minerals slideshare

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Page 1: Minerals slideshare
Page 2: Minerals slideshare

What is a Mineral?What is a Mineral?

Naturally-formed Naturally-formed solidsolid substance substance with a with a crystalcrystal structure structure

Page 3: Minerals slideshare

What do all minerals What do all minerals have in common?have in common?

All:All:1.1. Are formed by Are formed by naturalnatural processes.processes.

2.2. Are Are NOTNOT alive and NEVER were alive alive and NEVER were alive

3.3. Have a Have a definitedefinite volume and shapevolume and shape

4.4. Are elements or compounds with a Are elements or compounds with a uniqueunique chemical makeupchemical makeup

5.5. Are made up of particles that are Are made up of particles that are arranged arranged in a pattern that is repeatedin a pattern that is repeated over and over over and over (called a (called a CRYSTALCRYSTAL))

Page 4: Minerals slideshare

Watch “Crystals” by Brainpop…username: ehms

password: bonacSearch “Crystals” if it does not bring you right to the video.

1.What element are diamonds made from?

2. What do all crystals have in common?

Page 5: Minerals slideshare

Groups of MineralsGroups of Minerals

Minerals are grouped by the Minerals are grouped by the elements they are made of.elements they are made of.

Amethyst

Beryl (Emerald) Calcite

Page 6: Minerals slideshare

Mineral GroupMineral Group CharacteristicsCharacteristics ExamplesExamples

SilicatesSilicates

Contain Contain oxygenoxygen & & silicasilica The most The most abundantabundant group of group of mineralsminerals

Quartz, micaQuartz, mica

MICA Quartz

Page 7: Minerals slideshare

Mineral GroupMineral Group CharacteristicsCharacteristics ExamplesExamples

Non-SilicatesNon-Silicates

Make up Make up only only 5%5% of the of the Earth’s crustEarth’s crust Include some Include some of the most of the most important important mineralsminerals

iron, copper, iron, copper, gold, silver, gold, silver, diamonds, diamonds, rubiesrubies

Silver

GoldRuby Iron

Copper

Diamond

Page 8: Minerals slideshare

Mineral GroupMineral Group CharacteristicsCharacteristics ExamplesExamples

CarbonatesCarbonates Carbon & Carbon & oxygen and a oxygen and a positive ion, positive ion, such as such as calciumcalcium

Calcite Calcite (CaCO(CaCO33))

Calcite with Duftite inclusions

Page 9: Minerals slideshare

Mineral GroupMineral Group CharacteristicsCharacteristics ExamplesExamples

OxidesOxides Metallic ion Metallic ion and oxygenand oxygen

Hematite Hematite (Fe(Fe22)O)O33

Page 10: Minerals slideshare

Mineral GroupMineral Group CharacteristicsCharacteristics ExamplesExamples

SulfidesSulfides Sulfur and a Sulfur and a metallic ionmetallic ion

Galena (PbS)Galena (PbS)

Page 11: Minerals slideshare

Mineral GroupMineral Group CharacteristicsCharacteristics ExamplesExamples

Sulfates Metallic ion, Sulfur & oxygen

Barite (BaSO4)

Barite on Calcite BaSo4 / CaCO3

BariteBaSo4

Page 12: Minerals slideshare

Mineral GroupMineral Group CharacteristicsCharacteristics ExamplesExamples

Native Elements

Single elements

Gold (Au), Diamond (C), Silver (Ag)

Page 13: Minerals slideshare

How do minerals form?How do minerals form?

1) Cooling of 1) Cooling of magmamagma (hot, (hot, liquid liquid rockrock and minerals inside the earth and minerals inside the earth (from the mantle))(from the mantle)) Fast Cooling = No Crystals (mineraloids)Fast Cooling = No Crystals (mineraloids) Medium Cooling = SMALL crystalsMedium Cooling = SMALL crystals Slow Cooling = LARGE crystalsSlow Cooling = LARGE crystals

Page 14: Minerals slideshare

How do minerals form?How do minerals form?

2) Elements dissolved in 2) Elements dissolved in liquidsliquids (usually water) will reform into (usually water) will reform into crystals as the water evaporates and crystals as the water evaporates and the dissolved elements recrystalize.the dissolved elements recrystalize.

Page 15: Minerals slideshare

Physical Properties of MineralsPhysical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)(can be used to identify the mineral)

ColorColor Can be misleading Can vary with the type of impurities

Page 16: Minerals slideshare

Physical Properties of MineralsPhysical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)(can be used to identify the mineral)

LusterLuster Surface reflection metallic = shiny

like metal non-metallic =

dull, non-shiny surface

Pyrite has a metallic luster

Calcite has a non-metallic luster

Page 17: Minerals slideshare

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)

StreakStreak The color of the powdered

form of the mineral The color of the streak can

be different than the mineral Minerals must be softer than

the streak plate

Page 18: Minerals slideshare

Streak…can help identify Streak…can help identify quartzquartz

http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b3.html

Their colors may vary (remember, color Bad!)

Page 19: Minerals slideshare

Physical Properties of MineralsPhysical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)(can be used to identify the mineral)

HardnessHardness How easily a mineral How easily a mineral scratchesscratches

materialsmaterials Mohs Hardness ScaleMohs Hardness Scale

Scale from 1 (Scale from 1 (softestsoftest) to 10 () to 10 (hardesthardest)) Test by seeing if the mineral can scratch Test by seeing if the mineral can scratch

different objects (like human fingernail, different objects (like human fingernail, copper, penny, glass, steel file)copper, penny, glass, steel file)

Page 20: Minerals slideshare

Find out more…Find out more…

““Electronic” Hardness TestElectronic” Hardness Test

http://www.childrensmuseum.org/http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b2.html geomysteries/cube/b2.html

Page 21: Minerals slideshare

Physical Properties of MineralsPhysical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)(can be used to identify the mineral)

Cleavage & FractureCleavage & Fracture The way the mineral breaks Cleavage—minerals break

along smooth, flat surfaces and every fragment has the same general shape

Fracture—minerals that break at random with rough or jagged edges

Page 22: Minerals slideshare
Page 24: Minerals slideshare

Physical Properties of MineralsPhysical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)(can be used to identify the mineral)

Other PropertiesOther Properties Specific gravity (*excellent clue to

mineral’s identity) Attraction to magnets Bending of light Reaction with hydrochloric acid Smell & taste

http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b4.html

Page 25: Minerals slideshare

Watch Brainpop—“Mineral Identification”

Username: ehmspassword: bonac

Search “Mineral Identification” if it does not bring you right to the video.

1. If a mineral can scratch your fingernail, the mineral is _______________ than your fingernail.

2. What is luster?

Page 26: Minerals slideshare

What is a gem?What is a gem? A Mineral OR Rock that has value Rare ! Sometimes polishing or cutting will

add value

Page 27: Minerals slideshare

The EndThe End