mining the earth's diamonds: sas' role for information … · information delivery and...
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Mining the earth's diamonds: SAS' role for Mining the earth's diamonds: SAS' role for information delivery and knowledge information delivery and knowledge
advancementadvancement
Dave ApterDave ApterDave ApterDave ApterDave ApterDave ApterDave ApterDave ApterDeBeers Africa ExplorationDeBeers Africa Exploration
KEY POINTSKEY POINTSKEY POINTSKEY POINTSKEY POINTSKEY POINTSKEY POINTSKEY POINTS
Today I want to tell you how DeBeers rates Today I want to tell you how DeBeers rates Today I want to tell you how DeBeers rates Today I want to tell you how DeBeers rates Today I want to tell you how DeBeers rates Today I want to tell you how DeBeers rates Today I want to tell you how DeBeers rates Today I want to tell you how DeBeers rates diamond target areas in the earth. It is diamond target areas in the earth. It is diamond target areas in the earth. It is diamond target areas in the earth. It is diamond target areas in the earth. It is diamond target areas in the earth. It is diamond target areas in the earth. It is diamond target areas in the earth. It is
essentially a geological story.essentially a geological story.essentially a geological story.essentially a geological story.essentially a geological story.essentially a geological story.essentially a geological story.essentially a geological story.
I am also going to demonstrate new work I am also going to demonstrate new work I am also going to demonstrate new work I am also going to demonstrate new work I am also going to demonstrate new work I am also going to demonstrate new work I am also going to demonstrate new work I am also going to demonstrate new work methods that allow and encourage us to deliver methods that allow and encourage us to deliver methods that allow and encourage us to deliver methods that allow and encourage us to deliver methods that allow and encourage us to deliver methods that allow and encourage us to deliver methods that allow and encourage us to deliver methods that allow and encourage us to deliver
information differently than before.information differently than before.information differently than before.information differently than before.information differently than before.information differently than before.information differently than before.information differently than before.
Lastly, and very importantly, I will show you the Lastly, and very importantly, I will show you the Lastly, and very importantly, I will show you the Lastly, and very importantly, I will show you the Lastly, and very importantly, I will show you the Lastly, and very importantly, I will show you the Lastly, and very importantly, I will show you the Lastly, and very importantly, I will show you the role SAS V8 has played in ‘The New Way’.role SAS V8 has played in ‘The New Way’.role SAS V8 has played in ‘The New Way’.role SAS V8 has played in ‘The New Way’.role SAS V8 has played in ‘The New Way’.role SAS V8 has played in ‘The New Way’.role SAS V8 has played in ‘The New Way’.role SAS V8 has played in ‘The New Way’.
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
SAS used by DeBeers mineralogists for last 20 SAS used by DeBeers mineralogists for last 20 SAS used by DeBeers mineralogists for last 20 SAS used by DeBeers mineralogists for last 20 SAS used by DeBeers mineralogists for last 20 SAS used by DeBeers mineralogists for last 20 SAS used by DeBeers mineralogists for last 20 SAS used by DeBeers mineralogists for last 20 years.years.years.years.years.years.years.years.
Mineral Chemistry algorithms are the results of 20 years Mineral Chemistry algorithms are the results of 20 years Mineral Chemistry algorithms are the results of 20 years Mineral Chemistry algorithms are the results of 20 years Mineral Chemistry algorithms are the results of 20 years Mineral Chemistry algorithms are the results of 20 years Mineral Chemistry algorithms are the results of 20 years Mineral Chemistry algorithms are the results of 20 years of research (mostly using SAS) : these used forof research (mostly using SAS) : these used forof research (mostly using SAS) : these used forof research (mostly using SAS) : these used forof research (mostly using SAS) : these used forof research (mostly using SAS) : these used forof research (mostly using SAS) : these used forof research (mostly using SAS) : these used for
11111111 Data processingData processingData processingData processingData processingData processingData processingData processing
22222222 Information DeliveryInformation DeliveryInformation DeliveryInformation DeliveryInformation DeliveryInformation DeliveryInformation DeliveryInformation Delivery
Major role being processing of chemical compositionsMajor role being processing of chemical compositionsMajor role being processing of chemical compositionsMajor role being processing of chemical compositionsMajor role being processing of chemical compositionsMajor role being processing of chemical compositionsMajor role being processing of chemical compositionsMajor role being processing of chemical compositions
((((((((Mineral ChemistryMineral ChemistryMineral ChemistryMineral ChemistryMineral ChemistryMineral ChemistryMineral ChemistryMineral Chemistry) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) of of of of of of of of ‘indicator minerals’‘indicator minerals’‘indicator minerals’‘indicator minerals’‘indicator minerals’‘indicator minerals’‘indicator minerals’‘indicator minerals’ used to used to used to used to used to used to used to used to find kimberlitesfind kimberlitesfind kimberlitesfind kimberlitesfind kimberlitesfind kimberlitesfind kimberlitesfind kimberlites ((((((((old volcanoes, the 1º source of diamondsold volcanoes, the 1º source of diamondsold volcanoes, the 1º source of diamondsold volcanoes, the 1º source of diamondsold volcanoes, the 1º source of diamondsold volcanoes, the 1º source of diamondsold volcanoes, the 1º source of diamondsold volcanoes, the 1º source of diamonds))))))))
Kimberlite Indicators Minerals
garnetgarnet
ilmenitespinel
clinopyroxene1 mm1 mm1 mm1 mm1 mm1 mm1 mm1 mm
The Earth: Scales of DEPTH (Km)
The Earth’s crust and MANTLE is ~2850 Km thick/deep
(ie excluding the CORE).
