mini cnc complete plans and instructions kh

8/10/2019 Mini Cnc Complete Plans and Instructions Kh

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http://www.instructables.com/id/Mini-CNC-complete-plans-and-instructions/

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Mini CNC router, complete plans and instructionsby berbefaracon March 19, 2011

Table of Contents

Mini CNC router, complete plans and instructions ......................................................................................

Intro: Mini CNC router, complete plans and instructions ..............................................................................

Step 1: Mini CNC specifications ................................................................................................

Step 2: Required tools and skills ...............................................................................................

Step 3: Ordering components .................................................................................................

Step 4: Mechanical components - aluminum profiles ................................................................................

Step 5: Mechanical components - shafts, bearings and leadscrews .....................................................................

Step 6: Electronic components - Motors .......................................................................................... 1

Step 7: Electronic components - motor controler ................................................................................... 1

Step 8: Power supply components .............................................................................................. 1

Step 9: Motor controller case .................................................................................................. 1

Step 10: Electrical wiring - Power supply ......................................................................................... 1

Step 11: Electrical wiring - Motor controller ....................................................................................... 1

Step 12: Testing the stepper motors ............................................................................................ 1

Step 13: Machining mechanical components - Aluminum profiles ....................................................................... 1

File Downloads ........................................................................................................... 1

Step 14: Machining mechanical components - Linear shafts ........................................................................... 1

File Downloads ........................................................................................................... 1

Step 15: Machining mechanical components - Trapezoidal lead screws and nuts ........................................................... 1

File Downloads ........................................................................................................... 1

Step 16: Machining mechanical components - Ball bushing supports .................................................................... 2

File Downloads ........................................................................................................... 2

Step 17: Mechanical assembly - Z axis .......................................................................................... 2

Step 18: Mechanical assembly - X axis .......................................................................................... 2

Step 19: Mechanical assembly - Y axis .......................................................................................... 2

Step 20: Mounting all the axis together .......................................................................................... 2

Step 21: Mounting the motors ................................................................................................. 2

Step 22: Mounting the cable suports ............................................................................................ 2

Step 23: Motor wire conections ................................................................................................ 3

Step 24: Limit switches ...................................................................................................... 3

Step 25: CNC Software configuration ............................................................................................ 3

Step 26: Testing the Mini CNC machine .......................................................................................... 3

Related Instructables ........................................................................................................ 4
http://www.instructables.com/member/berbefarac/?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=titlehttp://www.instructables.com/tag/type-id/category-workshop/http://www.instructables.com/tag/type-id/category-technology/http://www.instructables.com/tag/type-id/category-play/http://www.instructables.com/tag/type-id/category-outside/http://www.instructables.com/tag/type-id/category-living/http://www.instructables.com/tag/type-id/category-food/


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Comments ................................................................................................................ 4


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Author:berbefarac

I am a mechanical engineer, passionate d by CNC machines.

Intro: Mini CNC router, complete plans and instructionsThe Mini CNC project is a complete set of plans and instructions on how to build a 3 axis CNC machine that is functional and also precise and with a budget of less th1200$. The Mini CNC is very simple and easy to build and if you have all the materials and parts prepared you should have it ready to work in less than 5 days.

I wanted and also needed to build this Mini CNC machine so I can make faster and more precise the parts that I need for my other home projects.
http://www.instructables.com/id/Mini-CNC-complete-plans-and-instructions/http://member/berbefarac/http://member/berbefarac/


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Image Notes1. Designed in Catia V5

Image Notes1. Testing on paper until I will get some cylindrical end mils

Image Notes1. Motor controller

Step 1:Mini CNC specificationsThe working area of the machine is X=450mm (approx. 17.5 inch) and Y=250mm (approx. 10 inch) and can mill parts as high as Z=110mm (approx 5 inch).

The maximum milling speed on X an Y axis is 2400mm/min. and on Z axis is 1800mm/min.

The resolution of each axis is 1/50 or two hundredths of an mm and one axis revolution means 4 mm of movement.

The router used for this CNC is a Kress 1050.

The number of parts used for building this Mini CNC machine is 42 excepting screws and nuts and the total cost is 1200,19$.


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Step 2:Required tools and skillsFor this project you will need to have a set of screwdrivers and a set of hex keys or Allen keys, a drill for some extra holes, metal cutting saw to cut some custom partssoldering station or soldering gun join the wires so they`ll have a good conductivity , and a multimeter.

