Mitosis vs Meiosis

By Victoria C12TAR

Mitosis

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MitosisMitosis is a type of cell division which results in two daughters which are identical to the parent cell. The cells have the same amount of chromosomes. Mitosis’s main purpose is for growth and repair in normal body cells and in unicellular organisms for asexual reproduction. This allows normal body cells to repair injuries. It also occurs once a cell becomes too big to increase the surface to ratio volume, so that the cell can work more effeciently.

Mitosis Certain steps have to take place for mitosis. Firstly, interphase. This is where the chromosomes replicate and move to each end of the cell. The nuclear membrane disappears. Metaphase is when the spindle fibres form to organise the chromatids along the cells centre. Anaphase is when the spindle fibres pull the chromatids apart. Telophase is when new nuclei form and lastly cytokinesis- when the division of the cytoplasm is complete and the two new cells are completely formed.

Meiosis

                                                                                                                                                 

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MeiosisMeiosis is the type of cell division which produces germ cells (eggs and sperm). Meiosis involves a reduction in the amount of genetic material.

Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction and occurs in all organisms which reproduce sexually. Each cell has half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. If it wasn’t for meiosis each generation would have twice the chromosomes as the previous generation. It also produces variation amongst offspring

Meiosis occurs in two stages: Meiosis One and Meiosis Two

Meiosis One• Interphase- where the chromosomes replicate and move to each

end of the cell. The nuclear membrane disappears.

• Prophase- the chromatin condense to form double chromotids and swap sections of DNA.

• Metaphase- is when the spindle fibres form to organise the chromatids along the cells centre.

• Anaphase- is when the spindle fibres pull the chromatids apart.

• Telophase- is when the new nuclei form

• Cytokenesis- when the division is complete and the two new cells are completely formed.

Meiosis Two• Metaphase- spindle fibres form once again and move to

organise the chromotids in the centre of the cell.

• Anaphase- the chromotids are pulled apart by the spindle fibres

• Telophase- new nuclei form

• Cytokenesis- division of the cytoplasm is complete and there are now four new cells, each with a half set of chromosomes

Similarities

•Both are forms of cell division

•In both processes DNA is replicated

•And both processes are necessary

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Differences

•Both produce different things. Meiosis produces gametes and Mitosis produces somatic cells.

•In Meiosis cells divide twice and in Mitosis the cells only divide once.