineral belongs in the same mineral group as quartz and olivine?

A) all four zinc minerals in the tableB) zincite, but not sphalerite, smithsonite, or willemiteC) zincite and sphalerite, but not smithsonite or willemiteD) zincite, sphalerite, and smithsonite, but not willemite

46. A mineral with a hardness of 5 would scratch


Base your answers to questions 47 and 48 on the diagram below, which shows the results of threedifferent physical tests, A, B, and C, that were performed on a mineral.

A) using an electronic balanceB) using a graduated cylinderC) observing how light reflects from the surface of the mineralD) observing what happens when acid is placed on the mineral

47. The luster of this mineral could be determined by

A) amphibole B) quartz C) galena D) graphite

48. Which mineral was tested?

A) calcite B) talcC) halite D) fluorite

49. Which mineral is commonly used as a food additive?


A)

B)

C)

D)

50. Which diagram best shows the grain size of somecommon sedimentary rocks?


51. Base your answer to the following question on "the passage and map below. The map shows thegeneralized landscape regions of Vermont.

Landscape Regions of Vermont

Most of Vermont's landscape regions consist of ancient, weathered mountains that were covered byseveral ice sheets during the last ice age. When the ice melted, sand, cobbles, and boulders weredeposited throughout the state, Vermont is divided into six landscape regions.

(1) The Vermont Lowlands region has a mild climate, with Lake Champlain moderating itstemperature.(2) The Green Mountains run the length of Vermont and were formed over 400 million years ago.Most of the bedrock is metamorphic and the region is known for its deposits of talc and asbestos.(3) The Taconic Mountains extend into New York State. Slate and marble are commonly mined inthis region.(4) The Valley of Vermont is a narrow valley between two mountain ranges. Most of the bedrockin the region is limestone and marble.(5) The Vermont Piedmont covers the largest area of the state. This region consists of rolling hillsand valleys. Granite mining is an important industry.(6) The Northeast Highlands is a mountainous region composed of granite bedrock.


"

A) sulfur B) magnetite C) olivine D) halite

Some of the bedrock in the Green Mountains is actually green in color because of the presence of themineral chlorite. Which other mineral can cause rocks to appear green?


A) A fingernail will scratch calcite but notgypsum.

B) Calcite will be scratched by a copper penny.C) The mineral apatite will scratch topaz.D) A steel file has a hardness of about 7.5.

52. The diagram below shows the index minerals ofMohs hardness scale compared with the hardness ofsome common objects.

Which statement is best supported by the diagram?


Base your answers to questions 53 and 54 on "map below, which shows areas where certain mineralswere mined in significant amounts during 1989.

"

A) garnet B) halite C) talc D) gypsum

53. The mineral wollastonite has a hardness of 4.5 to 5. Which New York State mineral could easilyscratch wollastonite?

A) making talcum powder B) vulcanizing rubberC) polishing jewelry D) melting ice

54. What is a common use for the mineral that is mined at the southern end of the two largest FingerLakes?


A)

B)

C)

D)

55. In which set are the rock drawings labeled with their correct rock types?

A) galena B) magnetiteC) pyroxene D) graphite

56. Which mineral has a metallic luster, a black streak,and is an ore of iron?

A) colorB) lusterC) chemical compositionD) hardness

57. A student created the table below by classify sixminerals into two groups, A and B , based on asingle property.

Which property was used to classify' these minerals?

A) a lubricantB) an abrasiveC) a source of ironD) a cementing material

58. The mineral graphite is often used as


A) Dolomite can scratch window glass, but can notbe scratched by a fingernail.

B) Dolomite can scratch window glass, but can notbe scratched by a steel nail.

C) Dolomite can scratch a copper penny, butcannot be scratched by a fingernail.

D) Dolomite can scratch a copper penny, butcannot be scratched by a steel nail.

59. The table below shows the hardness of four commonmaterials.

Which statement best describes the hardness of themineral dolomite?

A) quartz B) amphibole C) pyroxene D) galena

60. The diagram below shows four mineral samples, each having approximately the same mass.

If all four samples are placed together in a closed, dry container and shaken vigorously for 10minutes, which mineral sample would experience the most abrasion?


A) sulfur and leadB) sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogenC) oxygen, silicon, hydrogen, and magnesiumD) oxygen, silicon, aluminum, and iron

61. The table below shows some observed physical properties of a mineral.

Based on these observations, the elements that make up this mineral's composition are

Base your answers to questions 62 and 63 on "the photograph below. The photograph shows several broken samples of the same colorless mineral.