You should have knowledge of basic electronics, how to solder and how to use a multimeter

Image Notes1. If something dose not work use this hamer.


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Step 3:Ordering componentsAll the parts used to build were bought from local dealers, so i suggest you do the same if it`s cheaper (parts + transport). If not you ca find all the part on eBay.

The trapezoidal cylindrical nut was made in a local workshop.


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Image Notes1. Z components and tools required for assembly

Step 5:Mechanical components - shafts, bearings and leadscrews1) Precision steel shafts:

- 20mm precision steel shafts for X axis (cut from 1 piece of 60 inch=1524mm shaft)

2 pieces of 600mm long cost: 54$

- 16mm precision steel shafts for Y axis (cut from 2 pieces of 30 inch=762mm shaft)

2 pieces of 390mm long cost: 29.95$

- 16mm precision steel shafts for Z axis (cut from 2 pieces of 372mm shaft left from the Y axis shafts)

2 pieces of 300mm long cost: 29.95$

- machining the precision steel shafts

6 pieces cost:25$

2) Ball bearings/bushings

- 20mm (32 outer diameter) ball bearings/bushings

4 pieces cost: 29.95$

- 16mm (26 outer diameter) ball bearings/bushings

8 pieces cost: 57.9$

3) Trapezoidal lead screws cut from a 1500mm long trapezoidal lead screw:

- 16mm trapezoidal lead screw with 4mm pitch for X axis

1 piece of 657mm long





- end machining for the trapezoidal lead screws in a local workshop

3 pieces cost:20$

Cost:67.2$

4) Trapezoidal cylindrical Nuts that I made on a lathe in a local workshop:

- 16mm with 4mm pitch nut

1 piece with 32mm outer diameter and 32mm long

- 16mm with 4mm pitch nut

2 pieces with 24mm outer diameter and 24mm long

Cost:30$


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Total cost323.95$

Image Notes1. Linear ball bearings2. Trapezoidal nuts

Step 6:Electronic components - MotorsThe motors chosen for this project are 3Nm 8 wire stepper motors that can be wired as unipolar or bipolar, depending on everyones choice or what driver you have(unipolar or bipolar).

- 3 pieces of 3Nm stepper motors cost:158.2$

A unipolar stepper motor has two windings per phase, one for each direction of magnetic field. The motor has only five leads.Bipolar motors have a single winding per phase. The current in a winding needs to be reversed in order to reverse a magnetic pole. There are two leads per phase, noare common.

The difference is: Unipolar and Bipolar Half Coil , because we're using less turns, doesn't give us great low speed torque, but because of the low inductance, holds ttorque out to high speeds.Bipolar Series uses the full coil so it gives very good low speed torque. But because of the high inductance, the torque drops off rapidly.Bipolar Parallel also uses the full coil so it gives good low speed performance. And its low inductance allows the torque to be held out to high speeds. But remember, must increase current by 40% to get those advantages.

Image Notes1. 3Nm double shaft stepper motors


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Step 7:Electronic components - motor controlerThe stepper motor driver used is a unipolar 4 axis driver for 5A/phase motors, the input power is 20-40V DC (local shop). Cost:82.5$

Electrical propertiesInput Power 20-40V DC

Stepper motor drive current 1.5A - 5A/phaseCompatible Stepper motors 2 or 4 phase, 6 or 8 lead stepper motors, 5A max.Dimensions 18 x 12 x 6 cm (L x W x H)

This board allows you to control 4 stepper motors, as well as receive input from two limit switches/ motor and from an emergency stop button and has a relay spindleinterface for spindle motors.


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Image Notes

1. Power input2. Relay spindle interface - used to start and stop the spindle with the cnc softvare3. Parallel port - to connect your CNC to the PC4. Motor connections5. Homing limit switches

Step 8:Power supply componentsThe power source contains one 600W toroidal transformer (cost: 76.6$), one 50Amps rectifying bridge (cost:1.9$) and one 20000F capacitor(cost:7.99$).

