ml&p safety manual - municipal light and power
TRANSCRIPT
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Municipal Light & Power 1200 E. 1st Ave.
Anchorage, AK 99501
Safety Office: (907) 263-5427 Environmental Office: (907) 263-5273 Dispatch: (907) 263-5456
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………................12 LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………………………..12 VISION STATEMENT……………………………………………………………………………14 SAFETY POLICY........................................................................................................................... 16 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 17 FORWARD...................................................................................................................................... 18 SECTION 1: EMERGENCY ACTIONS ........................................................................................ 22 1.0 First Aid Kits..................................................................................................................... 22 1.1 Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) .......................................................................... 22 1.2 Emergency Action Plans (EAPs) ...................................................................................... 22 1.3 Emergency Phone Numbers.............................................................................................. 23 1.4 Firefighting ....................................................................................................................... 23 1.5 Emergency Eyewash and Showers ................................................................................... 23 1.6 Reporting Employee Injuries ............................................................................................ 24 1.7 Reporting Vehicle Mishaps............................................................................................... 25 SECTION 2: GENERAL RULES ................................................................................................... 26
2.0 Job Safety Briefing ........................................................................................................... 26
2.1 Reporting Hazardous Conditions...................................................................................... 26
2.2 Taking Risks ..................................................................................................................... 29
2.3 Practical Jokes................................................................................................................... 29
2.4 Warnings ........................................................................................................................... 29
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2.5 Intoxicating Beverages and Drugs .................................................................................... 29
2.6 Housekeeping.................................................................................................................... 29
2.7 Smoking ............................................................................................................................ 30
2.8 Reserved…........................................................................................................................ 30
2.9 General Machinery and Machine Guarding …................................................................. 30
2.10 Hand Tools........................................................................................................................ 31
2.11 Portable Electric Tools...................................................................................................... 32
2.12 Pneumatic (Compressed Air) Tools.................................................................................. 33
2.13 Hydraulic Tools ................................................................................................................ 34
2.14 Powder Actuated Tools..................................................................................................... 34
2.15 Safe Supports and Scaffolds ............................................................................................. 35
2.16 Ladders – General ............................................................................................................. 36
2.17 Straight Ladders ................................................................................................................ 37
2.18 Step Ladders...................................................................................................................... 38
2.19 Material Lifting................................................................................................................. 38
2.20 Explosives ......................................................................................................................... 38
2.21 Compressed Gases ............................................................................................................ 39
2.22 Hot Work .......................................................................................................................... 40
2.23 Gas Welding and Cutting.................................................................................................. 47
2.24 Electric Arc Welding ........................................................................................................ 48
2.25 Overhead Cranes (Facility) ............................................................................................... 48 2.26 Slings................................................................................................................................. 50 2.27 Jacks.................................................................................................................................. 52
2.28 Communication Facilities ................................................................................................. 52
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SECTION 3: HAZARD PROTECTION......................................................................................... 53
3.0 Confined Spaces................................................................................................................ 53 3.1 Permit Required Confined Spaces .................................................................................... 53 3.2 Enclosed Spaces................................................................................................................ 53 3.3 Hazard Communications................................................................................................... 57 3.4 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)................................................................................. 58 3.5 Hearing Conservation ....................................................................................................... 60 3.6 Lighting............................................................................................................................. 62 3.7 Asbestos Management ...................................................................................................... 62 3.8 Ventilation......................................................................................................................... 63 3.9 Respiratory Protection ...................................................................................................... 63 3.10 Fall Protection................................................................................................................... 63
