MINING INDUSTR

YBY

HIMANSHI SYAL130423357

DEFINING MINING Extraction of valuable minerals

from the earth or an ore body which gives economic interest to the miner.

Ores recovered include metals, coals, potash, gravel , clay etc.

Extraction of any non renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas or even water.

WHY MINING? Required to obtain any material that cannot be grown through agriculture processes or created artificially in a lab or factory

India produces as many as 87 minerals :- 10 metallic , 47 non metallic , 3 atomic 23 minor minerals and 4 fuel.

HISTORY Dates back to 1774 when English

company was granted permission by the EAST INDIA COMPANY for mining coal in Raniganj.

1880 :- M/s John Taylor $ sons Ltd. Started gold mining in KOLAR GOLD FIELDS in Karnataka.

First ever oil well in the world was drilled in Digboi, ASSAM in 1866

MINING IN INDIA Characterized by a large no. of small

operational mines. Employ 700,000 individual.

Major economic activity which contributes around 10 -11 % of the GDP

2076 mines were reported in the year of 2012.

India is famous for scandals, human rights violations and environmental pollution.

Largest producer of Sheet mica, 3rd largest iron and 5th largest of Bauxite

MAJOR AREAS SUBJECT TO ILLEGAL MINING

Bellary in Karnataka Jahria in Jharkhand Aravalli ranges – Western ghats Alwar district in Rajasthan Goa Angul district in Orissa Raniganj in West Bengal Morena district in Madhya Pradesh

FORMS OF MINING

SURFACE MINING

SUB SURFACE MINING

•

SURFACE MINING Mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit are removed.

Involves use of heavy equipment such as earth movers , dragline excavators.

Divides into :- OPEN PIT MINING and PLACER MINING

MINING AND ENVIRONMENT

ON LANDDeforestation

Pollution

ON WATER

Pollution

Loss of aquatic life

River dredging

KARNATKA MINING SCAM

REDDY BROTHERS

KARNATKA MINING SCAM Sought the resignation of then CM BS

Yeddurappa Found that 35 lakh tonnes of ore

were illegally exported without paying a rupee of royalty to the exchequer, resulting in a loss of about Rs. 16,085 crores

Illegal ore mining and export Scam in the state estimated of 60,000 crore

People involved :- G Janardhan Reddy , HD kumaraswamy (former CM) , Anil Lad ( Congress Rajya sabha MP)

WHY IT HAPPENED? Rising global iron-ore prices driven by

Chinese demand brought focus to the iron ore rich Bellary region of Karnataka.

This iron ore is alleged to have been illegally mined after paying a minuscule royalty to the government.

The major regularities involve mines in Bellary, including those of Obulapuram Mining Company owned by Reddy bro.

ILLEGAL ASPECTS

Collusion of officials and politicians in permitting illegal

mining

Underpayment of royalties to state

Environmental damage

OUTCOMES Karnataka govt. accepts the

Lokayukta Report to illegal mining.

Lokayukta Report indicated 687 officials hands on in gone with mining barons.

Action was initiated against 187 “corrupt officials”

More than 30 kg of gold and Rs 1.5 crore in cash was found by the CBI in a raid, that led to the arrest and imprisonment of powerful former Karnataka BJP minister Gali Janardhan Reddy.

Former Karnataka minister G Janardhana Reddy taken to Chanchalguda central prison in Hyderabad on 5 sep 2011by the CBI

COAL-GATE• 1.87 lakh Crore

Rupees• Biggest scam in India

by now• Report authenticated

by Comptroller and Auditor General of India

WHAT IT

IS!

What is the coal scam? A question many of you would have.

Simply put it is a corruption scandal where-in the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) office has accused the Government of India for providing the nation's coal deposits to private and state-run entities in an irregular and arbitrary manner instead of publicly auctioning them off to the highest bidder (as is usually done for such entities), resulting in a loss of approximately 186,000 crore (US$33.67 billion) to the exchequer during the period 2004-2009.

‘WHO’ IS RESPONSIBLE?The Comptroller and Auditor General of India puts the Coal Ministry and the government, particularly the PMO’s office during the period 2004-2009 The coal ministry at the time was headed by the PM Dr. Manmohan Singh

ILLEGAL MINING AND STONE CRUSHING

Illegal mining in the Ganges river bed for stones

and sand for construction work has been a long

problem in Haridwar districtThis is despite the fact that quarrying has been banned in Kumbh Mela area zone covering 140 square km On june 14, Swami Nigamanada(34-year old monk) who was fasting since February19, 2011 against illegal mining and stone crushing along the Ganges near Haridwar, died @ Himalayan hospital in Jollygrant in Dehradun, after alleged poisoning by stone-crushing mafia.

MINING MAFIA Amit Jethava, an RTI and environment

activist in Junagadh had filed a PIL before the Gujarat high court against the unprecedented illegal mining in the Geer lion sanctuary and forest area. In a few days after filing the PIL, Jethava was shot dead by anonymous assailants.

In November 2011, a social activist, sister Valsa, was murdered in Pakur district of Jharkhand and the finger of suspicion was pointed at the powerful coal mafia.

CASE STUDY OF SUKINDA VALLEY

Mining of chromate ore 260,0000people affected. Due to open pitmining the Brahmni river got

pollutedby hexavalent chromium According

toOVHA about 24.47% of the

inhabitantfound to be suffering pollutioninduced disease in that area.

WATER OF BRAHMANI RIVER

THANK YOU