minor friction losses in pipe fittings

7/25/2019 Minor Friction Losses in Pipe Fittings

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Running Head: EXPERMINT #5 MINOR FRICTION LOSSES IN PIPE FITTINGS

EXPERMINT #5 MINOR FRICTION LOSSES IN PIPE FITTINGS

FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY

A!"a$"


2/13


The objective of this lab was to calculate minor friction losses in pipe fittings. Globe

valve, gate valve, miter, constriction, expansion and bend were used for minor losses. The

head loss calculation was done for may pipe fitting, it can be seen that nature of flow in

all fitting is turbulent as Reynolds numbers were higher than 2000. The head loss

calculations were done and it was noted that values of measured head loss are comparable

with calculated values of head loss.

Da"a% T&e'( and Re!u)"!

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Ta)e *: ar! "lue

ar! "lue

Trial time#ass $low

rate %!g&s'

( Tube mm )g *ie+om.

ReadingsGate alve Globe alve

-

./

0./2-0 /0 1-.2

.3

T avg4.03

2

.-

0./-1-0 /0 03.35

.-

T avg43.2

/

1.3

0.255 -0 /0 303-.30.23

T avg430.2

33.-3

0.2/-0

23 33.-

3.0

Tavg43.52

.5/

0.2-

-02-0 0/.

.//

T avg4.30

Ta)e +. 6ight "lue

6ight "lue

Trial time

#ass

$low rate

%!g&s'

( Tube mm )g *ie+om. Readings

Gate alve Globe alve77

1577-0 --77-2

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4/13


-

-.

0.2 220 0 0 -3 2-/./2

.02

T avg42.5

2

0./1

0.23- 20 0 0 -1 2031.-

31.0

T avg431.51

/

32.53

0.211 2 0 0 2- 232.1/

3-.3

T avg432.2

.-

0./-3 / 0 0 23 //0

.

.35

T avg43.11

/.2

0./0 0 0 0 /-0 /10/.22

2.-

T avg42.5/

Type 6ength %mm'

73 10

175 5-.--7-2 10

trail -8 Gate valve open and globe valve is closed

trail 28 Gate valve closed and globe valve is open

trail /8 Gate valve half open and globe valve fully open

Ta)e ,: 9onversion from mm7)g to *a

ar! "lue( Tube mm )g *ie+om. Readings

Gate alve Globe alve 773

-//.-3 5/3/.52 -01/.0

-//.-3 /3-. -00032

-//.-3 035-.11 15/11.2

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-//.-3 //.2 /10.0

-//.-3 210-./3 300/.2

6ight "lue

Gate alve Globe alve 771 577-0 --77-2

25/-.2 330.10 0.00 220-/.3 2131.

///.00 330.10 0.00 231-.53 /20-5.1

/3315.0 330.10 0.00 2131. /3315.0

/32.31 330.10 0.00 //.2 02.21

0//.1 330.10 0.00 -/1.53 0351.01

Re!u)"!:

:ith 4 - mm and m-4 0./2 !g&s,

- 4m

1

A

- 4

m1

( D

2

4)

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- 4

0.327

1000 ((0.017 )2

4)

- 4 -. m&s

Reynolds ;umber

Re 4VD

Re410001.440.017

1x103

Re 4 210

:ith 4 - mm and m24 0./-1 !g&s,

2 4m

2

A

2 4

m2

( D

2

4)

2 4

0.318

1000 ( (0.017 )2

4)

2 4 -. m&s

Reynolds ;umber

Re 4VD

Re410001.40.017

1x103

Re 4 2/100

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Da- B)ue Ci$ui"

Gate alve

*4KL V

2

2

-///.-3 40.2V

210002

4 0./m&s

Reynolds ;umber

Re 4VD

Re 410000.730.00919

1x103

Re 4 3-

)ead 6oss

)64KL V2

2 g

)640.2(0.73)2

(29.81) x1000mm

1m

)64 . mm


8/13


Re 4 2-5

)ead 6oss

)64KL V

2

2g

)641.1

(9.48

)

2

(29.81) x1000

mm1m

4 0/2 mm

Lig&" B)ue Ci$ui"

Globe alve

*4KL V

2

2

25/-.2 410V

210002

4 2./ m&s

Reynolds ;umber

Re 4VD

410002.430.01836

1x103

Re 4 1

)ead 6oss

)64KL V

2

2g

)6410 (2.43)2

(29.81) x1000mm

1m

)64 2552 mm


9/13


-4m

A 4

m

( D

2

4) 4

0.327

1000 ((0.0137)2

4) , -4 2.2 m&s

24m

A 4m

( D

2

4) 4

0.327

1000 ((0.0264)2

4) , 24 0.3 m&s

Reynolds ;umber

Re 4V

2D

2

Re 410000.600.0264

1x103 , Re 4 -50

)ead 6oss for ?xpansion

)e4

V1V

2

2

)e4

2.250.602

x1000mm

1m

)e4 -0.3 mm


10/13


)64

2.25

2

0.23

x1000mm

1m

)64 5./ mm


11/13


Ta)e 58 ?rror

$itting ?rror

Gate alve .01A

Globe alve .021A

#iter "end 0.02A

@udden ?xpansion 0.0-A

50 smooth 0.01/A

Figue *: #easured )ead 6oss vs 9alculated )ead 6oss %mm'

f(x) = - 0x^5 + 0x^4 - 0x 3 + 0x^2 + 1.11x - 19.57

Ana)(!i! and Di!$u!!i'n

Bt can be seen that the values of measured head loss are comparable with calculated

values of head loss.

Ana)(!i! and Di!$u!!i'n

C'n$)u!i'n

The head loss calculation was done for may pipe fitting, it can be seen that nature of flow

in all fitting is turbulent as Reynolds numbers were higher than 2000. The head loss

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calculations were done and it was noted that values of measured head loss are comparable

with calculated values of head loss. The objective of lab was met successfully

Pa$"i$a) A//)i$a"i'n

#ost of practical application of minor loss in fitting comes into civil engineering

and mechanical engineering.


13/13


Reynolds ;umber Re 4VD

%/'

- 4m

1

A %'

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minor friction losses in pipe fittings

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