3.11 Excavation and Trenching ................................................................................................ 64
3.12 Physical Agent Data Sheet (PADS).................................................................................. 67
3.13 Air Receivers .................................................................................................................... 70
3.14 Mold Remediation ............................................................................................................ 71
3.15 Working On or Near Exposed Energized Parts…………………………………………..83
SECTION 4: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)................................................... .85
4.0 Equipment Procurement.................................................................................................... .85
4.1 Contractors, Employee Visitors, Affected Employees, Guests and Tour Groups ............ .85
4.2 General Information.......................................................................................................... .85
4.3 Contractors........................................................................................................................ .85
4.4 Employee Visitors............................................................................................................. .85
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4.5 Affected Employees.......................................................................................................... .86
4.6 Guests and Tour Groups ................................................................................................... .86
4.7 Technical Tour Groups ..................................................................................................... .86
4.8 Head Protection................................................................................................................. .88
4.9 Eye and Face Protection.................................................................................................... .90
4.10 Hearing Protection ............................................................................................................ .95
4.11 Hand Protection / General / Chemical .............................................................................. .96
4.12 Hand Protection / Electrical .............................................................................................. .101
4.13 Foot Protection.................................................................................................................. .106
4.14 Protective Clothing ........................................................................................................... .110
SECTION 5: HAZARDOUS ENERGY ISOLATION (Lock-Out/Tag-Out) ................................. .112
5.0 General.............................................................................................................................. .112 5.1 Preparation for Lock-Out/Tag-Out ................................................................................... .113 5.2 General Lock-Out/Tag-Out Procedure ............................................................................. .113 5.3 Extended Lock-Out/Tag-Out ............................................................................................ .114 5.4 Release from Lock-Out/Tag-Out ...................................................................................... .114 5.5 Lock-Out/Tag-Out for Electrical Plug in Equipment ....................................................... .115 5.6 Lock-Out/Tag-Out Procedure Involving more than One Employee................................. .116
5.7 Managements Removal of Lock-Out/Tag-Out ................................................................. .116
5.8 Contractors........................................................................................................................ .116
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SECTION 6: FIELD WORK AREA PROTECTION ..............................................................117
6.0 General.......................................................................................................................117
6.1 Equipment ..................................................................................................................118
6.2 Flagmen......................................................................................................................118
6.3 Working in a DOT “Right-of-Way” ..........................................................................119
SECTION 7: TREE TRIMMING.............................................................................................120
7.0 General.......................................................................................................................120
7.1 Working near Energized Conductors.........................................................................122
7.2 Tree Felling................................................................................................................122
7.3 Care and Use of Tools and Ropes..............................................................................123
7.4 Power Trimming Equipment......................................................................................123
7.5 Chippers .....................................................................................................................124
7.6 Right-of-Way Clearing and Maintenance..................................................................125
7.7 Use of Herbicides and Other Chemicals....................................................................125
SECTION 8: OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION .................................127
8.0 General.......................................................................................................................127
8.1 Live Line Tools…………………………………………………………………... 129
8.2 Climbing and Working on Poles................................................................................129
8.3 Pole Top Rescue ........................................................................................................131
8.4 Working on Energized Lines with Live Line Tools ..................................................134
8.5 Working on De-Energized Lines and Equipment ......................................................135
8.6 Working in Substations or Switchyards.....................................................................136
8.7 Working on Transformers..........................................................................................136
