mis 5 telecom
TRANSCRIPT
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Telecommunications and Networks
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Networking the Enterprise
Networking business and employees
Connecting them to customers,
suppliers, and other stakeholders.
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Trends in Telecommunications
IndustryMore competitive
More options for the firmTechnologyUnrestricted connectivity Easy access for end users
Open systems Use common standards for hardware, software,
applications, & networking.
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Trends in Telecommunications (continued)
Technology (continued)High degree of interoperability
Digital networks Higher transmission speeds Moves larger amounts of information Greater economy Lower error rates
Multiple types of communications on the same circuits
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Trends in Telecommunications (continued)
Technology (continued) Fiber-optic lines & cellular, PCS, satellite & other wireless
technologies Faster transmission speeds
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Trends in Telecommunications (continued)
Business applicationsDramatic increase in the number of feasible
telecommunication applications.Cut costs, reduce lead times, shorten response
times, support e-commerce, improve
collaboration, share resources, lock in
customers & suppliers, & develop new products
& services
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The Internet
A network of networks
Popular usesE-mail
Instant messaging
Browsing the World Wide Web
Newsgroups and chat rooms
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The Internet (continued)
The business value of the Internet
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Intranets
Within an organization
Uses Internet technologies
Business value of IntranetsUsed for information sharing, communication,
collaboration, & support of business processes.
Web publishing Comparatively easy, attractive, & lower cost alternative for
publishing & accessing multimedia business information
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Intranets (Portals)
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Extranets
Network links that use Internet
technologies to interconnect the firms
intranet with the intranets of customers,suppliers, or other business partnersConsultants, subcontractors, business
prospects, & others
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Extranets (continued)
Business valueImprove communication with customers
and business partnersGain competitive advantage in Product developmentCost savings
MarketingDistribution Leveraging their partnerships
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Telecommunications Network Alternatives
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A Telecommunications Network Model
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A Telecommunications Network Model
(continued)
Consists of five basic componentsTerminals
Any input/output device that usestelecommunication networks to transmit or
receive data
Telecommunication processors Support data transmission and reception
between terminals and computers
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A Telecommunications Network Model
(continued)
Telecommunications channels The medium over which data are transmitted
and received
Computers Interconnected by telecommunications networks
Telecommunications control software
Control telecommunications activities & managethe functions of telecommunications networks
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Types of Telecommunications Networks
Wide Area Networks (WAN)Cover a large geographic area.
Local Area Networks (LAN)Connect computers & other information
processing devices within a limited physical
area.Connected via ordinary telephone wiring, coaxial
cable, or wireless radio & infrared systems
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Types of Telecommunications Networks
(continued)
Virtual Private NetworksA secure network that uses the Internet as
its main backbone network, but relies onfire walls and other security features
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Types of Telecommunications Networks
(continued)
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Types of Telecommunications Networks
(continued)
Client/Server NetworksClients end user PCs or NCs
Server helps with application processingand also manages the network
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Types of Telecommunications Networks
(continued)
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Types of Telecommunications Networks
(continued)
Network computingthe network is the computer
Thin clients process small application programscalled applets.
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A Telecommunications Network Model
(continued)
Peer-to-Peer (P2P)Two major models
Central server architecture
Pure peer-to-peer
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Telecommunications Media
Twisted-pair wire
Coaxial cable Minimizes interference and
distortion Allows high-speed data
transmission
Fiber optics Glass fiber that conducts
pulses of light generated by
lasers Size and weight reduction Increased speed and carrying
capacity
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Wireless Technologies
Terrestrial MicrowaveLine-of-sight path between relay stations
spaced approximately 30 miles apart.
Communications Satellites
Geosynchronous orbitsServe as relay stations for communications
signals transmitted from earth stations
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Wireless Technologies (continued)
Cellular & PCS SystemsEach cell is typically from one to several
square miles in area.Each cell has its own low-power transmitter
or radio relay antenna.
Computers & other communications
processors coordinate & control the
transmissions to/from mobile users as they
move from one cell to another
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M-commerce
Transactions and non-transaction functions
over wireless networks
Growth due to: Newer and smaller technologies
More mobile populations
Deregulation of telecommunication markets
Less costly infrastructure than wired alternative
Slower to grow in US than Europe and Asia
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M-commerce
Issues
Relatively slow
transmission speeds
Screen size
Battery technology
PDA and smart phone
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Cellular Networks
Overlapping towers
Signal picked up by closest tower and
transferred on AMPS standard (TACS in EUROPE)
PCS and various alternative standards
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Wireless Application Protocol
WAP forum
WAP proxy server
Issues in Web service Requires scaled down sites
Low transmission speed
Non-compatible WAP versions Lack of good WAP-enabled sites
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I-mode
Wireless Internet service
60% of Japanese market
Why so popular? Lack of easy and based Internet access in Japan
Lower PC penetration in Japan
Extensive wireless coverage
Returns money to website providers
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Personal Area Networks
Connection of computer to peripherals or
other computers
Connect PDA and desktop computer Several connection methods:
Bluetooth (radio frequency up to 300 feet)(radio frequency up to 300 feet)
IrDA (Infrared) (cheap)(cheap)
Wireless LAN 802.11b wireless Ethernet (more(more
reliable)reliable)
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New Generations of Wireless Networks
3G network Broadband up to 2 Mbps
Packet switched Combine prior incompatible system
(agreement on standards)(agreement on standards)
Virtual home environment
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Telecommunications Processors
Modems (modulation/demodulation)Changes signals from analog to digital and
back to analog
Multiplexers
Allows a single communication channel tocarry simultaneous data transmissions from
many terminals
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Telecommunications Processors
(continued)
Internetwork ProcessorsSwitches
Makes connections between telecomm circuitsso a message can reach its intended destination
Router Interconnects networks based on different rules
or protocols
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Telecommunications Processors
(continued)
Hub Port switching communications processor
Gateway A processor that interconnects networks that
use different communications architecture
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Telecommunications Software
Provides a variety of communications
support services including connecting &disconnecting communications links &
establishing communications
parameters such as transmissionspeed, mode, and direction.
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Telecommunications Software (continued)
Network ManagementTraffic management
SecurityNetwork monitoring
Capacity planning
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Network Topologies
StarTies end user computers to a central computer
Considered the least reliable
Ring (sometimes called Token Ring)Ties local computer processors together in a ring
on a more equal basis.
Considered more reliable & less costly
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Network Topologies (continued)
BusLocal processors share the same bus, or
communications channelTree is a variation which ties several bus
networks together
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Network Topologies (continued)
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Network Architectures and Protocols
(continued)
OSI Model
TCP/IPTransmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol
Used by the Internet and all intranets andextranets
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Bandwidth Alternatives
Bandwidth is the frequency range of a
telecommunications network
Determines the channels maximumtransmission rate
Measured in bits per second (bps) or baud
Narrow-band Low-speed transmission
BroadbandHigh-speed transmission
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Switched Networks
Packet switchedPacket switched and circuit switchedcircuit switched
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
Frame RelayFrame Relay Committed information rate
Data bursts
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Various speeds and scalability
The Internet