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Introduction to Mobile IPv6IIS5711: Mobile Computing
Mobile Computing and BroadbandNetworking Laboratory
CIS, NCTU
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Outline Introduction
Relevant Features of IPv6
Major Differences between MIPv4 and MIPv6
Mobile IPv6 Operation
Home Agent Discovery Mechanism
Handover Quality of Service
Conclusions
References
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Introduction Mobile IPv6 is intended to enable IPv6
nodes to move from one IP subnet toanother
While a mobile node is away from home
It sends information about its current
location to a home agent
The home agent intercepts packetsaddressed to the mobile node and tunnelsthem to the mobile nodes present location
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Introduction (cont.) Mobile IPv6 scenario
Internet
Home Agent
Correspondent Node
Mobile Node
Router
Router
Router
Home Link
Link A
Link B
Link C
move
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Relevant Features of IPv6 Address Autoconfiguration
Stateless autoconfiguratoin Network Prefix + Interface ID
Stateful autoconfiguration DHCPv6
Neighbor Discovery
Discover each others presence and find routers
Determine each others link-layer addresses
Maintain reachability information
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Relevant Features of IPv6
(cont.) Extension Headers
Routing header
For route optimization
Destination Options header
For mobile node originated datagrams
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Major Differences between
MIPv4 and MIPv6 No FA in Mobile IPv6
Mobile IPv6 requires every mobile node tosupport
IPv6 Decapsulation
Address Autoconfiguration
Neighbor Discovery
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Major Differences between
MIPv4 and MIPv6 (cont.) Packets delivery
MIPv6 mobile node uses care-of address assource address in foreign links
No ingress filtering problem
Correspondence Node uses IPv6 routing
header rather than IP encapsulation Supports Route Optimization naturally
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Mobile IPv6 Messages and
Related Data StructuresAll new messages used in MIPv6 are
defined as IPv6 Destination Options
These options are used in IPv6 to carryadditional information that needs to beexamined only by a packets destination
nodeNext Header Hdr Ext Len
Options
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Mobile IPv6 Messages and
Related Data Structures (cont.) Four new Destination Options
Binding Update
Used by an MN to inform its HA or any otherCN about its current care-of address
Binding Acknowledgement
Used to acknowledge the receipt of a BindingUpdate
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Mobile IPv6 Messages and
Related Data Structures (cont.) Binding Request
Used by any node to request an MN to send a
Binding Update with the current care-ofaddress
Home Address
Used in a packet sent by a mobile node to
inform the receiver of this packet about themobile nodes home address
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Mobile IPv6 Messages and
Related Data Structures (cont.) Data Structures
Binding Cache
Binding Update List
Home Agent List
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Mobile IPv6 Operation Home Agent Registration
An MN performs address autoconfiguration
(stateful or stateless) to get its care-ofaddress
The MN registers its care-of address withits home agent on the home link Use Binding Update Destination Option
The HA uses proxy Neighbor Discovery andalso replies to Neighbor Solicitations onbehalf of the MN
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Mobile IPv6 Operation (cont.) Home Agent Registration
Internet
Home Agent
Correspondent Node
Mobile Node
Router
Router
Router
Home Link
Link A
Link B
Link C
(1) Binding Update
(2) Binding Acknowledgement
(1)
(2)
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Mobile IPv6 Operation (cont.) Route Optimization
To avoid triangle routing
Internet
Home Agent
Correspondent Node
Mobile Node
Router
Router
Router
Home Link
Link A
Link B
Link C
(1)Packet(2) Tunneled Packet(3) Packet
(2)
(1)(3)
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Mobile IPv6 Operation (cont.) Route Optimization
Internet
Home Agent
Correspondent Node
Mobile Node
Router
Router
Router
Home Link
Link A
Link B
Link C
(1) Binding Update(2) Packet
(1)(2)