Comprises LITHOSPHERE (<5%) and Asthenosphere.
We will focus on the CONTINENTAL
LITHOSPHERE (BLUE SLITHERS) only generally about 200-300 Km deep.
Geology-101
graphite
Asthenosphere
ContinentalLithosphere
Old cratonic crustOceanic crust
~130 km
~200+ km
k’lite
Target region
kimberlitekimberlite
~40 kmOceanic
Lithosphere
The Earth : Section of the upper 200-300 Km
Geology-101
KIMBERLITE VOLCANO (PIPE)KIMBERLITE VOLCANO (PIPE)
DEPTHDEPTH
0 km0 km
~1 Km~1 Km
~2 Km~2 Km
Geology-101
A Lithosphere sampleA Lithosphere sample
garnet
cpx
olivine opx
1 mm1 mm
Geology-101
Diamond Bearing LithosphereDiamond Bearing Lithosphere
1 mm
Geology-101
garnetgarnet
diamonddiamond
GarnetGarnet MinChemMinChem: Temperature * Depth (pressure) Diagram: Temperature * Depth (pressure) DiagramIllustrates target area for diamond in lithosphereIllustrates target area for diamond in lithospherete
mpe
rature
graphite
depth
130km ~200km
1350oC
900oC
Geoth
ermal
gradie
nt Targetregion
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Geology-101
INFORMATION DELIVERYINFORMATION DELIVERY
‘The Old Way’‘The Old Way’
Info delivery using B&W HARDCOPY. Info delivery using B&W HARDCOPY.
( … if it didn’t come out the printer it was of no use!)( … if it didn’t come out the printer it was of no use!)
INFORMATION DELIVERYINFORMATION DELIVERY
‘The New Way’ ‘The New Way’ --11
Move to HYPERMEDIA DOCUMENTS within a WEB Move to HYPERMEDIA DOCUMENTS within a WEB based environmentbased environment
Position the EXPLORATION DIVISION with greater Position the EXPLORATION DIVISION with greater DeBeers strategy to evolve towards HYPERMEDIA DeBeers strategy to evolve towards HYPERMEDIA
based Knowledge Management Systemsbased Knowledge Management Systems
Objective: To integrate information Objective: To integrate information derived from multiple heterogeneous derived from multiple heterogeneous
sources within a single Information sources within a single Information Delivery environment.Delivery environment.
INFORMATION DELIVERYINFORMATION DELIVERY
‘The New Way’ ‘The New Way’ --22
The role of The role of SAS V8SAS V8 to move to move forward QUICKLY to producing forward QUICKLY to producing
hypermedia content.hypermedia content.
How do we do it? : ODS/HTMLHow do we do it? : ODS/HTML
Where we get the data : ACCESS/ODBCWhere we get the data : ACCESS/ODBC
… so, let’s HYPERLINK to an actual HYPERMEDIA … so, let’s HYPERLINK to an actual HYPERMEDIA document and go looking in the Earth’s deep document and go looking in the Earth’s deep lithosphere for new ‘diamond source’ target lithosphere for new ‘diamond source’ target
areas in West Africa.areas in West Africa.
