Abnormal Mitochondrial Abnormal Mitochondrial DiseasesDiseases

What are mitochondria ? What’s the mitochondria disease? What causes mitochondria disease? What Symptoms could result from abnormal

mitochondria? What should we do to conquer this disease? Parkinson's disease —The most popular

disease caused by disorder of mitochondria.

Catalog Catalog

A mitochondrion (singular of mitochondria) is part of every cell in the body that contains genetic material. Mitochondria are responsible for processing oxygen and converting substances from the foods we eat into energy for essential cell functions. Mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP, which is then transported to the cytoplasm of a cell for use in numerous cell functions.

Mitochondria Mitochondria

Mitochondria are responsible for producing most of the energy that's needed for our cells to function. In fact, they provide such an important source of energy that a typical human cell contains hundreds of them. A mitochondrial disease can shut down some or all the mitochondria, cutting off this essential energy supply. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations is thought to be the reason which cause mitochondria disease

Mitochondria DiseasesMitochondria Diseases

Symptoms of abnormal mitochondrialSymptoms of abnormal mitochondrial

Poor growth Loss of muscle coordination, muscle

weakness Visual or hearing problems Developmental delays, learning disabilities Mental retardationHeart, liver, or kidney disease Gastrointestinal disorders severe

constipation

Symptoms of abnormal mitochondrialSymptoms of abnormal mitochondrial

Respiratory disorders Diabetes （糖尿病） Increased risk of infection Neurological problems, seizures Thyroid dysfunction （甲状腺功能紊乱）Dementia(痴呆 )

Causes of mitochondrial disease Causes of mitochondrial disease

DNA (DNA contained in the nucleus of the cell) inheritance

MtDNA (DNA contained in the mitochondria) inheritance

Combination of mtDNA and nDNA defects

Random occurrences

Treatment Treatment

Certain vitamin and enzyme therapies

Diet therapy

Antioxidant treatments

Parkinson’s Disease (PD)Parkinson’s Disease (PD)

Parkinson's disease is a disorder of the brain characterized by shaking (tremor) and difficulty with walking, movement, and coordination. The disease is associated with damage to a part of the brain that is involved with movement.

Causes of PDCauses of PDParkinson‘s disease is caused by progressive deterioration of the nerve cells of the part of the brain that controls muscle movement. Dopamine(多巴胺 ), which is one of the substances used by cells to transmit impulses, is normally produced in this area. Deterioration of this area of the brain reduces the amount of dopamine available to the body.

Insufficient dopamine disturbs the balance between dopamine and other transmitters, such as acetylcholine(乙酰胆碱 ). Without dopamine, the nerve cells cannot properly transmit messages, and this results in the loss of muscle function.

communication network in nervous system

Healthy balance of dopamine and acetylcholine

Imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine in Parkinson's disease.

signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease

Tremors Slowed motion (bradykinesia). Rigid muscles Loss of automatic movements Impaired speech Difficulty swallowing Dementia

Treatment Treatment

Drug treatmentDrug treatment

The most successful treatment that we can reduce our pain caused by Parkinson’s disease.

Surgical TreatmentSurgical Treatment

Recent advances in neuroimaging and stereotactic surgery have led to a renaissance in neurosurgery for Parkinson’s disease.

I believe that we can finally conquer our diseases caused by all abnormal organs , and make our life long!