minnesota wing aircrew training: tasks p-2016, p-2017, p-2018
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Minnesota Wing Aircrew Training: Tasks P-2016, P-2017, P-2018. Aircraft Familiarization Aircraft Controls Aircraft Instruments Weight and Balance. Aircraft Structure and Controls. Aircraft Familiarization. Why do I need to know this stuff anyway? Terminology Structure Control surfaces - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Minnesota Wing Aircrew Training: Tasks P-2016, P-2017, P-2018
Aircraft Familiarization– Aircraft Controls– Aircraft Instruments
Weight and Balance
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Aircraft Structure and Controls
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Aircraft Familiarization
Why do I need to know this stuff anyway? Terminology Structure Control surfaces Instrumentation Limitations
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The Airplane CAP typically uses C172 and
C182.
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Aircraft TerminologyRight
Aileron
RightFlap
RightWing
NoseGear
Propeller
MainGear
Left Wing
LandingLight
LeftAileron
Left Flap
Elevator
Trim Tabs
Rudder
VerticalStabilizer
Empennage
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Ailerons provide roll control
Right Aileron UP
Left Aileron DOWN
Right wing goes down
Left wing goes up
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Elevators provide pitch control
Center of Gravity Center of Gravity
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The rudder controls yaw
RUDDERPEDAL
RIGHTRUDDERPEDAL
LEFT
CENTER ofGRAVITY
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Trim tabs neutralize control pressures
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Aircraft Instruments
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Instrument Panel
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Flight Instruments
Magnetic Compass– Primarily a backup– Doesn’t require any
power– Installation problems– Bank angles and
speed changes can cause a compass to show the wrong heading
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Flight Instruments
Heading Indicator (Directional Gyro)– Gyro-driven heading
indicator– Quick response to
turns– Stable indications– Electrical or vacuum-
driven– Will drift, requires
periodic re-alignment
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Flight Instruments
Altimeter– Usually set to
show pressure altitude above Mean Sea Level (MSL)
– Accurate altitude is dependent on the altimeter setting.
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Flight Instruments
Turn Coordinator– Really two
instruments– Miniature aircraft
shows turn rate only - does not show bank angle
– Inclinometer shows quality of turn - Coordinated, slip, skid
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Flight Instruments
Attitude Indicator– Provides a horizon
reference– Hash marks
indicate bank angle
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Airspeed– Knots or MPH– Colored markings– Shows aircraft
performance
Flight Instruments
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Flight Instruments
Vertical Speed– Climb or descent
rate– Has a lag due to
design– Use with altimeter
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Engine Instruments
Tachometer– Markings — green
arc– Indicates power
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Other Engine Instruments
Gauges– Fuel (accurate at empty)– Oil Temperature and
Pressure– Vacuum and Generator– Exhaust Gas
Temperature– Instruments vary from
aircraft to aircraft
Scanner Course #2Comm, VOR and DME radios Navigation/Communication Radio
– Primary and Standby Frequencies
Communications Navigation
CommComm 11
CommComm 22
Nav 1Nav 1
NavNav 22
DMEDME
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Comm Antennas
– Normally mounted on top– One for each radio
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Nav Antennas
– “Cat whisker” style– One for each nav
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Navigation InstrumentsVOR ADF
VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR-DME, VORTAC)– Indicates direction to/from ground transmitter relative to
magnetic North Automatic Direction Finder (NDB)
– Direction toward ground transmitter relative to airplane nose
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Other AntennasLoop(directional)ADF
Marker
Beacon
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UHF Antenna
Blade type (may be spike)Transponder & DME[If mounted up front, may interfere with DF]
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Global Positioning System
Satellite based navigation– Apollo GX55 – Can provide search pattern course guidance and lat
and long of target
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GPS Antenna
Line of sight, so mounted at the very top Comm antennas can interfere with the weak signals, so they
are tested for interference
GPS
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Direction Finding Receiver
Used for electronic ELT searches
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CAP FM Transceiver
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Audio Panel
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Transponder
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Static “wicks”
– Mitigate buildup of static electricity (interferes with comm)– Wings, elevators, vertical stabilizer– Take care when walking around
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Weight and Balance and Operations
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Weight and Balance
The wings generate a limited amount of lift Maximum weight for an aircraft is set by the manufacturer Pitch stability is affected by the location of the center of gravity The pilot computes weight and balance and controls it by loading the
aircraft correctly -If incorrectly loaded:
– the pilot may not be able to raise the nose during take off or – the aircraft may be unstable and difficult or impossible to control in the
air
L i f t
W e i g h t
F o r c e f r o m h o r i z o n t a lt a i l s u r f a c e
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Weight and Balance Excessive weight adversely impacts performance:
– Longer take off and landing distance– Reduced climb performance– Reduced ability to withstand turbulence and wind shear
forces Out of Forward C.G. limits can cause:
– Reduced up-elevator authority (ability to raise the nose)– Can eliminate the ability to flare for landing
Out of Rear C.G. limits can cause:– Reduced down-elevator authority (ability to lower the nose)– Can make stall recovery difficult or impossible
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Mission Aircraft Operations A CAPF84 or CAPF104 must be
completed Altimeter settings will be from a source
within 50 NM or the closest source available and updated hourly.
Airspeed will be no lower than 1.3 times aircraft stall at zero flaps and 30 degrees of bank.
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Mission Aircraft Operations
Search altitudes are limited to no lower than 500 feet above the surface (except for counter drug vessel identification).
Search aircraft on missions over water must plan to be over a suitable airfield with at least 90 minutes of fuel on board at normal cruise speed.