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MIT ICAT MIT ICAT MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans [email protected] Prof J-P Clarke [email protected] Observations of Departure Operations at Newark International Airport

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Page 1: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT

MIT ICATMIT ICAT

M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o nM I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n

Antony D [email protected]

Prof J-P [email protected]

Observations of Departure Operations at

Newark International Airport

Page 2: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT Departure Observations

Newark Site Visit – Thursday June 29, 2000

Middle of a difficult Summer

Thursday before July 4th Weekend

Large delays the previous day

Page 3: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT Newark Airport

Map of Newark Airport

(EWR)

MIT ICATMIT ICAT

11-29

4L-22R

4R-22L

Page 4: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT

New York

New York City AirspaceWith Primary EWR Departure Fixes/Jet-routes

ELIOT

PARKE

LANNA

BIGGY

WHITE

COATE

GAYEL

GREKI

MERIT

JFK

EWR LGA

J95

J36

J60

J80

J6

J48

J75

J209

TEB

Page 5: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT Airport/Airspace Interaction

Weather

Local ATC (Newark Tower)

Airport

Restrictions on Fixes and Jet-routes

Reduced Departure Rate

Airline Schedules

Delays

Congestion

Regional ATC (New York Center and New York Tracon)

Page 6: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT Airport/Airspace Interaction

WeatherWeather

Local ATC (Newark Tower)

Airport

Restrictions on Fixes and Jet-routes

Reduced Departure Rate

Airline Schedules

Delays

Congestion

Regional ATC (New York Center and New York Tracon)

Page 7: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT Weather: 9 am

Page 8: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT Weather: 12 pm

Page 9: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT Weather: 3 pm

Page 10: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT Weather: 6 pm

Page 11: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT Weather: 8 pm

Page 12: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT Airport/Airspace Interaction

Weather

Local ATC (Newark Tower)

Airport

Restrictions on Fixes and Jet-routesRestrictions on Fixes and Jet-routes

Reduced Departure Rate

Airline Schedules

Delays

Congestion

Regional ATC (New York Center and New York Tracon)

Page 13: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT

Weather and Restrictions: West Routes

Thursday 6/29/00

ELIOT/J60 Weather

ELIOT/J80 Weather

ELIOT/J60 Restriction

ELIOT/J80 Restriction

4:10 4:34 4:58 5:46 6:34 7:22 7:46 8:12 8:37 9:02 9:26 10:16 10:40 11:2811:29

10:30 1:30 6:11 7:45 8:00 8:28 8:53 9:45 10:08 10:32 11:55

10:30 1:30 6:176:17 8:00 8:288:28 9:45 10:0810:08 10:32 11:55

PARKE/J6 Weather

PARKE/J6 Restrictions

11:16 12:04 5:22 6:10 6:34 6:58 7:46 8:12 8:37 9:02 9:21 9:39 9:50 10:0310:1510:16 11:04 11:28

10:30 12:0012:00 3:30 7:427:447:457:53 8:15 10:32 10:55 11:59

LANNA/J48 Weather

LANNA/J48 Restrictions

11:16 1:44 6:34 6:58 7:46 8:12 8:37 9:26 9:52 10:15 10:3010:3010:3110:43 10:5710:58 11:2811:29

10:15 4:00 4:555:055:05 7:227:25 7:37 7:52 10:15 10:3010:43 11:1111:12 11:55

BIGGY/J75 Weather

BIGGY/J75 Restrictions

11:16 11:40 12:04 2:34 7:22 7:46 8:37 9:02 9:26 10:16 10:4010:4310:56 11:2211:2811:28

10:30 11:00 12:04 12:45 1:191:201:29 3:16 4:54 5:075:08 7:227:25 7:52 9:5910:08 10:34 11:12 11:4511:55

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19Eastern Summer Time:

Weather Impacting Jet-route or Fix

Restrictions Applied to Jet-route or Fix

Page 14: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT Airport/Airspace Interaction

Weather

Local ATC (Newark Tower)

Airport

Restrictions on Fixes and Jet-routes

Reduced Departure RateReduced Departure Rate

Airline Schedules

Delays

Congestion

Regional ATC (New York Center and New York Tracon)

Page 15: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT

Restrictions and Departure Rate: West Fixes

Cumulative Number of Flights for

ELIOT

PARKE

LANNA

BIGGY

Eastern Daylight Time

-- Scheduled Departures

-- Actual Departures

Page 16: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 0:00 1:00

Eastern Standard Time

Cumulative Schedule

Cumulative Departures

Cumulative Number of Flights

Restrictions and Departure Rate: BIGGY

Page 17: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT Airport/Airspace Interaction

Weather

Local ATC (Newark Tower)

Airport

Restrictions on Fixes and Jet-routes

Reduced Departure Rate

Airline Schedules

DelaysDelays

Congestion

Regional ATC (New York Center and New York Tracon)

Page 18: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT Impact on Delays

Thursday 6/29/00

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23Eastern Summer Time:

North Weather

North Restrictions

11:3011:30 3:11 4:45 5:22 6:33 8:31

11:58 12:2512:38 3:15 7:58 11:10

West Weather

West Restrictions

7:27 10:16 11:33 12:13 12:34 1:501:591:592:11 2:31 2:54 5:01 7:27 8:50 9:049:05 9:26 9:459:56