Total cost: 86.49$

Image Notes1. 600W toroidal transformer2. 50Amps rectifying bridge3. 20000F capacitor4. 20A Fuse


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Step 11:Electrical wiring - Motor controllerAn 8-lead stepper is like a unipolar stepper, but the leads are not joined to common internally to the motor. This kind of motor can be wired in several configurations:

- Unipolar.- Bipolar with series windings. This gives higher inductance but lower current per winding.- Bipolar with parallel windings. This requires higher current but can perform better as the winding inductance is reduced.- Bipolar with a single winding per phase. This method will run the motor on only half the available windings, which will reduce the available low speed torque but requ

less current.

The motors are unipolar motors so you will need to run 5 wires from a motor controller to each motor. The two so called common wires from the motor controller areconnected to the four (red, green, yellow and black) wires motor, making a thick common wire.

Image Notes1. The two common wires from the driver board are connect to the common wiresfrom the motor.

Image Notes1. This is the wire connection supported by my motor controller.


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Image Notes1. E-stop input.2. Y motor output3. Z limit switches4. 4th motor output

Image Notes1. Power supply input (20-40VDC)2. X motor outpot3. X limit switches4. Z motor output5. Z limit switches

Image Notes1. Controller outputs

Image Notes1. X motor wires

Step 12:Testing the stepper motors

In this test i tried to connect the motor with a serial cable but it was to thin for the current that was passing it so it was heating very fast. But the connections were goodI just replaced the cables back with thicker ones, as you seen d in the previous steps.
http://www.instructables.com/id/Mini-CNC-complete-plans-and-instructions/step12/Testing-the-stepper-motors/


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Image Notes1. Here you can see that I wanted to use a serial cable to connect the motors butthe wires of the cable were to thin and they were heating up.

Step 13:Machining mechanical components - Aluminum profilesBefore mounting all the parts well need to make some machining to the aluminum parts.

The drawings that show you how to modify this parts are in dxf and pdf format so feel free to use them.

The modifications that you`ll have to make must be done on a milling machine and not by hand. You will have to make some holes thru which screws and trapezoidal screws cross (X Base, Y side parts, Z parts), some 5 mm deep holes in which the precision steel shafts are centered, some 5 mm deep holes in which the trapezoidallead screws end bearings stand (X Base, Y side parts, Z parts). You will also need to make 3 holes in the Y cross section, two of them for the linear ball bearings and in center for the trapezoidal nut. In the two pieces of X Y carriage profiles you will have to make 5 pockets in witch will sit tight the 16mm linear ball bearings and a

trapezoidal nut.

The machining of these parts was made in a local workshop on an old Conventional 3-axis vertical milling machine.

Image Notes1. Drill a hole so the linear bearings will fit in tight. Also the holes must be in thesame plane and collinear.2. Pocket hole for the trapezoidal nut


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Image Notes1. Lead screw end machined for 6000 ZZ bearing.

Image Notes1. Shaft support holes deep of 5mm and a hole for the screw that fixes the shaft tthe aluminum profile.2. Bearing support hole and a hole hole the motor shaft.

File Downloads

Z Part.dxf(647 KB)[NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'Z Part.dxf']

X Y carriage.dxf(941 KB)[NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'X Y carriage.dxf']

Y cross.dxf(598 KB)[NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'Y cross.dxf']

Y side parts.dxf(850 KB)[NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'Y side parts.dxf']

X Base.dxf(779 KB)[NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'X Base.dxf']

z_part.pdf(214 KB)[NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'z_part.pdf']

xy_and_yz_carriage.pdf(307 KB)[NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'xy_and_yz_carriage.pdf']

y_cross.pdf(185 KB)

[NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'y_cross.pdf']

y_side_parts.pdf(290 KB)[NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'y_side_parts.pdf']

x_base.pdf(259 KB)[NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'x_base.pdf']
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Step 14:Machining mechanical components - Linear shafts

For the precision steel shafts you will have to make some end screw holes so you can f ix them on the aluminum profiles frames. It will be indicated that you make thathole on a lathe., because it will be centered and coaxial with the shaft.

Image Notes1. Drill hole so you ca fix the shafts to the frame.

File Downloads

Shafts and threaded rod.dxf(4 MB)[NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'Shafts and threaded rod.dxf']

shafts_and_threaded_rod.pdf(1 MB)[NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'shafts_and_threaded_rod.pdf']

Step 15:Machining mechanical components - Trapezoidal lead screws and nutsThe next step will be to machine the ends of the trapezoidal lead screws so you can mount the bearings. This will also need a lathe to make the ends more accurateso that the bearings wont be moving in all directions.