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8.8 Hoisting Cables – Conductive Material.....................................................................137
8.9 Working on Capacitors ..............................................................................................137
8.10 Poly-Chlorinated-Byphenols (PCBs): Trade-Names: Pyranol, Askeral, Inerteen.....137
8.11 Stringing or Removing De-Energized Conductors ....................................................138
8.12 Stringing Adjacent to Energized Lines ......................................................................139
8.13 Grounding – General..................................................................................................140
8.14 Equipotential Grounding............................................................................................141
8.15 Temporary Storage of Poles.......................................................................................142
8.16 Setting and Removing Poles ......................................................................................143
SECTION 9: UNDERGROUND LINES AND EQUIPMENT................................................146
9.0 Opening and Guarding Holes.....................................................................................146
9.1 Entering Underground Structures ..............................................................................146
9.2 Work on Energized Cables ........................................................................................146
9.3 Work on De-Energized Cables ..................................................................................147
9.4 Pulling Cables ............................................................................................................148
9.5 Moving Energized Cables..........................................................................................148
9.6 Heating Materials.......................................................................................................148
9.7 Underground Distribution (UD) ................................................................................148
9.8 Opening and Closing Circuits – UD ..........................................................................149
9.9 Grounding – UD ........................................................................................................149
9.10 Work on Energized Equipment – UD........................................................................150
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SECTION 10: VEHICLE OPERATIONS................................................................................151
10.0 General.......................................................................................................................151
10.1 Inspection of Equipment ............................................................................................152
10.2 Exhaust Gas ...............................................................................................................152
10.3 Operation....................................................................................................................152
10.4 Parking .......................................................................................................................153
10.5 Backing ......................................................................................................................154
10.6 Stopping on Highway ................................................................................................155
10.7 Material Hauling ........................................................................................................155
10.8 Industrial Trucks – Fork Lifts ....................................................................................155
10.9 Cranes, Derricks, Hoisting Equipment ......................................................................157
10.10 Rope (Synthetic Fiber – Manila)...............................................................................160
10.11 Cranes, Derricks, Hoisting Equipment around Electrical Lines ...............................161
10.12 Man Baskets/Personnel Platforms ............................................................................162
10.13 Instrument Requirements for Man Baskets/Personnel Platforms .............................163
10.14 Personnel Platforms ..................................................................................................163
10.15 Aerial Lifts……………………………………………………………………..…..168
10.16 Heavy Equipment…………………………………………………………………..170
SECTION 11: FIRE PROTECTION........................................................................................171
11.0 Portable Fire Extinguishers........................................................................................171
11.1 Fire Detection Systems ..............................................................................................172
11.2 Automatic Sprinkler Systems ....................................................................................172
11.3 Fixed Extinguishing Systems.....................................................................................172
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SECTION 12: POWER GENERATION PLANTS..................................................................173
12.0 General.......................................................................................................................173
12.1 Entering Confined Spaces..........................................................................................174
12.2 Boilers ........................................................................................................................174
12.3 Turbine Generators ....................................................................................................175
12.4 Overhead Cranes........................................................................................................175
12.5 Hydrogen Cooling Systems .......................................................................................175
12.6 Acids and Caustics – Storage.....................................................................................176
12.7 Acids and Caustics – Handling..................................................................................177
12.8 Acids and Caustics – General ....................................................................................177
12.9 Hydro Plant ................................................................................................................178
SECTION 13: OFFICE SAFETY............................................................................................179
13.0 General Office Safety ................................................................................................179
13.1 Hallways and Traffic Areas .......................................................................................179
13.2 Offices and Work Areas.............................................................................................179
