ministry of environment

Sanitation- Setting the context, Sanitation- Setting the context, Country Commitment and Country Commitment and

Enabling Policies on SanitationEnabling Policies on Sanitation

Javed Ali Khan, DG, Environment

Ministry of EnvironmentMinistry of Environment

Government of PakistanGovernment of PakistanMinistry of EnvironmentMinistry of Environment

SanitationSanitation

Proper sanitation means the promotion of health by safe disposal of excrement, encompassing critical components of sanitation services like privacy, dignity, cleanliness as well as a healthy environment through safe disposal techniques

Pakistan Sanitation Policy, 2006 primarily focuses on safe disposal of liquid and solid wastes; and promotion of health and hygiene practices in the country. The term sanitation, however, extends to cover cleanliness, hygiene, proper collection of liquid and solid wastes and their environmentally sound disposal

Excreta disposal, solid waste management and drainage are inter-related and the impact of improvements in one will be reduced if they are carried out without regard to the others

MINISTRY OF MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

The Scale of the ChallengeThe Scale of the Challenge

• About 2.5 billion people (42 % ) lack access to basic sanitation (WHO/UNICEF, 2008)

• An additional 1.8 billion people need to be provided with improved sanitation till 2015 to achieve the MDG

• In the developing countries, rural communities have less than half the sanitation coverage (37 %) of urban areas (81 %)

• About 90 % of sewage and 70 % of industrial wastes in developing countries are discharged into water courses without treatment

• Every day, diarrhoeal disease kills 5,000 children. Every week, it kills 42,000 people. Every one of these deaths is tragic – and preventable

• Without concerted action, the lack of sanitation will continue to impact the lives of billions of people and impede progress on development

IYS 2008 gave us five important messagesIYS 2008 gave us five important messages

• Sanitation is vital for human health• Sanitation generates economic benefits• Sanitation contributes to dignity

and social development• Sanitation protects the environment • Improving sanitation is achievable


Sanitation coverage (%)Sanitation coverage (%)

Urban Rural Total

Sanitation

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2006 90 4 0 6 40 5 10 45 58 5 6 31

1990 76 4 12 8 14 2 10 74 33 3 10 54

Still 51 Million defecating in open Source:JMP, 2008

Considerable improvement in CoverageConsiderable improvement in Coverage

71 % access to latrine (PSLM 2006-07) 58 % access to an improved latrine (JMP 2008) Pakistan is amongst those countries making the

most rapid progress in access to sanitation (JMP) Significant reduction in the incidence of open

defecation from 54% (1990) to 31% (2006) Major gains have been in rural areas, although the

urban-rural variation remains significant


Quality of service and behavior changeQuality of service and behavior change

Many latrines not used by all of the people all of the time

Many latrines may not be sanitary in design or use

Many latrines are not maintained in a sanitary manner (i.e. Fecal sludge dumped in fields, drains, nullahs)

The failure to safely contain the excreta of one individual or household can undermine the efforts of others


Factors compromising outcomesFactors compromising outcomes

Less than 50% sewerage collected and less than 10% treated effectively

This means that 90% of wastewater finds its way into receiving water bodies

In urban areas less than 50% of solid waste is collected and there is no sanitary landfill site

Social mobilizing concepts not institutionalized in the local governments

• Limited private sector participation


Are we meeting the sanitation MDG?Are we meeting the sanitation MDG?

Pakistan: Progress towards Sanitation MDG Targets

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025Year

Access t

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Urban

Rural

Overall

Required MDG trend

Required MDG trend

Required MDG trend

Progress in access to latrines (overall)

Progress in access to latrines (rural)

Progress in access to latrines (urban)


What is the cost to Pakistan?What is the cost to Pakistan?

The environmental cost has been estimated at Rs. 112 billion

1 in 11 children will die before reaching the age of 5 (60% attributable to WATSAN diseases)

The health costs from Diarrhea and Typhoid alone amount to 1.8% of GDP


Policy foundationsPolicy foundations

National sanitation policy approved in 2006 following SACOSAN II

Innovative use of performance based instruments

Policies and strategies formulated in all provinces and regions:-Balochistan strategy/action plan stands approved-NWFP Sanitation Policy & Strategy-Punjab Urban Water & Sanitation Policy-Sindh Sanitation Strategy-AJK Sanitation Policy and Strategy-Northern Areas Sanitation Strategy


Urban Sanitation-Components in National Urban Sanitation-Components in National Sanitation Policy, 2006Sanitation Policy, 2006

• Formalization of the Component Sharing and Total Sanitation models• Programme for rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure by City

governments• Needs identification of sanitation / drainage related infrastructure• City wide sanitation strategies through City Sanitation Plans for all

urban settlements by City governments• Mandatory sanitation facilities at public places• Close coordination with Katchi Abadi Improvement and Regularisation

Programme • Promotion of Integrated solid waste management• Designation of proper landfill sites for the disposal of solid waste• A program for up gradation of informal settlements• Public- Private- Civil Society partnership• Master Plans for treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater

Sector financing (expenditures )Sector financing (expenditures )SOURCE: DRAFT PRSP IISOURCE: DRAFT PRSP II

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION EDUCATION HEALTH


Sector financingSector financing

Between 2001-2006 expenditures increased 122%

In 2001/02 spending 0.11% of GDP; in 2005/06 it was 0.13% and in 2006/07 it grew to 0.19%

But the cost of 2 diseases alone is 1.81% of GDP


Strategic sector initiativesStrategic sector initiatives

Sector coordination- WSDCG, CLTS core group, WASH Clusters, WESNet

Rural strategy- CLTS and SLTS – going to scale through key partnerships

School sanitation and hygiene Urban strategy- Orangi Pilot Project/

Lodhran Pilot Project (component sharing taken to scale)


Scaling up rural sanitationScaling up rural sanitation


1576

564

0

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1600

OVER ALL

No. Community Activiists Trained ODF Villages

The Way ForwardThe Way Forward

IYS 2008 gave additional impetus to build on SACOSAN Solid progress on IYS targets Momentum to be sustained after the National Year of

Environment Enhancing sector financing (MTDF 2010-2015) Setting New targets Developing National Sanitation Action Plan Developing essential capacity & strengthening partnerships Strong focus on addressing challenges of quality services Translating policies ,strategies and action plans to integrated

sanitation and hygiene promotion projects & programmes• Integrating sanitation with all poverty reduction initiatives and

aligning with other sectors such as health and education



THANK YOUTHANK YOU

ministry of environment

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