The trapezoidal nuts were made from scratch, out of POM or Polyoxymethylene that is "an engineering thermoplastic used in precision parts that require high stiffness

low friction and excellent dimensional stability"There are two types of 16mm trapezoidal nuts, first one has 32 mm outer diameter and 32mm in length (one piece) and the second one has 24mm outer diameter andin length.

File Downloads

Shafts and threaded rod.dxf(4 MB)
http://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FAA/5VMJ/GLFUDCIE/FAA5VMJGLFUDCIE.dxf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FAA/5VMJ/GLFUDCIE/FAA5VMJGLFUDCIE.dxf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FNV/VOH8/GLFUDLZU/FNVVOH8GLFUDLZU.pdf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FNV/VOH8/GLFUDLZU/FNVVOH8GLFUDLZU.pdf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FNV/VOH8/GLFUDLZU/FNVVOH8GLFUDLZU.pdf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FNV/VOH8/GLFUDLZU/FNVVOH8GLFUDLZU.pdf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FAA/5VMJ/GLFUDCIE/FAA5VMJGLFUDCIE.dxf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FAA/5VMJ/GLFUDCIE/FAA5VMJGLFUDCIE.dxf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FAA/5VMJ/GLFUDCIE/FAA5VMJGLFUDCIE.dxf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FAA/5VMJ/GLFUDCIE/FAA5VMJGLFUDCIE.dxf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=files


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Shafts and threaded rod.dxf(4 MB)[NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'Shafts and threaded rod.dxf']

shafts_and_threaded_rod.pdf(1 MB)[NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'shafts_and_threaded_rod.pdf']

Step 16:Machining mechanical components - Ball bushing supportsFinally the last component that you will have to make is the X ball bearing support.You will need two pieces , one for each part of the X axis.You should do it on a 3 axis milling machine.

All the machining operations were made in a local workshop and the total cost for them was 117$.

File Downloads

Ball bearing suport.dxf(329 KB)[NOTE: When saving, if you see .tmp as the file ext, rename it to 'Ball bearing suport.dxf']

Step 17:Mechanical assembly - Z axisFor this axis you will need:

- 1 piece of 120x120x30 aluminum profile

- 2 pieces of 120x60x30 aluminum profiles

- 2 pieces of 16 by 300mm long precision steel shafts

- 4 pieces of 16mm (26 outer diameter) ball bearings/bushings

- 1piece of 16 by 357mm long trapezoidal lead screw

- 2 pieces of 6000zz ball bearings

- 1 piece of 16 by 24mm outer diameter and 24mm long trapezoidal nut

- 4 pieces of M5x40mm screw

Now will mount the ball bushings in all 4x26mm holes of the aluminum profile them will mount the trapezoidal nut in to the 24mm hole. Next mount the trapezoidal screw in to the trapezoidal nut and then mount the 2 pieces of 6000zz ball bearings in to the 26mm hole of the 120x60x30 aluminum profile. Insert the 2 shafts into tball bushings and then mount the 2 pieces of aluminum profiles at each end of the shafts and trapezoidal screw.

The last operation is to mount the screws in to the shafts hole to fix the whole assembly.
http://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FEV/DZK1/GLFUDDKK/FEVDZK1GLFUDDKK.dxf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FEV/DZK1/GLFUDDKK/FEVDZK1GLFUDDKK.dxf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FEV/DZK1/GLFUDDKK/FEVDZK1GLFUDDKK.dxf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FEV/DZK1/GLFUDDKK/FEVDZK1GLFUDDKK.dxf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FNV/VOH8/GLFUDLZU/FNVVOH8GLFUDLZU.pdf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FNV/VOH8/GLFUDLZU/FNVVOH8GLFUDLZU.pdf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FNV/VOH8/GLFUDLZU/FNVVOH8GLFUDLZU.pdf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FNV/VOH8/GLFUDLZU/FNVVOH8GLFUDLZU.pdf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FAA/5VMJ/GLFUDCIE/FAA5VMJGLFUDCIE.dxf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FAA/5VMJ/GLFUDCIE/FAA5VMJGLFUDCIE.dxf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=fileshttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FAA/5VMJ/GLFUDCIE/FAA5VMJGLFUDCIE.dxf?utm_source=pdf&utm_campaign=files


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Step 18:Mechanical assembly - X axisFor this axis you will need:



- 2 pieces of 20 by 600mm long precision steel shafts- 4 pieces of 20mm (32 outer diameter) ball bearings/bushings




- 2 pieces of ball bushing supports (see drawing)

- 4 pieces of M5x40mm screws

- 2 pieces of M5x60mm screws (for the ball bushing supports)

For start mount the ball bushings in the 2x32 holes of the 380x60x30 aluminum profile and then the trapezoidal nut in the 32 hole from the middle of the aluminumprofile.