13.3 Office Equipment.......................................................................................................180
13.4 Office Ergonomics .....................................................................................................181
13.5 Hostile Situations…………………………………………………………………...181
SECTION 14: OTHER SAFETY PROGRAM ELEMENTS ..................................................182
14.0 Investigations .............................................................................................................182
14.1 Inspections .................................................................................................................182
14.2 Safety Awards Program .............................................................................................186
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SECTION 15: DEFINITIONS………………………………………………………..............189 REVISION FORM....................................................................................................................197 TABLES
3-1 Atmospheric Conditions……………………………...……………………….…......56 3-2 Noise Levels.…………………………………………………………………..…......61 3-3 Excavation Side Slope…………………………………………………………... ......66 3-4 Clean Water Clean Up...……………………………..……………………………....77 3-5 Clean Water Mold Growth Clean Up…..……………………………………………79 3-6 Vault Remediation….…………………………………………………………..........82 4-1 Personal Protective Equipment Hazard Matrix………………………………….…...87 4-2 Eye and Face Protection…………………………………………………...................93 4-3 Welding and Cutting Filter Guide…………………………………………................94 4-4 Chemical Glove Selection Guide….………………………………………................98 4-5 Rubber Glove Class / Voltage….………………………………………………..... 101 4-6 Gauntlet and Cuff Distance…..……………………………………………….…….103 8-1 Minimum Approach Distances……………………………………………….…….128
FIGURES 2-1 Hazard Report………………………………………………….…………………......28 2-2 Hot Work Permit………………………………………………………………..…….46
3-1 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)……………………….…………..………..........59 6-1 Work Area Protection…………………………………………………..…………...117 8-1 Rescue Position..………………………………………………………..……....…...132
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8-2 Rescue Line Position………………………………………………………………...133 8-3 Pole Top Rescue……………………………………………………………………..134 8-4 Signals for Line Work……………………………………………………………….144 8-5 Truck Hoist Signals……………………………………………………..……...........145 10-1 Hill Parking…………………………………………………………………………. 154 10-2 Wire Rope Clamping……………………………………………………………..… 160 10-3 Standard Derrick Hand Signals………………………………………………......… 167 14-1 Safety Inspection Report………………………………………………………….....185 14-2 Safety Award Nomination….……………………………………………..................188
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Safety Policy Safety must always be our top priority here at ML&P. If someone is seriously injured or our resources are damaged while providing power to our customers—then the cost of that power is too high in human terms. People are our most valuable asset and we must protect them as such. Safety must
be the central element in everything we do every day. To accomplish this, we must cultivate a safe environment for both our employees and our customers. Each of us must take personal responsibility for our own safety and for safety within our organization. The two most valuable tools in preventing mishaps are: eliminating unsafe acts and eliminating unsafe conditions. Unsafe acts simply cannot be tolerated; managers and supervisors must do their part in eliminating them. All of us here at ML&P must work together in identifying and eliminating unsafe conditions as quickly and cost effectively as possible. As General Manager I personally challenge and encourage every member of ML&P, regardless of position and without fear of reprisal, to immediately stop any operation when safety is in doubt. Let your supervisor know what is going on, and they will take appropriate actions to ensure safety is not compromised. We will utilize all necessary resources to correct the condition and only after the integrity of safety is restored will the operation continue. Safety is a full-time team effort and every member of this organization must invest the time and energy needed to reduce hazards and the potential for mishaps to the absolute minimum. This commitment will enable us to protect not only our resources, but our most valuable asset—people, and continue to provide safe reliable energy to our customers well into the future. James M. Posey
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INTRODUCTION Welcome to the Municipal Light & Power (ML&P) Safety Manual. It has been developed by the employees and management of ML&P to help create and maintain a safe and healthy working environment for all employees through the development of safety rules and guidelines. The rules and guidelines contained in this manual are based on proven industry standards and years of practical experience in the electric utility industry. Regardless of what position you hold at ML&P, we all share a responsibility to work safely and to not endanger ourselves or others in the performance of our duties. The ML&P Safety Manual is a tool to help us fulfill those safety responsibilities. It must be understood that common sense, caution and care are factors that cannot be written into any policy, program or manual; these factors must be supplied by you.
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FORWARD MISHAP PREVENTION: No part of any operation is of greater importance than mishap prevention. The degree of safety and the results accomplished are directly proportional to the effort expended to control the conditions, practices and human actions that are responsible for mishaps. No job is so important that you cannot take time to do it safely. PURPOSE AND SCOPE: The purpose of the ML&P Safety Manual is to assist in the elimination or prevention of mishaps. This manual implements the requirements outlined in the Codes of Federal Regulations (CFR): 29 CFR 1910, 1926, and all applicable State and Municipal Codes. It establishes responsibilities, procedures, practices, instructions in safety for all ML&P employees, as well as visitors to all ML&P facilities and work locations. EFFECTIVENESS: This manual becomes effective on the date of issuance. Compliance by every employee is mandatory and is considered a condition of employment. Existing governmental codes, statutes, rules and orders shall be considered a part of this manual and where any conflict exists between the two, the most stringent shall be followed.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REQUIREMENTS: ML&P is responsible for mandating that its employees comply with all applicable aspects of Federal Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) rules (or as modified by the State) and may be subject to severe penalties for violation of those rules by any employee. As stated by the OSHA, “Each Employee shall comply with occupational safety and health standards and all rules, regulations, and orders issued pursuant to this Act which are applicable to his own actions and conduct”.
