minerals. mineral - definition naturally occurring inorganic solid specific atomic composition...
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Minerals
Mineral - definition
Naturally occurring Inorganic Solid Specific atomic composition Definite atomic structure
Mineral Identification
1. Hardness 2. Streak 3. Cleavage/Fracture 4. Luster 5. Specific Gravity 6. Color
Hardness Is measured by how easy it is to
scratch. Geologists order the hardness by…1. Scratched by a fingernail.2. Scratched by a penny. 3. Scratched by a nail. 4. Scratched by a diamond.
These are not all of the tools geologists use, but it will work for our
experiment.
Mineral Identification Hardness – the ability to resist scratching; ranges
from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest)
Mineral Systems
If space is not restricted, a mineral will exhibit a crystal pattern with a definite number of sides and specific angles.
Mineral Identification
_________ – the color of the powdered form of a mineral
Streak
Mineral Identification
Cleavage (flat surfaces) or Fracture (no flat surfaces) – the way a mineral __________breaks
Mineral Identification
Fracture: ___________________ Ex. Quartz or obsidian
Mica is probably the best example as it splits into thin sheets. It is said to
have one perfect cleavage.
Calcite and Galena cleave in three directions.
They are said to have three good cleavages.
Not all minerals show cleavage.
Those that don’t break along cleavage surfaces are said to have fracture.
LusterRefers to the way light
reflects from the surface of the mineral.
There are two types of luster, Metallic: looks like polished
metal. Nonmetallic: does not look like
polished metal. Nonmetallic can be shiny or dull.
Pyrite has metallic luster
Quartz has nonmetallic luster
Specific Gravity of a Mineral
One mineral property we will not use…
COLOR
A mineral can be many different colors. Below is Mica.
Review
RAP
Discovery Channel : Minerals
Silicates Non Silicates
COMMON MINERALS IN THE EARTH
QUARTZ (Silica)
SiO2
CORUNDUM (Alumina) Al2O3
HEMATITE
Fe2O3
CALCITE
CaCO3
DOLOMITE
CaMg(CO3)2
GYPSUM
CaSO4
FLUORITE
CaF2
PYRITE
FeS2
OLIVINE (Mg,Fe)2SiO4
PYROXENE (Mg,Fe)SiO3
AMPHIBOLE
(Ca2Mg5)Si8O22(OH)2
FELDSPARS
Albite NaAlSi3O8
Orthoclase KAlSi3O8
Anorthite CaAl2Si2O8
KAOLINITE Al2Si2O5(OH)4
Discovery Channel : Salt
Common minerals and their uses