Mount the 2 pieces of 6000zz ball bearings in the 2x26 holes of each 400x120x30 aluminum profiles and 2 pieces of 20mm ball bushings in to each ball bushingsupports.

Now insert the shafts in the mounted ball bushings and the trapezoidal screw in the trapezoidal nut and then mount the 2 pieces of 400x120x30 aluminum profiles at eend of shafts and trapezoidal screw.

Fix the shafts on to the 400x120x30 aluminum profiles with the 4 pieces of M5x40mm screws.


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Step 19:Mechanical assembly - Y axisFor this axis you will need:



- 2 pieces of 16 by 390mm long precision steel shafts

- 4 pieces of 16mm (26 outer diameter) ball bearings/bushings




- 4 pieces of M5x40mm screws

The first thing you`ll have to do is to mount all the 16mm ball bushings and the 16mm by 24mm trapezoidal nut in the 120x120x30 aluminum profile like in step 6 then insert the shafts in the mounted ball bushings and the trapezoidal lead screw in the trapezoidal nut.

Mount the 2 pieces of the 6000zz ball bearings in the 26 hole of each 400x120x30 aluminum profiles.

Next mount the 400x120x30 aluminum profiles at each end of the shafts and fix them together with the 4 pieces of M5x40mm screws.


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Step 20:Mounting all the axis togetherNow will have to mount all the axis together to complete the mechanical assembly.

First mount the Y axis on to the X axis by fixing together the 2 pieces of 400x120x30 aluminum profiles with the 380x60x30 aluminum profile and the 2 pieces of ballbushing supports.

Next fix together the Y axis with the Z axis by mounting the 120x120x30 aluminum profile of the Z axis over the 120x120x30 aluminum profile of the Y axis but at a angof 90.


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Step 21:Mounting the motorsNow will have to mount the stepper motors on to the CNC machine, but first we need to make some motor supports.

I used a threaded rod and I cut it in smaller pieces to make the support for the motor. Over the pieces of threaded rod I have put some smaller tubes of aluminum thaact as spacers between the motor and the CNC frame.

Now mount at one end of the rod, a nut, and place the rod with the nut in to the 4 mounting holes of the motor.

Between the motor and the lead screw I have put a rubber hose and over it two hose clamps that will act as a coupler.

Now over the rod put the aluminum spacers and mount the motor on the frame with the rods in to the 4 holes in the frame.

Repeat this for all the 3 motors.

Image Notes1. Threaded rod2. Aluminum spacers


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Step 22:Mounting the cable suportsI have made the cable supports from U shaped aluminum profile and two steel corner braces.For the X axis I cut the profile to the required length and mounted the two steel corner braces at each end of the profile.After I mounted the steel corner brace onto the profile I mounted the cable support on the CNC machine with 4 screws ant 4 t-nuts.

Same goes for the Y axis only there I did not used steel corner braces, I just mounted the profi le on the CNC with two screws and two T-nuts.


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Step 23:Motor wire conectionsAs I was saying at step 11, we will use a unipolar wire configuration, this means that will have 5 wires.Now the 8 wires that the motor has are:First coil - A is yellow/white and it is the start of coil, neg A is yellow and is the end of coil;Second coil - neg C is red and is the start of coil, C is red/white and is the end of coil;Third coil - B is green/white and is the start of coil, neg B is green and is the end of coil;Fourth coil - neg D is black and is the start of coil, D is black/white and is the end of coil.

Now to make 5 wires from 8 wires will have to connect all the neg wires between them and make a single wire.

Now we have 5 wires that we can connect to the controller driver board.

The cable wires between the motors and the controller are 1.5mm thick so that they wont heat up.When you connect two cables, solder them together because the connection is stronger and insulate them with shrinkable plastic tube.

Image Notes

1. shrink tube


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Image Notes1. Soldering will resist in time

Step 24:Limit switchesHome switch is for mechanically setting the machine's reference position when you power it up.

