mitosis notes 5.2
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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
KEY CONCEPT Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis.
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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis.
• DNA wraps around proteins (histones) that condense it.
DNA doublehelix
DNA andhistones
Chromatin SupercoiledDNA
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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
• DNA plus proteins is called chromatin.
• One half of a duplicated chromosome is a chromatid.
• Sister chromatids are held together at the centromere.
• Telomeres protect DNA and do not include genes.
Condensed, duplicated chromosome
chromatid
telomere
centromere
telomere
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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Parent cell
centrioles
spindle fibers
centrosome
nucleus withDNA
• Interphase prepares the cell to divide.
• During interphase, the DNA is duplicated.
Mitosis and cytokinesis produce two genetically identical daughter cells.
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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
• Mitosis divides the cell’s nucleus in four phases.
– During prophase, chromosomes condense and spindle fibers form.
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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
• Mitosis divides the cell’s nucleus in four phases.
– During metaphase, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
• Mitosis divides the cell’s nucleus in four phases.
– During anaphase, sister chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell.
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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
• Mitosis divides the cell’s nucleus in four phases.
– During telophase, the new nuclei form and chromosomes begin to uncoil.
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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
• Cytokinesis differs in animal and plant cells.
– In animal cells, the membrane pinches closed.
– In plant cells, a cell plate forms.