Consider this document from two perspectives:Consider this document from two perspectives:
1.1. Geological.Geological.
2.2. Information Delivery / IT.Information Delivery / IT.
HYPERMEDIA DOCUMENTHYPERMEDIA DOCUMENT
•• West Africa largely unexplored compared to (say) southern West Africa largely unexplored compared to (say) southern Africa. Objective to target new diamond source areas.Africa. Objective to target new diamond source areas.
•• Use INDIRECT methods to study Earth’s deep lithosphere Use INDIRECT methods to study Earth’s deep lithosphere ((Eg Eg Seismic Wave Velocities, Heat Flow, Density, Seismic Wave Velocities, Heat Flow, Density, IsostacyIsostacy, , Black Magic and other ‘HocusBlack Magic and other ‘Hocus––Pocus’ methodologies).Pocus’ methodologies).
•• The only DIRECT method of studying the deep lithosphere The only DIRECT method of studying the deep lithosphere is use actual lithosphere samples (is use actual lithosphere samples (eg eg Garnet Mineral Garnet Mineral Chemistry obtained from known kimberlite sources).Chemistry obtained from known kimberlite sources).
•• Cross correlate these two classes of data sources to build Cross correlate these two classes of data sources to build confidence in INDIRECTLY obtained datasets where we have confidence in INDIRECTLY obtained datasets where we have no/no/sparcesparce DIRECTLY derived information: DIRECTLY derived information: ieie calibrate the calibrate the ‘Hocus‘Hocus--Pocus’ datasets with real (directly derived) data/info. Pocus’ datasets with real (directly derived) data/info.
HYPERMEDIA DOCUMENTHYPERMEDIA DOCUMENT : : Geological PerspectiveGeological Perspective
1.1. … how we integrate ‘information’ from… how we integrate ‘information’ from heterogenousheterogenoussources within a 2D and 3D environment to explore sources within a 2D and 3D environment to explore the lithosphere.the lithosphere.
2. … how SAS plays an important role in this ‘new’ form 2. … how SAS plays an important role in this ‘new’ form of document used for information delivery.of document used for information delivery.
HYPERMEDIA DOCUMENT :HYPERMEDIA DOCUMENT : IT PerspectiveIT Perspective
HYPERMEDIA DOCUMENTHYPERMEDIA DOCUMENT
Jump to HYPERMEDIA Jump to HYPERMEDIA WEB DOCUMENT. WEB DOCUMENT.
… back to SUGISA… back to SUGISA
Jump to ‘Canned’ Jump to ‘Canned’ version. version.
INFORMATION DELIVERYINFORMATION DELIVERY
Seen the role of SAS V8 to Seen the role of SAS V8 to QUICKLY move forward to QUICKLY move forward to
producing hypermedia contentproducing hypermedia content
How do we do it? : ODS/HTMLHow do we do it? : ODS/HTML
Where we get the data : ACCESS/ODBCWhere we get the data : ACCESS/ODBC
How do we do it? : How do we do it? : ODS/HTMLODS/HTML
BASEBASE--SAS & GRAPH.SAS & GRAPH.
Have incorporated ODS/HTML into legacy SAS programs.Have incorporated ODS/HTML into legacy SAS programs.
Quick and easy use of new V8 WEB OUTPUT with old tried Quick and easy use of new V8 WEB OUTPUT with old tried ‘n trusted mature mineral chemistry toolbox.‘n trusted mature mineral chemistry toolbox.
Use MACRO STATEMENTS for ‘batch’ runs with selected Use MACRO STATEMENTS for ‘batch’ runs with selected datagroups datagroups and ODS HTML output directories. and ODS HTML output directories.
/* ODS SETUP *//* ODS SETUP */ODS trace on / label;ODS trace on / label;ODS listing close;ODS listing close;ODS HTML ODS HTML GPATH= "D:GPATH= "D:\\ProjProj\\SAS_HTML"SAS_HTML"Body= "D:Body= "D:\\ProjProj\\SAS_HTMLSAS_HTML\\GAR_%quote(&COU)_%quote(&TIL)GAR_%quote(&COU)_%quote(&TIL)--body.body.htmhtm""Contents="D:Contents="D:\\ProjProj\\SAS_HTMLSAS_HTML\\GAR_%quote(&COU)_%quote(&TIL)GAR_%quote(&COU)_%quote(&TIL)--cont.cont.htmhtm""Frame= "D:Frame= "D:\\ProjProj\\SAS_HTMLSAS_HTML\\GAR_%quote(&COU)_%quote(&TIL)GAR_%quote(&COU)_%quote(&TIL)--frame.frame.htmhtm""Style=d3dStyle=d3dAnchor="DAVE";Anchor="DAVE";
/* Axes, Legend and/* Axes, Legend and symbologysymbology SETUP */SETUP */
/* VAXIS /* VAXIS -- Cr2O3 (Graph: tra1,tra2) */Cr2O3 (Graph: tra1,tra2) */
axis1 ORDER =(0 to 20 by 2)axis1 ORDER =(0 to 20 by 2)Blah, Blah, blah . . . Blah, Blah, blah . . .