Also the limit switches are used to prevent you running the table either off the end of the ball screw or into the ball screw bearing housings.

As you can see i have mounted the Z axis limit switches right on to the aluminum part using two drilled holes and threading them.The Z axis hast two limit switches, one for going up and one for going down. The two limit switches are connected in series and then connected to the controller thru aserial cable.

The Y limit switches needed some extra support so I had to make 2 supports from a piece of aluminum.The X limit switches are mounted on the X axis cable suport.


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Image Notes1. Z lower limit switch

Image Notes1. Connected Z axis limit switch

Image Notes1. Thread for the support of Y axis limit switch


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Image Notes Image Notes


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1. Mounted Y limit switch 1. Y1 limit switch2. Y2 limit switch

Image Notes1. X limit switch

Image Notes1. X2 limit switch

Image Notes1. Limit switch connector


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Step 25:CNC Software configurationNow in ordertoputintooperation and start cutting and drilling with this CNC machine we have to configure the CNC software ( in my case Mach3)

First of all I will set the native units to mm, because I am using the metric coordinates.

Next will have to configure the motor outputs from the ports and pins menu. As you can see I have entered the corresponding pin number for every motor step and dirThis information comes with the controller driver board.

Now that we have the pins configured we have to configure the limit switches inputs and the input of the E-stop. This information also comes with the controller driverboard.

After configuring all the pins we have to setup the motors. Access the Motor tuning menu under Config menu and fill the steps /mm box with how many steps must yomotor to turn so that your gantry moves 1mm (mine dose 50 spets/mm because my lead screw has a pitch of 4mm and my stepper motors have 200 steps/ rev, so wthe gantry moves 4mm the motor makes 200steps and for 1mm it makes 50steps).

Now will adjust the velocity of the gantry (I set it to 1000mm/min for now) and the acceleration to 50mm/sec/sec.

The last images shows how to configure your hot keys and how to configure your soft limits for each axis.


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Step 26:Testing the Mini CNC machineAnd finally the last step, testing the CNC machine.

In this test I used some V shape bits and a cylindrical bit. I am still waiting for some good bits to do some real cutting.

Enjoy.

Here i used a 5mm cylindrical bit.

And here a v shape bit
http://www.instructables.com/id/Mini-CNC-complete-plans-and-instructions/step26/Testing-the-Mini-CNC-machine/http://www.instructables.com/id/Mini-CNC-complete-plans-and-instructions/step26/Testing-the-Mini-CNC-machine/http://www.instructables.com/id/Mini-CNC-complete-plans-and-instructions/step26/Testing-the-Mini-CNC-machine/


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Comments

42 comments Add Comment

kenyersays: Oct 12, 2011. 3:57 PM REP

Grosav!I like your project. You are one of the few that explain the software-part. Mach3 is rather expensive though. (546 lei and I'm still counting in old lei so than ieven more expensive :P 5.460.000) Do you know of any free or cheap cnc-software?

mgimbelsays: Aug 2, 2011. 9:24 PM REPdid you really have to use such big steppers, I mean for a lot less you could have got weaker steppers that are better suited for this task. I dont think you'llever use their 425 oz. capacity

erick3525says: Sep 23, 2011. 5:38 AM REPFirst of all, nicely done! As for the stepper sizing, they will only really be oversized if the power supply and driver are not capable of meeting theirpotential or they are capable of damaging the machine. If all of the electronics are well matched and the machine is free of binding and so forth, largermotors will allow much higher feed speeds to be attained reliably, especially while cutting. Materials that the builder is most likely to intend to mill out wthis machine will be able to be be cut at high feed rates.

skukadiasays: Jul 22, 2011. 3:56 AM REPDear Berbefarac,Great Instructables...Congrats for that...Please guide me other option for alluminium profile...as i am not able to get it in India...

Also guide me for making machine heavy duty...as i want to use this machine for milling on metal plates of MS-mild steel or SS-stainless steel...Is it possible?Please guide me for the same....

skukadiasays: Jul 22, 2011. 3:53 AM REPHey I am not able to get Alluminium profile here in India...what can be other option, can i make it from SS-304(Stainless Steel)?I want to make this machine more heavy for heavy duty milling so that i can use it with milling on metal work of Mild stell/ Stainless Stell, how it can bepossible?
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jsosa3says: Jul 14, 2011. 7:11 PM REPwhere can I find the pipes and threaded rods? how would I cut them?

