Management is the process of Management is the process of designing and maintaining an designing and maintaining an environment in which environment in which individuals, working together in individuals, working together in groups, efficiently and groups, efficiently and accomplish selected aims.accomplish selected aims.

MANAGEMENT

What is Data?Data consists of a series of facts or statements that may have been collected, stored, processed and/or manipulated but have not been organized or placed into context.

When data is organized or arranged in a meaningful manner, it becomes information.

What is Information?

• Accuracy• Complete• Economical• Reliable• Relevant

• Simple• Timely• Verifiable• Accessible• Secure

CHARACTERISTICS OF VALUABLE INFORMATION

ACCURATE

Accurate information is error free. In some cases inaccurate information is generated because inaccurate data is fed into the transformation process.

COMPLETE

Complete Information contains all the important facts.

ECONOMICAL

Information should be relatively economical to produce.

RELIABLE

Reliable information can be dependent on. In many cases, the reliability of the information depends on the reliability of the data collection method.

RELEVANTRelevant information is important to the decision maker.

SIMPLEInformation should also be simple

TIMELYTimely information is delivered when it is needed

VERIFIABLEInformation should be verifiable. This means that can check it to make sure it is correct.

ACCESSIBLEInformation should be easily accessible by authorized users

SECUREInformation should be secure from access by unauthorized users.

What is a System?

A system is set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals.

The elements themselves and the relationships among them determine how the system works.

System have inputs, processing mechanisms, outputs and feedback.

INFORMATION SYSTEM

Information system is a set of inter-related elements and components that collect (input), manipulate (process), and disseminate (output), data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

FEEDBACK

FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEMSYSTEM

INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS

FEEDBACK

INFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEM

ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

Customers SuppliersCustomers Suppliers

Regulatory Stockholders CompetitorsRegulatory Stockholders CompetitorsAgenciesAgencies

ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Computer-Based Information System

( C B I S )

A computer based information system (CBIS) is a single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store and process data into information

For example :

Payroll System

Order Entry System

Inventory Control System

Components of a CBIS

Hardware

Software Database Telecommunication People Procedures

Hardware

Hardware consists of computer equipment used to perform input, processing and output activities.

Tangible parts of computer systems

Hardware includes :

Input Devices

Processing Devices

Output Devices

Storage Devices

Software

Software is the computer programs that govern the operation of the computer. These programs allow the computer to, for example, process payroll, send bills to customers and provide better customer service

There are two basic types of software:

System Software

Application Software

Database

A database is an organized collection of facts and information

An organization’s database can contain facts and information on customers, employees, sales information and much more.

Different databases include:

Oracle MS-Access SQL Server MYSQL

Telecommunication

Telecommunications is the electronic transmission of signals for communications and enables organizations to carry out their processes and tasks through effective computer networks.

Group of computers connected together is called computer network.

Networks are used to connect computers and computer equipment in a building, around the country, or around the world to enable electronic communication.

People

People are the most important element in most computer-based information system. Computer system personnel include all the people who manage, run programs and maintain the systems.

Procedures

Procedures include the strategies, policies, methods and rules for using a CBIS.

Types of Information Systems

Information SystemInformation System

ManagerialManagerial

T P S

O A S

P C S

M I S

D S S

E I S

OperationalOperational

TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM

( T P S )A Transaction Processing System (TPS) is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices used to record completed business transactions.

Payroll System Inventory Control System