"

A) quartz B) calcite C) galena D) halite

62. Which mineral is most likely shown in the photograph?

A) fracture B) hardness C) streak D) cleavage

63. Which physical property of this mineral is most easily seen in the photograph?

A) plastic pipes B) window glassC) drywall panels D) iron nails

64. Which home-building material is made mostly fromthe mineral gypsum?


A) calcite and haliteB) sulfur and fluoriteC) graphite and talcD) pyrite and magnetite

65. A human fingernail has a hardness of approximately2.5. Which two minerals are softer than a humanfingernail?

A) color, streak, and ageB) origin, exposure, and fractureC) size, location, and lusterD) hardness, cleavage, and crystal shape

66. The internal atomic structure of a mineral mostlikely determines the mineral's

A) Observe the color of the mineral.B) Place the mineral near a magnet.C) Place a drop of acid on the mineral.D) Measure the mass of the mineral.

67. What is the best way to determine if a mineralsample is calcite or quartz?

A) hardness B) streakC) cleavage D) luster

68. The photograph below shows a piece of halite thathas been recently broken.

Which physical property of halite is demonstrated bythis pattern of breakage?

A) gypsum B) fluoriteC) orthoclase D) quartz

69. Which mineral will scratch glass (hardness = 5.5),but not pyrite?


Base your answers to questions 70 and 71 on "the diagram below, which shows three minerals withthree different physical tests, A, B, and C, being performed on them.

"

A) rate of weathering of the mineralsB) identity of the mineralsC) environment where the minerals formedD) geologic period when the minerals formed

70. The results of all three physical tests shown are most useful for determining the

A) A—cleavage; B—streak; C—hardnessB) A—cleavage; B—hardness; C—streakC) A—streak; B—cleavage; C—hardnessD) A—streak; B—hardness; C—cleavage

71. Which sequence correctly matches each test, A, B, and C, with the mineral property tested?

A) galena B) pyriteC) halite D) pyroxene

72. An unidentified mineral that is softer than calciteexhibits a metallic luster and cubic cleavage. Thismineral most likely is A) limestone and marble

B) granite and dolostoneC) sandstone and quartziteD) slate and conglomerate

73. Which two rocks are primarily composed of amineral that bubbles with acid?


A) These minerals have the same chemical andphysical properties.

B) These minerals have different chemicalproperties, but they have similar physicalproperties.

C) These minerals have different physical andchemical properties, but they have identicaluses.

D) The physical and chemical properties ofthese minerals determine how humans usethem.

74. Which statement about the minerals plagioclasefeldspar, gypsum, biotite mica, and talc can best beinferred from the chart?

A) galenaB) quartzC) potassium feldsparD) muscovite mica

75. Which mineral scratches dolomite and is scratchedby olivine?

A) galena B) graphiteC) hematite D) pyrite

76. Which mineral leaves a green-black powder whenrubbed against an unglazed porcelain plate?

A) calcite B) haliteC) pyrite D) mica

77. Which mineral is white or colorless, has a hardnessof 2.5, and splits with cubic cleavage?

A)

B)

C)

D)

78. Halite has three cleavage directions at 90º to eachother. Which model best represents the shape of abroken sample of halite?

A) densityB) identityC) cleavageD) internal atomic structure

79. Scratching a mineral against a glass plate andrubbing a mineral on a streak plate are helpfulprocedures for determining a mineral’s

A) OlivineB) TalcC) HematiteD) Potassium Feldspar

80. Which mineral has a hardness of 6, and showscleavage?

A) Pyroxene B) Biotite MicaC) Gypsum D) Magnetite

81. Which mineral has a hardness of 2.5 – 3 and makes agood electrical insulator?


A) Galena B) OlivineC) Garnet D) Biotite Mica

82. Which mineral has a greater hardness?

A) CalciteB) PyroxeneC) Potassium FeldsparD) Garnet

83. Which mineral bubbles when acid is placed on it?

A) 6.5 B) 2 C) 3 D) 2.5

84. What is the hardness of Sulfur?

A) Graphite B) GarnetC) Halite D) Quartz

85. Which mineral shows no cleavage, has a hardness of7, and a composition of SiO2?

A) magnetite B) pyriteC) hematite D) olivine

86. Which mineral is an ore of iron and has acharacteristic reddish brown streak?

A) calcite B) feldsparC) quartz D) talc

87. Which common mineral fizzes when dilutehydrochloric acid (HCl) is placed on it?

A) age, density, and smoothnessB) cleavage, color, and abundanceC) hardness, cleavage, and crystal shapeD) chemical composition, size, and origin

88. Different arrangements of tetrahedra in the silicategroup of minerals result in differences in theminerals'

Base your answers to questions 89 through 92 on thedata table below.