UOSsays: Jun 29, 2011. 6:14 AM REPThanks for this awesome step by step instructions : )

vmodssays: Mar 31, 2011. 7:47 AM REPOne board does it all?

www.pickit.ro?

Too bad the rest of us can't get this board.

berbefaracsays: Apr 1, 2011. 1:09 PM REPYou can also find on ebay a good 4 axis stepper motor driver board at 70$-80$

stringstretchersays: Apr 3, 2011. 11:44 PM REP

This is not a very good board, I have one and changed it out to a MUCH faster one. Cheap is not good when it comes to the electronics. Don't skimthere!

Shogmicesays: May 23, 2011. 3:22 PM REPI'm looking for a 4 axis controller and don't like the above Ebay one. What would you suggest or what did you get? I 'm looking for something thawill work with Mach3, and handles all the E-stop, limits, and possibly a aux-controller. I have unipolar motors but don't mind getting new ones tomake sure they work.

I've been considering making one using micro controllers, but I'm just getting into micro controllers. Someone makes a shield for the ArduinoMega but its always sold out or they don't support it anymore.

stringstretchersays: May 30, 2011. 12:05 PM REPThe controller featured in this instructable has a very good reputation according to the posts on cnczone.com The answer to every questionyou can think of is there, and experience out the wazoo with cnc stuff. Just ask, lots of friendly folks there!

LeumasYrrepsays: May 30, 2011. 11:53 AM REPcheck out hobbycnc.com

mamodomsays: May 26, 2011. 3:11 AM REPexcelent, very inspiring

Deedersays: May 13, 2011. 9:25 PM REPYour tag in one of the boxes is 'softvare' when you writing this, im now thinking in russian accent

mayyur Dandewalesays: May 4, 2011. 9:06 AM REP

hi berbefarac good work.i was searching for this kind of machinehow can i buy it

ostrich12says: Apr 9, 2011. 6:21 AM REPThe accuracy of your engraving machine is how much? Carving of the circuit board?

jayeshshinaisays: Apr 1, 2011. 7:21 AM REP

yours motor is 3Nm...?my motor..pk245 manufactured by vexta has 0.32 Nm torque.4v.will it work?
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berbefaracsays: Apr 1, 2011. 1:18 PM REPyes you could use some weaker motors like 1Nm or 1.25Nm but when you mill some hard materials your motors could lose steps. With 0.32Nm youcould move the CNC, but you wont have enough force to mill. Maybe you could use it as an engraver if you will use a small cut depth.

jayeshshinaisays: Apr 3, 2011. 5:20 AM REPthank you farac...the price u put up is total for 3 motors?

berbefaracsays: Apr 3, 2011. 11:31 AM REPYes, all 3 motors cost 158.2$.

rapidwebsays: Mar 31, 2011. 7:06 AM REPThis is great!, but I can't find the set of plans :(

berbefaracsays: Mar 31, 2011. 2:31 PM REPThanks for the appreciation , I will try to post some new videos in the near future.You can find all the drawings in .pdf and .dxf file format in steps 13 to 16.

ovenproofsays: Apr 1, 2011. 12:41 PM REPHi, berbefarac,where did you buy the aluminuim profiles?Thanks,ovenproof

berbefaracsays: Apr 2, 2011. 1:41 PM REPThe aluminum profiles are from ITEM and are precut to desired length.

guido666says: Mar 31, 2011. 7:05 PM REPThis is a very nice build, however I think you could easily build a much larger and more powerful CNC machine for the same or sell money.

berbefaracsays: Apr 1, 2011. 1:31 PM REPI had tried to make a bigger and more cheaper CNC ( This Mini CNC is sitting on the bed of the bigger CNC that now I am using as a working table formy other projects) but it didn't work how I wanted (it wasn't precise enough or should I say it wasn't precise at all). The bigger CNC cost`d 40$ and thisone 215$.

So i can say that this mini CNC cost`d me more than 1200$ because some of the parts that I couldn't use from that bigger cnc are for now scrap(or

workbench)

I learned my lesson now and I wont do it again. If you want something good you have to pay for i t.

guido666says: Apr 1, 2011. 5:53 PM REPI should rephrase...