ODS/HTMLODS/HTML
/* /* ScatterPlotsScatterPlots */*/
PROC GPLOT DATA=GAR_ABF ;PROC GPLOT DATA=GAR_ABF ;FORMAT cr2o3 f4.0FORMAT cr2o3 f4.0 caocao f4.0 tio2 f5.1f4.0 tio2 f5.1
TMnO3 f7.0TMnO3 f7.0 pminpmin f5.0f5.0par_SYM par.par_SYM par. hparhpar_SYM h_par. ;_SYM h_par. ;
PLOT TMnO3 * PMIN = HPAR_SYM / PLOT TMnO3 * PMIN = HPAR_SYM / NAME = 'TMnO3*NAME = 'TMnO3*Pmin' Pmin' FRAMEFRAMEANNOTATE=dbase.geoth1ANNOTATE=dbase.geoth1LEGEND = legend1 VAXIS = axis4 HAXIS=axis5LEGEND = legend1 VAXIS = axis4 HAXIS=axis5Description = "GAR: TMnO3 *Description = "GAR: TMnO3 * PminPmin" ;" ;
Blah, Blah, blah . . . Blah, Blah, blah . . .
GPLOT/GCHARTGPLOT/GCHART
. . . . . . Blah, Blah, blah . . . Blah, Blah, blah . . . RUN;RUN;QUIT;QUIT;%mend ;%mend ;
/* call macro /* call macro –– %macro GAR(&RDS, &COU, &TIL); */%macro GAR(&RDS, &COU, &TIL); */
%GAR(AFR,999,086);%GAR(AFR,999,086);
/* close ODS HTML *//* close ODS HTML */
ODS HTML close;ODS HTML close;
MACRO CALL : ODS/HTMLMACRO CALL : ODS/HTML
Where do we get our data ?Where do we get our data ? ACCESS/ODBCACCESS/ODBC
••EASY access to inEASY access to in--house databases (MS & ORACLE).house databases (MS & ORACLE).
••Uses ODBC Uses ODBC DSN’s DSN’s in LIBNAME statement.in LIBNAME statement.
••Very nice interface to familiar data sources.Very nice interface to familiar data sources.
••No need for view descriptors.No need for view descriptors.
ACCESS/ODBCACCESS/ODBC
/* Assign PSIMS/* Assign PSIMS--SERVER library/DBase */SERVER library/DBase */
/* PSIMS = Prospecting Sample Information Management System *//* PSIMS = Prospecting Sample Information Management System */
libname PSIMSSvrlibname PSIMSSvr ODBC DSN="PSIMSODBC DSN="PSIMS--Server";Server";
/* Collect data from PSIMS (do this only once!) *//* Collect data from PSIMS (do this only once!) */
data gar;data gar;setset PSIMSSvrPSIMSSvr..qMCALLOCCqMCALLOCC;;wherewhere ctycty= '103' and min ='GAR';= '103' and min ='GAR';run;run;
ACCESS/ODBCACCESS/ODBC
Information Delivery : Information Delivery : WEB Ready!WEB Ready!No need for additional image editing : No need for additional image editing :
use mineral chemistry diagrams ‘as is’.use mineral chemistry diagrams ‘as is’.
••MSMS--Win font/character library: Win font/character library: eg eg DeBeers DeBeers KIMBER KIMBER font.font.
••Formatting and Formatting and symbology symbology control: Proc Format.control: Proc Format.
••Scale Chart/Plot Scale Chart/Plot axesanyaxesany way you like: Proc way you like: Proc GchartGchart//GplotGplot..
••The absolute secret weapon:SAS ANNOTATE DATA The absolute secret weapon:SAS ANNOTATE DATA SETS.SETS.