A) finding the mass of a mineral sampleB) finding the density of a mineral sampleC) identifying a mineral sampleD) counting the number of cleavage surfaces of a

mineral sample

89. Moh's scale would be most useful for

A) 1 B) 9 C) 3 D) 4

90. The durable gemstones ruby and sapphire arevaluable due to their color and hardness. Thesegemstones would most likely be located on Moh'sscale at the hardness level of

A) An iron nail contains fluorite.B) A streak plate is composed of quartz.C) Topaz is harder than a steel file.D) Apatite is softer than a copper penny.

91. Which statement is best supported by the datashown?

A) resistance to breakingB) resistance to scratchingC) specific heatD) specific gravity

92. Moh's scale arranges minerals according to theirrelative


A) hardness B) streakC) cleavage D) density

93. The diagrams below represent fractured samples offour minerals.

Which mineral property is best illustrated by thesamples?

A) hardness B) colorC) size D) texture

94. Which property is most useful in mineralidentification?

Base your answers to questions 95 and 96 on "the diagram and table below.

"

A) hardness B) luster C) cleavage D) streak

95. The original shape of mineral sample A was altered when it was hit with a rock hammer. Whichphysical property caused the mineral to break as it did?

A) copper B) galena C) chalcopyrite D) dolomite

96. If the volume of mineral sample A is 28 cubic centimeters, sample A is most likely


A) density B) fractureC) streak D) luster

97. The diagram below shows the results of one test formineral identification.

Which mineral property is being tested?

A) identifying a mineral sampleB) finding the mass of a mineral sampleC) finding the density of a mineral sampleD) counting the number of cleavage surfaces of a

mineral sample

98. The data table below gives information on mineralhardness.

Moh's scale would be most useful for

A) rock salt B) rhyoliteC) basalt D) conglomerate

99. Which rock type is most likely to be monomineralic?

A) luster B) streakC) hardness D) cleavage

100. Which mineral property is illustrated by the peelingof muscovite mica into thin, flat sheets?

A) hardness B) textureC) color D) luster

101. One of the most abundant minerals in beach sand isquartz. Which property of quartz could account forits abundance?

A) scratching the mineral across a glass plateB) squeezing the mineral with calibrated pliersC) determining the density of the mineralD) breaking the mineral with a hammer

102. The relative hardness of a mineral can best betested by

A) color B) hardnessC) luster D) cleavage

103. Scratching a mineral against a glass plate is amethod used for determining the mineral's

A) the method by which they were formedB) the type of rock in which they are foundC) the size of their crystalsD) their physical and chemical properties

104. Minerals are identified on the basis of

A) have the same hardnessB) are the same colorC) contain silicon and oxygenD) break along cleavage planes

105. The minerals talc, muscovite mica, quartz, andolivine are similar because they

A) galena B) quartzC) magnetite D) gypsum

106. Which mineral is commonly mined as a source ofthe element lead (Pb)?


107. Base your answer to the following question on "the graph below, which shows the crustal temperature and pressure conditions under which threedifferent minerals with the same chemical composition (Al2SiO5) crystallize.

"

A) pyrite B) gypsumC) dolomite D) potassium feldspar

Which mineral has a chemical composition most similar to andalusite, sillimanite, and kyanite?

A) Biotite mica is colorless, but muscovite micais not.

B) Biotite mica contains iron and/ormagnesium, but muscovite mica does not.

C) Muscovite mica scratches quartz, but biotitemica does not.

D) Muscovite mica cleaves into thin sheets, butbiotite mica does not.

108. How are the minerals biotite mica and muscovitemica different?

A) Na B) Al C) Si D) Pb

109. Which of the following elements is not found inPlagioclase Feldspar?

A) Amphiboles B) CalciteC) Hematite D) Fluorite

110. Which mineral is composed of Calcium andFluorine?


Base your answers to questions 111 through 113 on the table below which provides information aboutthe crystal sizes and the mineral compositions of four igneous rocks, A, B, C, and D.

