Lab Activity 8

Axial Skeleton

Martini Chapter 7

Portland Community CollegeBI 231

Axial Skeleton

• Skull• Spine• Thoracic Cage• Hyoid bone

Cervical Spine

• 7 Vertebra• C1-C7• Concave Posterior

Thoracic Spine

• 12 Vertebra• T1-T12• Convex Posterior• Attach to the ribs

Lumbar Spine

• 5 Vertebra• L1-L5• Concave Posterior

Sacral Spine

• 5 Fused Vertebra• “Sacrum”

Coccyx

• 4 Fused Vertebra

Intervertebral Foraminae

Intervertebral Disk

Annulus Fibrosus

(Fibrocartilage)

Nucleus Pulposus

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)

BODY

VertebralForamen

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)

Bifid Spinous Process

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)

Transverse Processes

Transverse Foramen

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)

Superior Articular Facet

Superior Articular Process

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)

Vertebral Arch

Cervical Vertebrae C1: Atlas

Superior Articular Facet

Cervical Vertebrae C2: Axis

Odontoid Process (Dens)

Cervical VertebraeC1 & C2 Joined Together

Thoracic Vertebrae

Spinous Process

Thoracic Vertebrae

Costal Facets on the Transverse Process (for rib attachment)

Lumbar Vertebrae

BODY

Sacrum

5 Fused Vertebrae

Sacrum

Sacral Promontory

Sacrum

Sacral Foramina

Sacroiliac Joints

Coccyx

4 Rudimentary Vertebrae

Hyoid Bone

Greater HornLesser Horn

BODY

Sternum Manubrium

Body

Xiphoid Process

Sternal Angle

Ribs 1-7: True Ribs

Ribs 8-10: False Ribs

Ribs 11 & 12: Floating Ribs

Ribs

Ribs Attached to Thoracic Vertebrae

Costovertebral Angle

Frontal BoneFrontal Bone

Frontal Bone

Supraorbital ridge

Frontal BoneFrontal Sinus

Parietal Bone

Parietal Bone

Parietal Bone

Parietal Bone

Temporal Bone

Temporal Bone

Temporal Bone

Temporal Bone

Temporal Bone

Temporal Bone

Mastoid Process

Zygomatic Arch

Mandibular fossa

External Acoustic Meatus

Styloid Process

Temporal Bone

Jugular Foramen

Carotid Canal

Occipital Bone

Occipital Bone

External occipitalprotuberance

Occipital Condyles

Foramen Magnum

Sphenoid BoneLesser Wing

Greater Wing

Pterygoid Process

Medial Pterygoid Plate

Lateral Pterygoid Plate

Sphenoid Bone Sphenoidal Sinus

Pterygoid Process

Sphenoid Bone

Greater Wing

Lesser Wing

Sella Turcica

SphenoidBone

Hypophyseal Fossa

Dorsum Sella

Ethmoid Bone

Crista Galli

Perpendicular Plate

Ethmoid Bone

Perpendicular Plate

Middle NasalConchae

Ethmoid Bone

Cribriform Plate

Perpendicular Plate

Cristae Galli

CraniumFloor

Anterior Cranial Fossa

Middle Cranial Fossa

PosteriorCranial Fossa

Sagittal Suture

Parietal Bone

(Right)

Parietal Bone(Left)

Frontal Bone

Occipital Bone

Between the Right and Left Parietal bones

Coronal Suture

Between the Parietal bones and the Frontal Bone

Parietal Bone Frontal Bone

TemporalBone

Occipital Bone

Squamous Suture

Between the Parietal bone and the Temporal Bone

Parietal Bone Frontal Bone

TemporalBone

Occipital Bone

Lambdoid Suture

Between the Parietal bones and the Occipital Bone

Parietal Bone Frontal Bone

TemporalBone

Occipital Bone

Wormian (Sutural) Bones

Small islands of bone that fill gaps in sutures.

Present in varying amounts

Fetal Skull

Fetal SkullSuperior View

Orbit

MaxillaHard Palate

Mandible

Body

Ramus

Coronoid ProcessMandibular

Condyle

AngleMental Foramen

Alveolar Process

Mandible

Mylohyoid Line Mandibular Foramen

Palatine Bone

Vomer

Zygomatic Bone

Temporal Process

Zygomatic Arch

Facial Bones

Facial Bones

Perpendicular Plate (Ethmoid)

Middle NasalConchae (Ethmoid)

Inferior Nasal Conchae

Vomer

Sinuses FrontalEthmoid Air Cells

MaxillarySphenoidal

The End