Those employees who do not adhere to the rules outlined in the ML&P Safety Manual or other company safety requirements shall be subject to disciplinary action, which may include dismissal. RESPONSIBILITIES OF ML&P: ML&P will exercise responsibility for safety by developing and maintaining an active safety program. ML&P shall provide and maintain required safety protective devices and instruct its workers in their proper use. ML&P requires their employees to observe and enforce safety rules as prescribed herein. ML&P will appoint a representative to investigate all accidents of a serious nature and where possible, take remedial steps to prevent repetition of similar accidents. When formal investigations or hearings are held on accidents of unusual severity, the ML&P representative in charge of the investigation may request the Union to designate a representative to be present.
ML&P Safety Director Responsibilities: The safety director must set the safety example for employees to follow. This is accomplished by developing the overall direction of ML&P’s safety program, the safety goals and objectives for ML&P, the ML&P Safety Manual and reviewing its contents annually for currency to ensure updates are initiated as needed, evaluating and reporting worksite safety to the general and division managers as appropriate, advising managers, foremen and supervisors on safety
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procedures and practices for the work being done and periodically evaluating the effectiveness and compliance with this manual through spot inspections.
ML&P Division Managers Responsibilities: Division managers must set the safety example for their employees to follow. This is accomplished by ensuring that the requirements outlined in this manual are strictly adhered to by all affected employees, that all injuries and mishaps are reported, that approved and safe equipment is available to their employees and that unsafe conditions are thoroughly investigated and mitigated as applicable.
Division managers must ensure that all personnel receive training in safety and that employees are appropriately disciplined and/or re-trained accordingly for non-compliance with this manual. Managers should frequently attend division safety meetings.
ML&P Workplace Superintendents Must: Set the safety example for their employees to follow, ensure the requirements outlined in this manual are strictly enforced and adhered to by all affected employees, visitors and contractors within the supervisors’ respective area. Supervisors shall ensure that all injuries and mishaps are properly reported and fully investigated. ML&P Workplace Foremen Must: Set the safety example for their employees to follow. Foremen are responsible for the safety of their respective crews. They must know the jobs their employees are working on and have knowledge of the hazards associated with those jobs. Foremen must ensure that all equipment outlined in this manual is available, used properly, and in good working condition. Foremen must prohibit the use of tools, equipment and work practices that are unsafe. Foremen shall arrange their work in such that their employee’s risk is minimized.
ML&P Employees: ML&P employees must strictly adhere to the requirements outlined in this manual. Employees must not knowingly endanger themselves by action or inaction or endanger the safety of another employee. Additionally, employees shall advise management and the Safety Office of problems arising from the application of this manual.
QUALIFICATIONS FOR DUTY: Any manager, superintendent, supervisor or foreman having reasonable grounds to suspect that an employee under his jurisdiction is unfit for the work assigned, shall prohibit such employee from working until satisfactory evidence indicating his fitness is secured. Any employee who has reason to believe they are unfit for duty due to any physical or mental condition should report their condition to their supervisor.
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INTERPRETATIONS: The stated interpretations for the following words shall be applied throughout this procedure.
May: Permissive choice Must: Mandatory Shall: Mandatory Should: Advisory Will: Mandatory
EQUIPMENT PROCUREMENT: All safety equipment required for employee use as outlined in this manual such as personal protective equipment, meters or monitors will be provided at ML&P’s expense. No custom protective equipment, other than what is required for size or prescription, will be procured by ML&P. CARE IN PERFORMANCE OF DUTIES: Each employee shall use reasonable care in performance of his duties and act in such a manner as to ensure maximum safety to himself, his fellow employees and the public is achieved at all times. REVISIONS AND CHANGES: Proposed revisions or changes to this document will be sent to the Safety Office for review. A “Revision Form” is included on the last page of this manual and shall be used for all proposed changes. GENDER WORDING: Whenever the masculine gender is used in this manual, it is solely for uniformity and convenience and equally applies to the feminine gender.
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EMERGENCY ACTIONS SECTION 1 Overview: This section covers general requirements for employee actions during or following emergency situations. Scope: The contents of this section apply to all work activities and areas. 1.0. First Aid Kits: To ensure prompt treatment of injuries, first aid kits are available in all
ML&P facilities and vehicles. First aid kits located in ML&P facilities will be restocked as needed. The safety office is responsible for restocking these kits and should be contacted if supplies run low. First aid kits located in vehicles are replaced by vehicle maintenance staff when supplies run low.