A) conglomerate B) schist C) obsidian D) peridotite

111. Rock B most likely is

A) green color B) felsic compositionC) folded layers D) metallic luster

112. Which characteristic of rock B could be caused by the minerals pyroxene and olivine?

A) magnesium B) silicon C) iron D) lead

113. The mineral quartz in rock A is composed of the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth'scrust. These two elements are oxygen and

A) the same elements are found in all mineralsB) a few elements are found in many mineralsC) all elements are found in only a few mineralsD) all elements are found in all minerals

114. The data table below shows the composition of sixcommon rock-forming minerals.

The data table provides evidence that


A)

B)

C)

D)

115. Which graph best represents the textures of granite,pegmatite, and rhyolite?

A) sample sizeB) hardnessC) type of lusterD) angles of cleavage

116. Which property is most useful in distinguishingpyroxene from amphibole?

A) light reflects from crystal surfacesB) energy is released during crystallizationC) of impurities that produce surface variationsD) of the internal arrangement of the atoms

117. The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of twominerals.

Quartz and halite have different crystal shapesprimarily because

A) biotite mica and muscovite micaB) sulfur and amphiboleC) quartz and calciteD) halite and pyroxene

118. Which two minerals have cleavage planes at rightangles?


Base your answers to questions 119 through 121 on "the two tables below and on your knowledge ofEarth science. Table 1 shows the composition, hardness, and average density of four minerals oftenused as gemstones. Table 2 lists the minerals in Moh's Scale of Hardness from 1 (softest) to 10(hardest).

"

A) corundum B) diamond C) fluorite D) topaz

119. Sapphire is a gemstone variety of which mineral on Moh's scale of hardness?

A) emerald and spinel B) emerald and zirconC) sapphire and spinel D) sapphire and zircon

120. Which gemstone minerals contain the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth's crust?


A) internal arrangement of atoms B) geologic time of formationC) oxygen content D) natural abundance

121. The hardness and density of each gemstone is based primarily on the gemstone's

A) age of formation B) infiltration rateC) physical properties D) temperature of formation

122. The diagram below represents a part of the crystal structure of the mineral kaolinite.

An arrangement of atoms such as the one shown in the diagram determines a mineral's

A) is very denseB) is very softC) contains certain impuritiesD) has a regular arrangement of atoms

123. The photograph below shows a broken piece of themineral calcite.

The calcite breaks in smooth, flat surfaces becausecalcite

A) is very hardB) is very denseC) contains large amounts of ironD) has a regular arrangement of atoms

124. The diagram below shows how a sample of themineral mica breaks when hit with a rock hammer.

This mineral breaks in smooth, flat surfacesbecause it


Base your answers to questions 125 and 126 onMoh's mineral hardness scale and on the chart belowshowing the approximate hardness of some commonobjects.

A) A fingernail will scratch calcite, but notquartz.

B) A fingernail will scratch quartz, but notcalcite.

C) A piece of glass can be scratched by quartz,but not by calcite.

D) A piece of glass can be scratched by calcite,but not by quartz.

125. Which statement is best supported by this scale?

A) mineral's colorB) mineral's abundance in natureC) amount of iron the mineral containsD) internal arrangement of the mineral's

atoms

126. The hardness of these minerals is most closelyrelated to the

A) Pyrite B) PyroxeneC) Garnet D) Fluorite

127. Which of the following show cleavage in 2directions at 90%?


Base your answers to questions 128 and 129 on the table below, which shows the characteristics offour different mineral samples.

A) halite and quartz B) halite and goldC) galena and quartz D) galena and gold

128. Which two mineral samples would be most difficult to distinguish from each other based on theircolor, luster, and streak?

A) galena and quartz B) galena and haliteC) gold and halite D) gold and galena

129. Which two mineral samples most likely have a similar internal arrangement of atoms?

A) hardnessB) abundance in natureC) arrangement of atomsD) exposure to the hydrosphere and atmosphere

130. A mineral’s crystal shape and cleavage are a directresult of the mineral’s

A) fluorite B) haliteC) quartz D) galena

131. The elements contained in four minerals are givenin the table below. The basic structural unit of oneof the minerals is also shown. The atom of element1 is surrounded by four atoms of element 2.

In which mineral are the atoms arranged as shownin the basic structural unit?


