Mining, Ranching & Mining, Ranching & FarmingFarming

Ch.7, Section 3Ch.7, Section 3

MiningMining Largest findsLargest finds

Comstock Load = $400m. in gold and Comstock Load = $400m. in gold and silversilver

Homestake Mine = +1billion worth in oreHomestake Mine = +1billion worth in ore Types of miningTypes of mining

Shallow pan & streambedShallow pan & streambed Placer miningPlacer mining Drills, Hydraulic Pumps, and…Drills, Hydraulic Pumps, and…

DY-NO-MITE!DY-NO-MITE!

Placer MiningPlacer MiningPlacer MiningPlacer Mining

Hard Hard Rock Rock

MiningMining

Hard Hard Rock Rock

MiningMining

Cattle BoomCattle Boom Beef becomes the “new” meat choice after Beef becomes the “new” meat choice after

cookbooks dub pork as “unwholesome”cookbooks dub pork as “unwholesome” Cattle ranching became possible when Cattle ranching became possible when

Indians and buffalo were removedIndians and buffalo were removed ““Cow Towns”: town built specifically for Cow Towns”: town built specifically for

receiving cattlereceiving cattle From Kansas, railroads carried cattle to From Kansas, railroads carried cattle to

cities of the East (Cattle bought by herders cities of the East (Cattle bought by herders for $7 each, sold for $60-70 at railheads)for $7 each, sold for $60-70 at railheads) Abilene, Kansas Abilene, Kansas CheyenneCheyenne Dodge CityDodge City

Little violence in Little violence in cowtowns-only 5 or 6 cowtowns-only 5 or 6

murders a yearmurders a year

Little violence in Little violence in cowtowns-only 5 or 6 cowtowns-only 5 or 6

murders a yearmurders a year

A Cowboy’s LifeA Cowboy’s Life

Chisholm Trail: Texas – Ft. Worth – Chisholm Trail: Texas – Ft. Worth – Red River – Indian Territory – KansasRed River – Indian Territory – Kansas

Americans, Indians & ImmigrantsAmericans, Indians & Immigrants African Americans and Mexicans African Americans and Mexicans

(vaqueros)(vaqueros) Trail Names – Ex. “Busted Snoot Johnny” Trail Names – Ex. “Busted Snoot Johnny”

& “Teddy Blue”& “Teddy Blue” The Long Drive: herding thousands of The Long Drive: herding thousands of

cattle to railway centers (both boring cattle to railway centers (both boring and tense at the same time)and tense at the same time)

Joseph G. Joseph G. McCoy McCoy started started Cattle Cattle

Drives in Drives in 18671867

Texas Texas LonghornLonghorns driven s driven

to to railheads railheads in Kansasin Kansas

The Cowboy Mastercard AdThe Cowboy Mastercard Ad

No-frills cowboy outfit cost $77No-frills cowboy outfit cost $77 Pony, $25Pony, $25 Leggings, $5Leggings, $5 Saddle, $25Saddle, $25 Saddle Blankets, $5Saddle Blankets, $5 Spurs, bridle, and rope, $5Spurs, bridle, and rope, $5 Revolver, $12Revolver, $12 Being in the saddle for 18 hrs. a day, Being in the saddle for 18 hrs. a day,

pricelesspriceless

Cattle BaronsCattle Barons

Charles Goodnight & Oliver Charles Goodnight & Oliver LovingLoving Success depended on ownership of Success depended on ownership of

water sources and plenty of landwater sources and plenty of land Owned +100,000 heads of cattleOwned +100,000 heads of cattle Goodnight-Loving Trail ran from Goodnight-Loving Trail ran from

Palo Duro Canyon to Cheyenne, Palo Duro Canyon to Cheyenne, WyomingWyoming

HomesteadersHomesteaders

Farmed claims under the Homestead Farmed claims under the Homestead ActAct

Homes “Soddies”: sod home; structure Homes “Soddies”: sod home; structure w/walls and roof made of blocks of sodw/walls and roof made of blocks of sod

Sodbusting – backbreaking laborSodbusting – backbreaking labor Could cost up to $1,000 to create a Could cost up to $1,000 to create a

livable homesteadlivable homestead Settlers relied heavily on each other, Settlers relied heavily on each other,

for support, supplies, and socializationfor support, supplies, and socialization

SodbustersSodbustersSodbustersSodbusters

Timber so scarce, homes Timber so scarce, homes built of sodbuilt of sod

Timber so scarce, homes Timber so scarce, homes built of sodbuilt of sod

Battle of the SexesBattle of the Sexes Men’s workMen’s work: sodbusting, planted, hoed, : sodbusting, planted, hoed,

harvested (very labor-intensive work)harvested (very labor-intensive work) Women’s workWomen’s work: raised and schooled the : raised and schooled the

children, cooked, cleaned, made and children, cooked, cleaned, made and washed clothes, preserved food, raised washed clothes, preserved food, raised food crops, made soap and butter, food crops, made soap and butter, raised chickens, milked the cows, spun raised chickens, milked the cows, spun wool for sale, and managed the moneywool for sale, and managed the money

New Farming TechnologyNew Farming Technology Mechanized Reaper, Barbed Wire, Dry Mechanized Reaper, Barbed Wire, Dry

Farming, Steel PlowFarming, Steel Plow, Harrow, Steel , Harrow, Steel Windmill, Windmill, Hybridization, Improved Hybridization, Improved CommunicationCommunication, Grain Drill, Grain Drill