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Mobile IPv6 Operation (cont.) MN-Terminated Packet Delivery
Internet
Src: CNs addressDst: MNs home address
Src: CNs addressDst: MNs care-of address
Routing Header:MNs home address
Src: CNs addressDst: MNs care-of address
Routing Header:MNs home address
Src: CNs addressDst: MNs home address
MN receives packets from
loopback interface
Binding cache hit
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Mobile IPv6 Operation (cont.) MN-Originated Packet Delivery
Internet
Src: MNs home address
Dst: CNs address
Src: MNs home addressDst: CNs address
Src: MNs care-of addressDst: CNs address
Destination Optoins header Home Address Option:
MNs home address
MN at home:
MN at visited network:
Src: MNs care-of addressDst: CNs address
Destination Optoins header
Home Address Option:MNs home address
Move MNs home addressto Source Address
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Mobile IPv6 Operation (cont.) Movement Detection
While away from home, an MN selects onerouter and one subnet prefix advertised bythat router to use as the subnet prefix inits primary care-of address
To wait for the periodically sent RouterAdvertisements
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Mobile IPv6 Operation (cont.) Binding Management
To trigger Binding Acknowledgement, the
MN sets the Acknowledge bit in the BindingUpdate Retransmitting the Biding Update periodically
until receipt of the acknowledgement
An MN MUST set the Acknowledge bit inBinding Updates addressed to an HA
The MN MAY also set the Acknowledge bitin Binding Updates sent to a CN
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Home Agent Discovery
Mechanism
Internet
Home Agent3
Correspondent Node
Mobile Node
Router
Router
Router
Home LinkLink A
Link B
Link C
(1) Binding Update to Home-Agents anycast address(2) Binding Acknowledgement including the Home Agents List;
rejects the registration request
Home Agent 1 Home Agent2
Home Agents List Preference ValueHome Agent3 9Home Agent 1 2Home Agent2 -3
(1)
(2)
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Home Agent Discovery
Mechanism (cont.)
Internet
Home Agent3
Correspondent Node
Mobile Node
Router
Router
Router
Home LinkLink A
Link B
Link C
(1) Binding Update to Home Agents 3(2) Binding Acknowledgement, registration OK
Home Agent 1 Home Agent2
Home Agents List Preference ValueHome Agent3 9Home Agent 1 2Home Agent2 -3
(1)
(2)
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Handover Router-Assisted Smooth Handovers
IPv6 routerwith HA func.
IPv6 router
move
(1)MN sends a Binding Update toan HA on previous network
(2) HA returns a BindingAcknowledgement
(3) HA tunnels packets to MN
(4)MN sends a Binding Update toCN
(1)
(3)(4)
(3)
(2)
CN
MN
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Handover (cont.) Three kinds of handover operations
Smooth Handover Minimizes data loss during the time that the MN
is establishing its link to the new access point
Fast Handover Minimizes or eliminates latency for establishing
new communication paths to the MN at thenew access router
Seamless Handover Both Smooth and Fast Handover
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Quality of Service IPv6 header has two QoS-related fields
20-bit Flow Label Used by a source to label sequences of packets
for which it requests special handling by theIPv6 routers
Geared to IntServ and RSVP
8-bit Traffic Class Indicator Used by originating nodes and/or forwarding
routers to identify and distinguish betweendifferent classes or priorities of IPv6 packets
Geared to DiffServ
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Quality of Service (cont.) New IPv6 option QoS Object
QoS Object describes QoS requirement,traffic volume and packet classificationparameters for MN's packet stream
Included as a Destination Option in IPv6
packets carrying Binding Update and BidingAcknowledgment messages
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Conclusions Mobile IPv6 is
An efficient and deployable protocol forhandling mobility with IPv6
Lightweight protocol
To minimize the control traffic needed to
effect mobility
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References C. Perkins, Mobility for IPv6,Internet Draft, June 2002.
K. Zhigang et al., QoS in Mobile IPv6, in Proc. of
International Conferences on Info-tech and Info-net 2001,vol. 2, pp. 492 -497.
N. Montavont and T. Noel, Handover Management for
Mobile Nodes in IPv6 Networks,IEEE Communication
Magazine, pp. 38-43, Aug. 2002.