Minerals resources of Mexico and the

world.Adrián Gomez.

Geraldine Tellez.Daniel Madrigal.Karime Ortiz.Reneé Ceballos.Antonio Flores.

Chemical symbol: Au Atomic: 79 Description: It is a dense, soft, malleable and ductile metal with a bright

yellow color and luster, the properties of which remain without tarnishing when exposed to air or water. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements, and is solid under standard conditions. The metal therefore occurs often in free elemental (native) form, as nuggets or grains, in rocks, in veins and in alluvial deposits. Less commonly, it occurs in minerals as gold compounds, such as with tellurium as calaverite, sylvanite, or krennerite.Gold resists attacks by individual acids, but it can be dissolved by aqua regia (nitro-hydrochloric acid), so named because it dissolves gold. Gold also dissolves in alkaline solutions of cyanide, which have been used in mining. It dissolves in mercury, forming amalgam alloys; it is insoluble in nitric acid, which dissolves silver and base metals, a property that has long been used to confirm the presence of gold in items, giving rise to the term acid test.

Uses: We use them in many decorations and jewelry and in coins

GOLD

How we use it:

Major Producers: Australia, Peru, Brasil, Sudafrica, Canada, United States, and Mexico. Chile

Chemical symbol: Fe Atomic number: 26 Description: It is a metal in the first transition series. It is by mass

the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust. Iron's very common presence in rocky planets like Earth is due to its abundant production as a result of fusion in high-mass stars, wherein the production of nickel-56 (which decays to the most common isotope of iron) is the last nuclear fusion reaction that is exothermic. Therefore, radioactive nickel is the last element to be produced, before collapse of a supernova causes the explosion that abundantly scatters this precursor radionuclide into space.

Uses: It is used in metallurgic objects and decorations is the most common mineral and in coins, also in weapons or in utensils for cooking etc.

iron

How we use it:

Major Producers: Australia, China, Peru, Brasil, Sudafrica, Canada, United States, Mexico and Chile. Chile

Chemical symbol: Pb Atomic number: 82 Descrption: Lead is a soft and malleable metal, which is regarded as a

heavy metal and an other metal. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air. Lead has a shiny chrome-silver luster when it is melted into a liquid. It is also the heaviest non-radioactive element.

Lead is used in building construction, lead-acid batteries, bullets and shot, weights, as part of solders, pewters, fusible alloys, and as a radiation shield. Lead has the highest atomic number of all of the stable elements, although the next higher element, bismuth, has a half-life that is so long (over one billion times the estimated age of the universe) that it can be considered stable. Its four stable isotopes have 82 protons, a magic number in the nuclear shell model of atomic nuclei. We use it in pencils and colors, and guns, fishin poles

Lead

How we use it:

Major Producer: Sudafrica. Chile

Zinc

Chemical Symbol: Zn

Atomic Number: 30

Description:

Zinc, in commerce also spelter, is a metallic chemical element. It is the first element of group 12 of the periodic table. Zinc is, in some respects, chemically similar to magnesium, because its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2. Zinc is the 24th most abundant element in the Earth's crust and has five stable isotopes.

Uses: is used in zinc galvanizing, form materials that are used in automobiles, also is used in rubber manufacturing and as a protective skin ointment and Zinc is also important for health. It is a necessary element for the proper growth and development of humans, animals, and plants.

Facts

How we use it:

Major Producers: Australia, China, Peru, and Mexico. Chile

Aluminium

Chemical Symbol: Al

Atomic Number: 13

Description:

Is a chemical element in the boron group It is a silvery white, soft, ductile metal. Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon), and the most abundant metal, in the Earth's crust. It makes up about 8% by weight of the Earth's solid surface. Aluminium metal is so chemically reactive that native specimens are rare and limited to extreme reducing environments. Instead, it is found combined in over 270 different minerals. The chief ore of aluminium is bauxite.

Uses: transport, construction, packaging and electrical sectors. With it we make roofing and wall cladding, in extrusions for windows and doors, and in castings for builders' hardware.

How we use it:

Major Producers: Australia, China, Peru, Brasil, Sudafrica, Canada, United States, Mexico and Chile

Chemical Symbol: U

Atomic Number: 92

Descrption:

Uranium is a silvery-white metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all its isotopes are unstable (with half-lives of the 6 naturally known isotopes, U-233 - U-238, varying between 69 years and 4½ billion years).

Uses:

A nuclear fuel, Conversion into plutonium in "breeder" reactors. Used in nuclear fuels to generate electrical power,Synthesis of isotopes. Nuclear explosive. Also to make X-ray targets for production of high-energy X-rays. The nitrate has been used as photographic toner

Uranium

How we use it:

Major Producers: Australia, Brasil, Sudafrica, Canada, United States and Mexico.Chile

Mercury

• Chemical Symbol: Hg• Atomic Number: 80

• Description:A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature.