New machines saved time and effortNew machines saved time and effort New machines and techniques increased New machines and techniques increased

farm outputfarm output Bonanza Farms: operations controlled by Bonanza Farms: operations controlled by

large businesses, managed by large businesses, managed by professionals, raised massive quantities professionals, raised massive quantities of a cash cropof a cash crop

FarmingFarming

Barbed Barbed wire wire

invented invented by Joseph by Joseph Glidden in Glidden in

18741874

Barbed Barbed wire wire

invented invented by Joseph by Joseph Glidden in Glidden in

18741874

Hand Vs. Machine Labor on the Farm, Hand Vs. Machine Labor on the Farm, 18801880

Hand Vs. Machine Labor on the Farm, Hand Vs. Machine Labor on the Farm, 18801880

Frontier Frontier MythsMyths The Open Range – In actuality, by 1890 the The Open Range – In actuality, by 1890 the

frontier had endedfrontier had ended Frederick Jackson Turner – claimed frontier Frederick Jackson Turner – claimed frontier

had played a key role in forming the had played a key role in forming the American character (he didn’t even mention American character (he didn’t even mention the massacre of Native Americans or the the massacre of Native Americans or the giving away of land)giving away of land)

Stereotypes: “American Cowboy;” Stereotypes: “American Cowboy;” romanticized image of cowboy life, no romanticized image of cowboy life, no mention of the hard life that they livedmention of the hard life that they lived

Entertainment: Dime novels, wild west show Entertainment: Dime novels, wild west show (Buffalo Bill), Plays (Oklahoma), and Western (Buffalo Bill), Plays (Oklahoma), and Western Movies (John WayneMovies (John Wayne

Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Show included Sitting West Show included Sitting

BullBull

PopulismPopulism

Ch.7, Section 4Ch.7, Section 4

Farmer’s ComplaintFarmer’s Complaint

Government rarely intervened to Government rarely intervened to stabilize nation’s economystabilize nation’s economy

Tariffs on imported goods discourage Tariffs on imported goods discourage people from buying = encourages people from buying = encourages the sale of goods produced at homethe sale of goods produced at home

ProblemProblem: This encourages American : This encourages American firms to raise their pricesfirms to raise their prices (just under (just under the imports price)the imports price)

Tariffs hurt most farmers in 2 ways:Tariffs hurt most farmers in 2 ways: Raised the price of manufactured Raised the price of manufactured

goods (Ex. farming machinery)goods (Ex. farming machinery) Manufacturing nations in Europe to Manufacturing nations in Europe to

retaliate by placing tariffs on retaliate by placing tariffs on American crops = Thus, tariffs American crops = Thus, tariffs indirectly reduced the demand for indirectly reduced the demand for American farm productsAmerican farm products

Farmers viewed tariff increases as Farmers viewed tariff increases as proof that the government favored proof that the government favored eastern manufacturers over western eastern manufacturers over western farmersfarmers

Farmers Favor InflationFarmers Favor Inflation

Inflation: when there is an Inflation: when there is an increase in the supply of money, increase in the supply of money, the value of money decreases the value of money decreases (Price goes up, value goes down)(Price goes up, value goes down)

Inflation helps farmers because it Inflation helps farmers because it raises the prices of goods they raises the prices of goods they sellsell

Organizing Farmers ProtestOrganizing Farmers Protest

The Grange – “Patrons of The Grange – “Patrons of husbandry”husbandry” Helped farmers form cooperatives, Helped farmers form cooperatives,

were able to buy goods in large were able to buy goods in large quantities at lower pricesquantities at lower prices

Pressured government to regulate Pressured government to regulate businesses that the farmers businesses that the farmers depended on (railroads and grain depended on (railroads and grain storage operators)storage operators)

Farmers’ AlliancesFarmers’ Alliances Wanted federal Wanted federal

regulation of the regulation of the railroads, more railroads, more money in money in circulation, creation circulation, creation of state of state departments of departments of agriculture, agriculture, antitrust laws, and antitrust laws, and farm creditfarm credit

Government ResponseGovernment Response

President Grover Cleveland said, “though President Grover Cleveland said, “though the people support the government, the the people support the government, the government should not support the government should not support the people” – people” – basically, there is no basically, there is no government support for farmersgovernment support for farmers

Interstate Commerce Act: regulated the Interstate Commerce Act: regulated the prices that railroads charged to move prices that railroads charged to move freight between states, requiring rates to freight between states, requiring rates to be set in proportion to the distance be set in proportion to the distance traveledtraveled

Populist PartyPopulist Party Platform:Platform:

An increased circulation of moneyAn increased circulation of money The unlimited minting of silverThe unlimited minting of silver A progressive income taxA progressive income tax, in which the , in which the

percentage of taxes owed increases with a percentage of taxes owed increases with a rise in income. (Would create burden for rise in income. (Would create burden for wealthy industrialists)wealthy industrialists)

Government ownership of communications Government ownership of communications and transportation systemsand transportation systems

Eight-hour work dayEight-hour work day (In hopes to gain (In hopes to gain support from urban industrial workers.)support from urban industrial workers.)

1896 Election1896 Election Republican: William Republican: William

McKinley (wins)McKinley (wins) Gold-standard platformGold-standard platform

Democrat: William Democrat: William Jennings BryanJennings Bryan Free-silver platformFree-silver platform Powerful speaker – Powerful speaker –

“Cross of Gold” Speech“Cross of Gold” Speech