mitosis
DESCRIPTION
The process of mitosis cell division.TRANSCRIPT
MITOSIS
How somatic (non-sex cells) divide and multiply.
Interphase the cell gets itself ready for mitosis the phase of the cell cycle in which the cell
spends the majority of its time and performs the majority of its purposes including preparation for cell division
In preparation for cell division, it increases its size and makes a copy of its DNA
the cell obtains nutrients, grows, reads its DNA
Prophase
the chromosomes become visible
the centrosomes start to move away f rom each other
the nuclear envelope starts to disperse
the spindle begins to f orm
the nucleoli disappear
Chromatin present in the nucleus starts to condense and it can be
seen through the light microscope as chromosomes. The nucleolus
disappears. I t begins to move to opposite poles of the cell and
fibers extend f rom the centromeres.
Prophase
Prometaphase
Prometaphase
tetrads become connected to the spindle fibers by kinetochores
the nuclear envelope f ragments
Microtubules emerging f rom the centromeres at the poles (ends)
of the spindle reach the chromosomes
each sister chromatid has a protein structure called a
kinetochore
Some of the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores,
throwing the chromosomes into agitated motion
The nuclear membrane will be dissolved and it indicates the start
of prometaphase stage. Kinetochores will be created because of
the attachment of proteins to the centromeres. The
chromosomes begin its movement when Microtubules attach at
the kinetochores.
MetaphaseMetaphase plate
Centrosome at one spindle pole
Spindle
Metaphase
the alignment of chromosomes at the center of the cell
the separation of sister chromatids to opposite mitotic spindle poles
the centrosomes are now at opposite poles of the cell
Spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the middle of the cell nucleus named metaphase plate
Anaphase
Daughter chromosomes
Anaphase
the chromatids separate and move toward the spindle poles
Anaphase begins when the duplicated centromeres of each pair of
sister chromatids separate
At the end of anaphase, a complete set of chromosomes are
assembled at each pole of the cell.
The chromosome pairs separate at the kinetochores and move to
opposite sides of the cell.
Telophase and Cytokinesis
Telophase and Cytokinesis
The polar fibers continue to lengthen
Nuclei (plural f orm of nucleus) begin to f orm at opposite poles
The nuclear envelopes of these nuclei are f ormed f rom remnant
pieces of the parent cell's nuclear envelope
Nucleoli (plural f orm of nucleolus) also reappear
Chromatin fibers of chromosomes uncoil
Af ter these changes, telophase is complete and the genetic
"contents" of one cell have been divided equally into two
Cytokinesis, the division of the original cell's cytoplasm, begins
prior to the end of mitosis and completes shortly af ter telophase
I n animal cells, cytokinesis involves involves the f ormation of a
cleavage f urrow, which pinches the cell in two
At the end of cytokinesis, there are two distinct daughter cells
MITOSIS
The two daughter cells now become parent cells
and each produce two more daughter cell. This
process continues to repeat