INTELLIGENT HELMET FOR COAL MINER

A MINI PROJECT ON

INTELLIGENT HELMET FOR COAL MINERINELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

BYM.MAMTHA (11TKIAO494)K.SWATHI (11TK1A0483)D.SUMANTH (11TK1AO4B2)M.RAJKUMAR (11TK1A04A1) Under the Esteemed guidance ofMr.B.ASHOK (M.Tech) ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

SCOPE OF THIS PRESENTATION This presentation gives a analytical approach to design systems for underground mining and also a brief view on the parameters to be considered while designing such systems. This presentation is based on prototype module designed for implementing a specific operation and also based under some typical constraints. so this no way says that this is what only topology must be followed during designs.Components used here are typically chosen for a specific kind of inputs given to the them .and one may choose other own similar components which opt for their application

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION2. BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION3. HARDWARE COMOPONENTS4. SOFTWARE USED5. ADVANTAGES6. APPLICATIONS 7. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

INTRODUCTIONUnderground mining is inherently dangerous and its safety monitoring is a complex, interdisciplinary research area which spans several decades. In China, almost one third of the local mine fatalities are caused by inadequate temperature changes. Therefore, the essential function of mine safety monitoring system is to monitor the weather of the working place of miners timely.EMBEDDED SYSTEM

An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints.

AIM &OBJECTIVEThe project INTELLIGENT HELMET FOR COAL MINER indicates that this is a powerful tool to be possessed by a miner for a safe mining .

This prototype module uses two sensors to sense gas and temperature variations in a coal mine. And these sensors play an important role in alarming miner about different gases &temperature intensities in a mine

MUXSensor1Sensor2ADCMicroControllerMax232PCRS232BuzzerBLOCK DIAGRAMHARDWARE COMPONENTSMicrocontroller(AT89S52)Power supplyCo-sensor(MQ-2)Temperature sensor(LM35)ADC Buzzers

1.MICROCONTROLLER A microcontroller is a general purpose device, but that is meant to read data, perform limited calculations on that data and control its environment based on those calculations.The prime use of a microcontroller is to control the operation of a machine using a fixed program that is stored in ROM and that does not change over the lifetime of the systemThree criteria in Choosing a Microcontroller1.Meeting the computing needs of the task efficiently and cost effectively2. Speed, the amount of ROM and RAM, the number of I/O ports and also size, power consumption ,packaging3. Availability of software development tools assemblers, debuggers, C compilers, emulators and technical support.

Pin Description of the 8051

Gas sensor(mq-2) MQ-2 gas sensor has high sensitivity to LPG, Propane and Hydrogen, also could be used to methane and other combustible steam, it is with low cost and suitable for different application.

External diagram of Mq-2 gas sensorFeatures of mq-2 gas sensor Wide detecting scope Fast response and high sensitivity Long life and low cost Simple drive circuit High input impedancePortable gas detector

configuration and working of mq-2When a gas interacts with this sensor, it first ionizes in to its constituents and is then adsorbed by sensing element. Adsorbtion creates a potential difference on the element which is conveyed to the processor unitAs per pin configuration of mq-2 connect VCC to 5 V, GND to ground, and OUT to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The board has two pairs through-hole pins for the required sensitivity-selecting resistor RL across GND and OUT. The resistance of RL should be calculated using the datasheet for your particular gas sensor. The MQ gas sensors have no polarity.

TEMPERATURE SENSOR(LM35) Lm35 is a precision ic temperature sensor with its output proportional to the temperature (in c). the sensor circuitry is sealed and therefore it is not subjected to oxidation and other processes. with lm35, temperature can be measured more accurately than with a thermistor. it also possess low self heating and does not cause more than 0.1 c temperature rise in still air. The lm35 does not require any external calibration or trimming and maintains an accuracy of +/-0.4 c at room temperature and +/- 0.8c over a range of 0 to +100 c another important characteristic of the lm35dz is that it draws only 60 micro amps from its supply and possesses a low self-heating capability. the sensor self-heating causes less than 0.1c Features of lm35 temperature sensorRated for full 55 to +150c rangeCalibrated directly in Celsius (centigrade)Less than 60ma current drain.Low self-heating, 0.08c in still airLow output impedance , 0.1 for 1 ma load0.5c accuracy guarantable

POWER SUPPLY

5V DC 230 V AC 50 Hz12V step down transformerBridge rectifierFilter(470f)5v RegulatorFor giving a input to microcontroller, i.e., external +5v of voltage we use this power supply, by considering step_down transformer, rectifier, filter and regulator for perfect 5v ADCAn ADC inputs an analog electrical signal such as voltage or current and outputs a binary number. In block diagram form, it can be represented as is

RESULTSCONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPEThus in this system can detect concentration of the gas, temperature, humidity, wind speed and trace the location of miners in underground mine tunnels. wireless sensor networks applied in monitoring coal mine security breaks through the traditional methods and ideas, which improves the practical ability and flexibility of monitoring systemThis system not only can monitor all kinds of parameters under the coal mine, but also can alarm automatically when environment parameters are abnormal to exceed the limitation, which help improve the level of monitoring safety production and reduce accident in the coalmine. SOPFTWARES USED

EMBEDDED CKEIL SOFTWAREAT COMMANDS

EXECUTIVES MIGTH MAKE THE FINAL DECISIONS ABOUT WHAT WOULD BE PRODUCED.BUT ENGINEERS WOULD PROVIDE MOST OF THE IDEAS FOR NEW PRODUCTS.SO BE AS AN ENGINEER FOREEVERText

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