mirrors & reflection light we see objects because of reflected light travels far and fast (3 x...
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Mirrors & Reflection
LightWe see objects because of reflected light
Travels far and fast (3 x 108 m/s) Travels in a straight lines, called rays
Reflection ReviewLaw of reflection: θi = θr Light rays bounce off a
mirror at the same angle at which they arrive
We always define angles relative to the normal (the line perpendicular to the mirror (or lens)
Types of Mirrors Plane Mirror –
A flat mirror that reflects light in a regular way Concave Mirror –
Reflects light from inner surface Light rays are reflected so that they “come together” at a
point; a converging mirror Convex Mirror –
Reflects light from outer surface Light rays are reflected so that they “go apart” and never
come to a point; a diverging mirror
Object vs. Image Object – the source of light rays
Ex: you when you look in the bathroom mirror Image – reproduction of object formed with
lenses or mirrors. The image is formed at the intersect of the
reflected rays.
Kinds of Images Real images
Formed by converging light rays Can be projected on a screen Inverted orientation
Virtual images Formed by diverging light rays Cannot be seen on a screen Erect orientation
Reflection & Mirrors A mirror reflects rays of light so that they change
their path Mirrors can create a virtual image
Image appears behind the mirror and is reversed The light rays are reflected back to your eye at an equal
but opposite angles Incident ray – the ray that comes from the object
and hits the mirror Reflected ray – the ray that bounces off the mirror
Objects, Images & Plane Mirrors Plane mirror – flat, smooth surface that
reflects light in a regular way Ex: your bathroom mirror ObjectObject ImageImage
Things to know about Plane Mirrors Object size = Image size Object distance = Image distance Orientation = Upright Forms a virtual image Image is reversed (left to right)
Drawing Ray Diagrams – Plane A ray striking perpendicular to the surface
(parallel to normal) will reflect perpendicular to the surface; the reflected ray is extended behind the mirror
A ray striking at any angle will reflect so that θi = θr; the reflected ray is extended behind the mirror to form the image
Refraction & Lenses A lens uses refraction to cause light to come
together or spread apart Refraction – The bending of light as a result
of light crossing a boundary between two different media EX. Glass, Plastic, Water
Lens – a transparent optical device that is used to converge or diverge light rays (bend light)
Lens Types
Convex Lens (converging lens) – bend parallel light rays passing through them inward toward the focal point Thicker in the center than the edges Light travels slower in the thick center Focal length (f) is always positive
Things to know about Convex lenses… If the object is outside the focal point, it is
real & inverted If the object is at AT the focal point, no
image is formed If the object is inside the focal point, the
image is upright & virtual. Let’s take a look…
The lens equation Mathematical prediction of image location
1/f = 1/di + 1/do
f = focal length di = image distance
do = object distance
Conventions to Know: Focal Length
f is positive for convex lenses Object Distance:
do is positive for REAL objects do is negative for a virtual object*
Image Distance di is positive for a real image (image on other side
of lens) di is negative for a virtual image (image on the
same side of the lens)
Example 1 An object is placed 35 cm from a convex lens
with a focal length of 20 cm. How far is the image from the lens? What type of image is formed?
Example 2 A virtual image is formed 20 cm from a
convex lens having a focal length of 20 cm. How far is the object from the lens? What is the orientation of the image?
Drawing Ray Diagrams - Lenses1) Incident light rays parallel to the principal axis
of a lens are refracted through the focal point (F)* (ray 1)
2) Incident rays that pass through the secondary focal point (F’) are refracted parallel to the principal axis (ray 2)
3) Incident rays passing through the center of lens are not refracted (ray 3)
F’ F
F’ F
F’ F
F’ F