/* /* DenerateDenerate T's & P's for variousT's & P's for various GeothermsGeotherms -- Using Pollock and Chapman Using Pollock and Chapman 19791979 equasionequasion. Depth and. Depth and adiabatadiabat calc from CJ Hatton calc from CJ Hatton -- DBA June2000 */DBA June2000 */
Data Data geothermgeotherm;;FORMAT T 6.2 D 4.0 ;FORMAT T 6.2 D 4.0 ;DO P=25 to 65 by 5;DO P=25 to 65 by 5;do G= 36 to 50 by 2;do G= 36 to 50 by 2;T1 = (T1 = (--0.000147 * g**2 + 0.00849 * g 0.000147 * g**2 + 0.00849 * g -- 0.2509)* p**2 ;0.2509)* p**2 ;T2 = (0.002425 * g**2 + 0.35005 * g + 10.343)* p ; T2 = (0.002425 * g**2 + 0.35005 * g + 10.343)* p ;
Blah, Blah, Blah ……….Blah, Blah, Blah ……….RUN;RUN;Proc sort; by G P T ; runProc sort; by G P T ; run;;Data Data sasannosasanno..geothermgeotherm;;
SetSet geothermgeotherm;;Blah, Blah, Blah ……….Blah, Blah, Blah ……….
The Power of ANNOTATE DATASETSThe Power of ANNOTATE DATASETS
ANNOTATE TEMPLATEANNOTATE TEMPLATE
ODS/HTML OUTPUTODS/HTML OUTPUT
ODS/HTML OUTPUTODS/HTML OUTPUT CONTENTS PAGE/FRAMECONTENTS PAGE/FRAME
••Have not solved how to Have not solved how to CONTROL CONTENT CONTROL CONTENT of this page of this page ((egeg “TITLES” , “TITLES” , Table of Contents, The Table of Contents, The Gplot Gplot Procedure”). Procedure”).
••Need to add additional Need to add additional text with hyperlinks text with hyperlinks
••(Fix with HTML editor).(Fix with HTML editor).
••Can easily control Can easily control individual plot titles using individual plot titles using GPLOT ‘description’ GPLOT ‘description’ statement.statement.
SO WHAT ?! SO WHAT ?! Geological perspectiveGeological perspective
SAS continues to play a major role in enabling DeBeers SAS continues to play a major role in enabling DeBeers to integrate mineral chemistry information within to integrate mineral chemistry information within
realistic Earth models. realistic Earth models.
This permits us to do direct comparisons of ‘real This permits us to do direct comparisons of ‘real Earth’ rock/minerals with other INDIRECTLY derived Earth’ rock/minerals with other INDIRECTLY derived
Earth characteristics.Earth characteristics.
Significantly enhances our power to rate deep earth Significantly enhances our power to rate deep earth diamond target areas.diamond target areas.
Reports/reviews ready as HYPERMEDIA Reports/reviews ready as HYPERMEDIA documents for use in next generation documents for use in next generation Knowledge Management Initiatives.Knowledge Management Initiatives.
Information Information integrationintegration and deliveryand deliveryenvironment.environment.
HyperLinkingHyperLinking is fun! ( … like is fun! ( … like Surfin’Surfin’ in reverse). in reverse).
SO WHAT ?! SO WHAT ?! Information DeliveryInformation Delivery PerpectivePerpective..
Simple powerful use of ODS/HTML for WEB content.Simple powerful use of ODS/HTML for WEB content.
Some ODS/HTML challenges:Some ODS/HTML challenges:
Need more control on Content Frame pages and reduce Need more control on Content Frame pages and reduce need of HTML editor for SAS generated content.need of HTML editor for SAS generated content.
Would love an Would love an IntraNet IntraNet Application Dispatcher!Application Dispatcher!
Someday implement “Active” diagrams for info delivery ‘drill Someday implement “Active” diagrams for info delivery ‘drill downs’.downs’.
Superfast Superfast processing with V8 (SASprocessing with V8 (SAS--GL) “Greased Lightning”.GL) “Greased Lightning”.
SO WHAT ?! SO WHAT ?! SAS SAS PerpectivePerpective..
BOTTOMLINE BOTTOMLINE
SAS helps DeBeers with …SAS helps DeBeers with …
The power to knowThe power to know
… more about our Earth, and where … more about our Earth, and where the diamonds are! the diamonds are!