I agree completely that "if you want something goo you have to pay for it ", but paying a lot for something does not mean it is good [or better].

The project could have been completed much cheaper, I think, with only some minor differences in design choice.

That's good for others, because I think they can take your design and improve on it, and I bet they can build a similarly well functioning machine for2/3 the price (around $800, maybe).

guido666says: Apr 1, 2011. 5:48 PM REPI agree completely that "if you want something good you have to pay for it". I'm just not sure where all your cost went.

My first machine used 425 oz-in motors, had a 20"x40" working area, had a 1HP trim router, and had about 0.001"-0.002" accuracy. It cost under$1000 to build, including the router but not including the Mach3 license or any tools (e.g. drill bits) needed to construct it. It used cheap threaded rofor locomotion, so accuracy could have been improved by using ACME precision screws (probably another $100-$150).

I think you spent a lot of extra money on aluminum and deluxe metal hardware, that was unnecessary. For example, I kept costs low by buying nutsand bolts in bulk, from local "tractor supply" store, and paid only about $20 for all of it. I also used inexpensive inline rollerskate bearings, which cos$4 for 10.

I do think your machine is probably much easier to build than mine was, but at a significant increase in price (especially considering yours is lesspowerful, has a smaller spindle, and a smaller workspace).
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alexsparrowsays: Mar 31, 2011. 7:11 PM REPOh my glob, drama bomb, you should try using less than $1200 to make this

cristi.crizsays: Mar 31, 2011. 3:41 PM REPlook very good your CNC i liked it very muchwell done

you are from Romania?

ovenproofsays: Mar 31, 2011. 11:51 AM REP

HI,are you thinking to provide a kit for all the mechanical parts?

Hands Without Shadowssays: Mar 31, 2011. 11:43 AM REPIf you are building your f irst CNC anything, read up on opto-isolation and how it will save you a new computer and motor controller when you inevitablyconnect something wrong.

kd8gbysays: Mar 31, 2011. 9:11 AM REPGreat design. Thanks for the Instructable :). What is the smallest motor that you could use to drive a frame like this. I would like to be able to control it with arduino and grbl, but the only motor controller that I can find that is somewhat affordable can only drive nema17 motors. Using a dremel would these beenough to drive a frame like this or would I need larger motors?

Don H.says: Mar 31, 2011. 7:24 AM REPWait, how much is the total cost? 19$? No way.

jdukelowsays: Mar 31, 2011. 7:51 AM REP$1200, not $19

elabzsays: Mar 31, 2011. 8:47 AM REP

Nice looking build!

I think the large portion of the cost comes from "making parts in a local workshop" as the author describes it. As an alternative, most of the parts thaneeded to be manufactured (pillow blocks, rails, supports, worm screws etc.) are available online as surplus or from far away places like China. Ifyou're ready to wait (and then clean all the sand/dirt off the linear bearings which is what I had to do), you can get it done for much less than$1200.19Additionally, aluminum profile is available from surplus stores such as "80/20 Inc." on eekbay relativelyinexpensively.Also, a freeEMC2 software can be used instead of paid Mach3 to shave off some more costs.Anyways, the point is, these days $1200 for a CNC router of this size sounds a bit expensive but don't let the price discourage you - you can build ifor (much) less if you get creative with sourcing the materials.

adamvan2000says: Mar 31, 2011. 8:33 AM REPNow that you've got this nice DIY CNC machine, you could add a small length of hose or tubing attached to a shop vac or some other vac system and suckaway the dust generated while milling. It would help keep the bit clear as well as the workpiece. Awesome job on the machine itself!

~adamvan2000

MekkMansays: Mar 31, 2011. 7:56 AM REPSince the Al is so expensive, wouldn't 1/8 steel with the odd bit of reinforcing angle iron be a good substitute? It's no more difficult to work with - if one has drill press.

F22-Raptorsays: Mar 22, 2011. 1:32 PM REPGreat Instructable.

Congrats from a fellow countryman.

Let us know if we can buy the controller board online. At 80+ bucks is not bad at all.

D.

PS Voted for the contest.

matthew gowansays: Mar 20, 2011. 3:37 PM REPWhat feed rates can you achieve with this?
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berbefaracsays: Mar 21, 2011. 1:10 AM REPAs I said in step1, the maximum milling speed on X an Y axis is 2400mm/min. and on Z axis is 1800mm/min.
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