• Uses: It is used in the manufacture of sodium hydroxide and chlorine by electrolysis of brine. The metal is widely used in making advertising signs, mercury switches and other electrical apparatus. It is used in laboratory work for making thermometers, barometers, diffusion pumps and many other instruments.

How we use it

Major Producer: ChinaChile

Silver• Chemical Symbol: Ag• Atomic Number: 47

• Description: A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it possesses the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal. The metal occurs naturally in its pure, free form (native silver), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper, gold, lead, and zinc refining.

• Uses: its use in jewelry and coins, but today, silver's primary use is industrial. Whether in cell phones or solar panels, new innovations are constantly emerging to take advantage of silver's unique properties.

How we use it

Major Producers: Peru, Brasil, Canada, United States, and Mexico. Chile

Copper

• Chemical Symbol: Cu• Atomic Number: 29

• Description: It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; a freshly exposed surface has a reddish-orange color.

• Uses: Copper is heavily employed in the construction industry. The metal’s high ductility makes it a practical tool for industrial use. It is commonly used in shipbuilding. 

How we use it

Major Producers: Peru, Canada, United States, Mexico and Chile. Chile

PLATINUM

Chemical symbol: Pt Atomic number:78 Descrption: METAIC ELEMENT QUEMICALLY INERT

AND PLENTFUL, MORE WEALTHY THAN GOLD. IT IS ONE OF THE TRANSITION ELEMENTSOF 10´S GROUP OR VIIID OF THE PERIODICAL SYSTEM.

Uses: is used extensively for jewellery, but its main use - accounting for about 50% of demand each year - is inside catalytic convertors on cars, trucks and buses. Platinum is very effective at converting emissions from the vehicle's engine into less harmful waste products. It is also used for electrical components

Platinumuses

Major Producer: Brasil. Chile

CARBON CHEMICAL SYMBOL: C ATOMIC NUMBER: 6 DESCRIPTIONIT IS A CRUCIAL ELEMENT FOR THE

LIVING ORGANISMS, IT HAS MUCH INDUSTRIAL APLICATIONS THAT ARE IMPORTANT. IT BELONGS TO THE 14´S GROUPOR IVA OF THE PERIODIAL SYSTEM.

USES: Heat resistant devices, tools and metal cutters have carbon built in. The metal is also used in cooling systems and machinery.

Carbonuses

Major Producer: Sudafrica.Chile

NICKEL

CHEMICAL SYMBOL: Ni ATOMIC NUMBER: 28 DESCRIPTIONIS A MAGNETIC-METALIC ELEMENT ,

ASPECT SILVERY WHITE COLOR, USED PRIMARLY IN ALLOYMENTS. IS ONE OF THE TRANSITION ELEMENTS OF THE PERIODICAL SYSTEM. NiCl2, sulfato de níquel

sulfato de amonio y níquel, NiSO4·(NH4) dimetilglioxima

Nickel uses

Major Producers: Sudafrica and Canada.Chile

NITRATE

CHEMICAL SYMBOL: NO3 ATOMIC NUMBER: 14797-55-8 DESCRPTIONIS A POLYATOMIC ION WITH THE

MOLECULAR FORMULA NO3 AND A MOLECULAS MASS OF 62.0049g/mol. NITRATRES ALSO DESCRIBE THE ORGANIC FUNCTIONAL GROUP RONO2. THESE NITRATE ESTERS ARE SPECIALIZED CLASS OF EXPLOSIVES.

Nitrate uses

Major Producer: Chile.Chile

is a metastable allotrope of carbon, where the carbon atoms are arranged in a variation of the face-centered cubic crystal structure called a diamond lattice. Diamond is less stable than graphite, but the conversion rate from diamond to graphite is negligible at standard conditions.

DIAMONDS

Diamond

Major Producers: Brasil and Sudafrica.Chile

ANTIMONY is a chemical element with

symbol Sb (from Latin: stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been

known since ancient times and were used for cosmetics; metallic antimony was also known, but it was erroneously identified as lead. It was established to be an element around the 17th century.

Antimony

Major Producers: Australia, China, Peru, Brasil, Sudafrica, Canada, United States, Mexico and Chile

TITANIUM is a chemical element

with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density and high strength. It is highly resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia and chlorine.

Titanium was discovered in Cornwall, Great Britain, by William Gregor in 1791 and named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth for the Titans of Greek mythology

Titanium uses

Major Producers: Australia, China, Peru, Brasil, Sudafrica, Canada, United States, Mexico and Chile