Upload File

minerals the substances that make up rocks and earth’s surface

  • Home
  • Documents
  • Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface
21
Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Upload: lillie-wormington

Post on 16-Dec-2015

213 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

Report

Tags:

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Minerals

The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Page 2: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface
Page 3: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Sedimentary Process

• Physical & Chemical process of weathering and erosion • Breaking of rocks into smaller pieces

sediment• Sediment = loose particulate material

(clay, sand, gravel, etc.)

Page 4: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

What are the main agents of weathering & erosion?

•Wind•Moving water • Gravity • Glaciers

Text p 135 figure 6.2

Page 5: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Sediment

• Deposited in low areas• Largest grains sink to the bottom and

the smallest grains at the top resulting in layers• As more sediment is deposited the

bottom layers are subject to increasing pressure & temperature causing Lithification

Page 6: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

strata (layers)

Sedimentary Rock

Page 7: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Lithification

• Lithify Greek word lithos which means stone • Physical & Chemical process that transforms

sediments into sedimentary rocks–Compaction–Cementation

Sediments harden into rock

Page 8: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Sedimentary Rock

• Most formed under water but also in deserts/dunes • Cemented

together by SiO2, CaCO3 or FeO

Page 9: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Classification of Sedimentary Rocks

How rock was formed• Clastic: From pieces of other rocks • Chemical: Precipitating out of a

solution• Biochemical: From remains of plants &

animals

Page 10: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Clastic • Greek work klastos meaning broken • Most common sedimentary rock • Sandstone, shale • Further classified by size of particles –Coarse grain–Medium grained –Fine Grain Text p 142 Table 6.1

Page 11: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Chemical & Biochemical

Chemical • Forms in arid regions mostly called evaporites

(example Great Salt Lake in Utah) • Limestone, rock salt

Biochemical • Organic, common in shallow waters • Coal, limestone

Page 12: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Common types of sedimentary rocks

ShalesMudstonesSandstones Limestones

Evaporites (such as salt beds)

Page 13: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Shales are the most common sedimentary rock type being made up of fine particles

Page 14: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Sandstones are made up of sand-sized grains most common is quartz

Page 15: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Limestone is a light whitish-gray

Page 16: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Identifying Sedimentary Rock

Some show ripple marks or mud cracks

Page 17: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Desert Salt Flat

Page 18: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Ancient shallow water environment

Page 19: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Why do you think most fossils are found in sedimentary rock?

Page 20: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

Homework

Read text p 134-137 & 141-144

Page 21: Minerals The substances that make up rocks and Earth’s surface

ANY QUESTIONS?


Rocks and Minerals Chapters 10-11. Rocks Earth’s crust is made of rock. Rocks are mixtures of minerals and sometimes other materials

Earth’s Interior Concept 2 Notes. How do Geologists Learn about Earth’s Interior? Geologist – someone who studies Earth’s rocks, structures, and landmassesGeologist

Unit 1 Review S6E5 Minerals, Rocks & Earth’s Layers

KEY CONCEPT Earth’s past is revealed in rocks and fossils. · Earth’s past is revealed in rocks and fossils. ... Minerals replace the remains, ... Fossils reveal that Earth has

Sedimentary Rocks. Sedimentary Rocks are #1 Earth’s crust was made of IGNEOUS rocks But 75% of the rocks on the Earth’s crust are SEDIMENTARY! Why?

Rocks Rocks! What makes up Earth’s Crust Three types of rocks… Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary

Rocks and Earth’s atmosphere

14-2 How Are the Earth’s Rocks Recycled? Concept 14-2 The three major types of rocks found in the earth’s crust—sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic—are

Chapter 7: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks: Archives of Earth’s History

Weathering and Erosion Weathering means the process of breaking down rocks and other substances at Earth’s surface

Scotland’s Rocks and Fossils Handling Collection · Scotland’s rocks and fossils handling collection Sedimentary rocks 70% of all the rocks on the Earth’s surface are sedimentary

Discovering Earth’s History Rocks Record Earth’s History 1. Rocks record geological events and changing life forms of the past. 2.Scientists have learned

Classifying rocks Rocks are made up of two or more minerals. About 20 minerals make up most of the earth’s rocks. When studying rocks, geologists

Rocks: Earth’s Rocks 2: Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary …instruct.uwo.ca/earth-sci/083f/083Fearthrockssedmet.pdf · Once buried, sediment undergoes ... Cementation: Sediment grains

Sedimentary Rocks. Sedimentary rocks form from the breakdown of pre-existing rocks at Earth’s surface. They are the largest group of rocks on the Earth’s

Rocks: Earth’s Rocks 2: Sedimentary and Metamorphic Environments

ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS EARTH’S MANTLE IS COMPOSED OF ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS ULTRAMAFICS (ULTRABASIC) ROCKS ARE IGNEOUS & META-IGNEOUS VERY LOW SILICA, LESS THAN

Chapter 4 Views of Earth’s Past Pg 111-133. 4.1 Earth’s past is revealed in rocks and fossils

Sedimentary Rocks. Sedimentary rocks account for about 5 to 10 percent of the Earth’s outer 10 miles of crust. Because they are concentrated at the Earth’s

Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools within existing rocks in Earth’s crust. Extrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools on Earth’s surface,

Chapter 3.3nd 3.4 The Earth’s Surface Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks

14-2 How Are the Earth’s Rocks Recycled?

Interpreting Earth’s Rocks to Determine Its Past History

Weathering The natural breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth’s surface. A slow continuous process that affects all substances exposed

Earth’s Rocks

Geology 12 Presents. Sedimentary Rocks 95% of the Earth’s volume is igneous and metamorphic rocks but 75% of the Earth’s surface is covered by sediments

Chapter Eighteen: Earth’s History and Rocks...Chapter Eighteen: Earth’s History and Rocks!18.1 Geologic Time!18.2 Relative Dating!18.3 The Rock Cycle 18.2 Learning Goals!Compare

MINERALS AND ROCKS IN THE EARTH’S CRUST Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic Rocks and Environments

Weathering, Erosion & Deposition · 2013-02-01 · Weathering, Erosion, Deposition Process 1. Weathering wears down rocks and other substances on the Earth’s surface. produces sediment

Earth’s Interior and Geophysical Properties. Studying Rocks from Earth’s Interior Geologists can’t sample rocks very far below Earth’s surface. Deep mines

Rocks Building Blocks of the Earth’s Crust. Earth’s Layers

Earth’s Rocks MineralsRocksSoilsMiscellaneous 10 20 30 40 50

Rocks: IgneousIgneous SedimentarySedimentary MetamorphicMetamorphic Keepers of Earth’s History 1

Intrusive Rocks Below earth’s surface – cools slow Large grains Extrusive Rocks On earth’s surface – cools fast Small or no visible grains

Module 3 – Earth’s Crust Chapter 10 – Minerals, Rocks, and Soil