mitochondria and chloroplasts energy powerhouses maddie hughes, izzie gall, erin semple, alex...
TRANSCRIPT
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Energy powerhouses
Maddie Hughes, Izzie Gall, Erin Semple,Alex Capaldo, Alex Park
Mitochondria
• Power centers of a cello Plant or animal
• Provide energy for the cell o Motiono Divisiono Secretiono Contraction
• Present in all living cells • More concentrated in muscle cells• The reason animals require oxygen
Mitochondria: Structure
• Double membraneo Outer membrane
Simple phospholipid bilayer Easy for molecules like ATP or sugar to
penetrate Smooth Separates inner membrane space from vacuole
o Inner membrane Cristae greatly increase the membrane's
surface area Site of ATP production from oxygen and sugar
Krebs/citric acid cycle
Mitochondria: Structure
• Non-membrane spaceso Intermembrane space
Between outer and inner membranes Contains energy before it is released to the
cytoplasm/vacuole Contains oxygen, water, CO2 on their way to
cristaeo Matrix
Within cristae Contains enzymes used during Krebs cycle
Chloroplasts
• Aid the mitochondria in energy productiono Plant cells only
• Contain chlorophyllo Absorbs lighto Responsible for green coloration
• Responsible for creation of oxygen
Chloroplasts: Structure
• Double membraneo Outer membrane
Simple phospholipid bilayer Easy for molecules like ATP or sugar to
penetrate Smooth
o Inner membrane Regulates substances entering chloroplast Smooth
• Thylakoids Location of photosynthesis (the "light" reactions) Membrane disks
Equivalent of mitochondrial cristae Arranged in grana (stacks)
Chloroplasts: Structure
• Non-membrane spaceso Stroma
Space between thylakoid disks Site of "dark" reactions of photosynthesis Contains the enzymes required for these
reactions
Chloroplasts • Create energy for the
cello Convert light into
ATP • Plant cells only • Create O2 and carbs• Double membrane • Krebs cycle
o Takes place on thylakoids, separate from membranes
Mitochondria • Create energy for the
cello Convert food energy
into ATP • Plant and animal cells • Consume O2 and carbs• Double membrane • Calvin cycle
o Takes place on cristae, identical to the inner membrane
o
Sources
HyperPhysics. C.R. Knave/Georgia State University, 2005. Web. 1 Sept. 2009. <http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/HBASE/Biology/mitochondria.html>.Sullivan, Jim. "Eucaryotic Cell Interactive Animation." 2006. Cells Alive. 31 Aug. 2009 <http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm>.Experimental Biosciences: Introductory Laboratory Bios 211. David R. Caprette, Rice University, 25 June 2009. Web. 2 Sept. 2009. <http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/studies/mitochondria/mitotheory.html>. "Chloroplasts." Kimball's Biology Pages. Ed. John W. Kimball. John W. Kimball, 10 August 2003. Web. 2 Sept. 2009. http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/>.