A) internal arrangement of the atoms in thecrystal

B) emperature at which the crystal formedC) type of surface on which the crystal formedD) stream erosion that changed the crystal

132. The diagram below shows a broken crystal of themineral halite

The shape of the halite crystal is a direct result ofthe

A) internal arrangement of atomsB) external arrangement of flat surfacesC) number of pointed edgesD) member of cleavage planes

133. Differences in hardness between minerals are mostlikely caused by the

A) crystal shape B) cleavageC) luster D) hardness

134. Which property of the mineral diamond allowsdiamond powder to be used to shape gems forjewelry?

A) B)

C) D)

135. Which diagram best represents the silicon-oxygentetrahedron of which talc, feldspar, and quartz arecomposed?

A) density and colorB) texture and color of streakC) type of cleavage and hardnessD) internal arrangement of atoms

136. The physical properties of minerals result fromtheir

A) size of the mineral sampleB) age of the mineral sampleC) method by which the mineral sample was

brokenD) internal arrangement of the mineral's

atoms

137. A mineral's physical characteristics, such ashardness, cleavage, and luster, are dependent on the

A) densityB) oxygen contentC) internal arrangement of atomsD) position among surrounding minerals

138. The cleavage or fracture of a mineral is normallydetermined by the mineral's

A)

B)

C)

D)

139. Which model best represents the silicon-oxygentetrahedron?


A) arrangement of atoms in the mineralB) impurities found in the mineralC) softness of the mineralD) density of the mineral

140. The diagrams below illustrate a specific property ofcertain minerals.

This property is most closely related to the

A) hydrosphere B) troposphereC) lithosphere D) stratosphere

141. The diagram below represents top and side viewsof a model of the silicate tetrahedron.

This tetrahedron is found in large amounts in theEarth's

A) The atoms are lighter in graphite than indiamond.

B) The atoms are heavier in graphite than indiamond.

C) The atoms are bonded together morestrongly in diamond than in graphite.

D) The atoms are smaller in graphite than indiamond.

142. Two minerals made of pure carbon are diamondand graphite. Which statement best explains whydiamond is so much more resistant to scratchingthan graphite?

A) the internal arrangement of carbon atomsis different in each mineral

B) graphite contains impurities not found indiamonds

C) graphite contains radioactive carbon-14 butdiamonds do not

D) diamonds contain silicate tetrahedra butgraphite does not

143. Although diamonds and graphite both consist of theelement carbon, their physical properties are verydifferent. The most likely explanation for thesedifferences is that

A) atomic arrangementB) chemical compositionC) hardnessD) density

144. The mineral mica breaks evenly along flat sheetsmainly because of its

A) tetrahedron B) cubeC) sphere D) cylinder

145. The diagram below represents a basic atomicstructure that forms when oxygen and silicon unite.

This structure is called a

A) metamorphism of the haliteB) the internal arrangement of the atoms in

haliteC) the amount of erosion the halite has undergoneD) the shape of other minerals located where the

halite formed

146. What causes the characteristic crystal shape andcleavage (breaking along flat surfaces) of themineral halite as shown in the diagram below?


A) They have the same density.B) They are similar in appearance.C) They contain silicon and oxygen.D) They are the same mineral.

147. Two mineral samples have different physicalproperties, but each contains silicate tetrahedronsas its basic structural unit. Which statement aboutthe two mineral samples must be true?

A) oxygen B) nitrogenC) potassium D) hydrogen

148. Which element combines with silicon to form thetetrahedral unit of structure of the silicate minerals?

A) B)

C) D)

149. Which object is the best model of the shape of asilicon-oxygen structural unit?

A) internal arrangement of the elements fromwhich quartz is formed

B) shape of the other rock crystals in the areawhere the quartz was formed

C) amount of weathering that the quartz has beenexposed to

D) age of the quartz crystal

150. The crystal characteristics of quartz shown in theaccompanying diagram are the result of the

Answer KeyES MINERALS MEGA PACKET

1. C2. D3. B4. D5. C6. B7. D8. B9. B10. C11. D12. B13. D14. D15. C16. A17. C18. A19. A20. D21. C22. D23. C24. A25. C26. A27. A28. D29. D30. B31. C32. C33. C34. C35. D36. A

37. C38. B39. B40. B41. C42. D43. C44. B45. B46. D47. C48. A49. C50. B51. C52. B53. A54. D55. D56. B57. B58. A59. C60. D61. C62. D63. D64. C65. C66. D67. C68. C69. C70. B71. A72. A

73. A74. D75. C76. D77. B78. B79. B80. D81. B82. C83. A84. B85. D86. C87. A88. C89. C90. B91. C92. B93. C94. A95. C96. B97. C98. A99. A100. D101. A102. A103. B104. D105. C106. A107. D108. B

109. D110. D111. D112. A113. B114. B115. D116. D117. D118. D119. A120. B121. A122. C123. D124. D125. C126. D127. B128. A129. B130. C131. C132. A133. A134. D135. D136. D137. D138. C139. A140. A141. C142. C143. A144. A

Answer KeyES MINERALS MEGA PACKET

145. A146. B147. C148. A149. B150. A

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