12:591:08 3:37 5:49 6:09 6:356:37 7:55 9:329:349:439:469:52 10:17

South Weather

South Restrictions

7:01 12:59

7:02 1:231:24 5:41

Instantaneous Total Minutes of Departure Delay

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0

Eastern Summer Time

0

1000

Weather Impacting Jet-route or Fix

Restrictions Applied to Jet-route or Fix

Jet-route or Fix closed

Page 19: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT Communication

Three way Communication System:

Continental Airlines:

NY Center and Tracon

EWR Tower Airline

NY Center and Tracon

EWR Tower COA Ramp Tower

Operations Center

Houston

Page 20: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT Summary of Key Observations

Correlations between Restrictions and Weather not Optimum Some fixes restricted when unaffected by weather Capacity opportunity missed

Restriction/Re-route optimization required

Ground delays result directly from airspace constraints

Not only ground operation problems

Communication

No feed-forwardDelay reductions possible

Page 21: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT Future Work

In-depth study of communication within Continental Airlines

In-depth study effects of schedule changes on delays

Historical overview outlining growth in air traffic since

deregulation

Description of issues and challenges facing other airports

Synthesis of most effective practices in addressing

challenges faced

Page 22: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT

Summary of Day’s Weather EWR, June 29, 2000

Morning: front passes EWR to the South – affects West and South routes

Afternoon and Evening: front moves through from the North West – affects North & West routes

Late Afternoon: front moves through the South – affects South routes

Clear skies over EWR all day

Page 23: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT

Ice

10 Miles in Trail (MIT) 15 MIT 20 MIT 30 MIT

40 MIT Closed Re-route

ATC

Weather Light Precipitation Heavy Precipitation

Mild Precipitation

Weather and Restrictions: West Routes

Thursday 6/29/00

ELIOT/J60 Weather

ELIOT/J80 Weather

ELIOT/J60 Restriction

ELIOT/J80 Restriction

12:32 1:20 3:22 3:46 4:10 4:34 4:58 5:22 5:46 6:106:14 6:34 7:22 7:46 8:12 8:37 9:26 10:16 11:2811:29

4:10 4:34 4:58 5:46 6:34 7:22 7:46 8:12 8:37 9:02 9:26 10:16 10:40 11:2811:29

10:30 1:30 6:11 7:45 8:00 8:28 8:53 9:45 10:08 10:32 11:55

10:30 1:30 6:176:17 8:00 8:288:28 9:45 10:0810:08 10:32 11:55

PARKE/J6 Weather

PARKE/J6 Restrictions

11:16 12:04 5:22 6:10 6:34 6:58 7:46 8:12 8:37 9:02 9:21 9:39 9:50 10:0310:1510:16 11:04 11:28

10:30 12:0012:00 3:30 7:427:447:457:53 8:15 10:32 10:55 11:59

LANNA/J48 Weather

LANNA/J48 Restrictions

11:16 1:44 6:34 6:58 7:46 8:12 8:37 9:26 9:52 10:15 10:3010:3010:3110:43 10:5710:58 11:2811:29

10:15 4:00 4:555:055:05 7:227:25 7:37 7:52 10:15 10:3010:43 11:1111:12 11:55

BIGGY/J75 Weather

BIGGY/J75 Restrictions

11:16 11:40 12:04 2:34 7:22 7:46 8:37 9:02 9:26 10:16 10:4010:4310:56 11:2211:2811:28

10:30 11:00 12:04 12:45 1:191:201:29 3:16 4:54 5:075:08 7:227:25 7:52 9:5910:08 10:34 11:12 11:4511:55

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19Eastern Summer Time:

Page 24: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT Impact on Delays

Thursday 6/29/00

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23Eastern Summer Time:

North Weather

North Restrictions

11:3011:30 3:11 4:45 5:22 6:33 8:31

11:58 12:2512:38 3:15 7:58 11:10

Restricted Severely restricted ClosuresATC

Weather Light Heavy PrecipitationMild

West Weather

West Restrictions

7:27 10:16 11:33 12:13 12:34 1:501:591:592:11 2:31 2:54 5:01 7:27 8:50 9:049:05 9:26 9:459:56

12:591:08 3:37 5:49 6:09 6:356:37 7:55 9:329:349:439:469:52 10:17

South Weather

South Restrictions

7:01 12:59

7:02 1:231:24 5:41

Instantaneous Total Minutes of Departure Delay

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0

Eastern Summer Time

0

1000

Page 25: MIT ICAT MIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Antony D Evans antonye@MIT.EDU Prof J-P Clarke johnpaul@MIT.EDU

MIT ICATMIT ICAT Communication

Illustration of EWR Tower / Airline communication

COA167 to John Wayne Airport, Orange County, CA (SNA)

Scheduled Departure 6:50pm

7:50pm Continental Airlines calls Tower

COA167 will miss curfew at SNA unless it leaves

Tower gives permission for COA167 to skip to front of departure queue

on condition another COA goes to back of queue

COA167 departs at 8:04pm

(No COA is ever moved to back of queue)


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