1.1. Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs): To ensure prompt treatment of cardiac
related emergencies, ML&P has placed AEDs in several facilities. Call 911 if an AED is being used. The safety office manages the AED program at ML&P.
1.2. Emergency Action Plans (EAP): In order to ensure employee safety during emergencies
such as fires or gas leaks that require evacuation of ML&P’s facilities, ML&P has identified actions to be taken by employees.
1.2.1. Facility Evacuations: ML&P’s buildings have emergency evacuation maps posted
throughout them. These maps show the location of all emergency exits within the facility and evacuation collection points. ML&P’s employees must become familiar with the information on the maps within their facility.
1.2.2. Emergency Action Plans (EAPs): EAPs are available for the following facilities:
Operations Bldg. Plant 1 Plant 2 Administrative Bldg. Regulatory Affairs / Transformer Shop Bldg. Technical Services Bldg. Customer Services Bldg.
1.2.3. EAP Locations: EAPs are available on bulletin boards within the specific facilities
and on the ML&P Intranet. For all other facilities without EAPs, the following procedure should be followed during emergencies requiring evacuation.
Notify others in immediate area Activate facility alarm Evacuate by the nearest available exit (see exit maps) Proceed to evacuation collection point (see exit maps) Check in with manager / supervisor at the collection point Manager / supervisor call fire department as backup to alarm
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Manager / supervisor post a person near the facility entry to direct the emergency services personnel
Manager / supervisor report anyone missing to emergency services upon arrival 1.3. Emergency Phone Numbers:
Police 911 Fire 911 Ambulance 911 Dispatch 1 263–5458 Dispatch 2 263–5457 Security (Cell ) 350–0800 Security ( Admin ) 263–5226 Safety (Office ) 263–5427 Safety ( Cell ) 351-5641
1.4. Firefighting: Small fires, in their beginning stages, are the only type of fires that
extinguishment shall be attempted. The primary concern is the safety of the employee. Employees must be familiar with both the location and the operation of all fire fighting equipment in the vicinity of their work area.
MAKE SURE YOUR EXIT PATH IS CLEAR BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO FIGHT
ANY FIRE
1.4.1. Fire Classifications: All employees trained in the use of fire extinguishers must know the classes of fire, their burning characteristics and the proper extinguishing agent to be used.
Class “A” fires involve normal combustibles such as wood and paper.
Extinguishing agents include water, soda-acid and multipurpose dry chemical. Class “B” fires involve oils and flammable liquids. Extinguishing agents
include CO2 and dry chemical. Class “C” fires involve electrical equipment. Extinguishing agents include
CO2 and dry chemical. Halon 1301, Halon 1211, FE36, CO2 and Inergen are gaseous, extinguishing
agents suitable for combating both “Class B” and “Class C” fires, especially at closed indoor locations. Throughout ML&P these agents are used in automatic fire suppression systems. Employees must exit the area immediately if the alarm activates or the system discharges.
1.5. Emergency Eyewash and Showers: Where the eyes or body of any person may be
exposed to injurious materials (corrosives, chemicals, dusts and dirt), suitable facilities
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for quick drenching or flushing of the eye(s) and body must be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use.
1.5.1. Responsibilities: Supervisors responsible for facilities or areas containing eyewash
stations or showers are also responsible for the inspection and maintenance of the equipment.
1.5.2. Refill Schedule: Non-plumbed eyewash stations containing water with no
additives must be refilled monthly. Stations containing water additives should be refilled per additive manufacturer’s instructions.
1.5.3. Inspection Intervals: Eyewash and shower equipment must be inspected and
tested for proper operation at least monthly. Inspections must be documented and records of the same maintained.
1.5.4. Replacement Intervals: Portable eyewash bottles must be replaced when the anti-
tamper seal is broken or the expiration date is expired, whichever is sooner. 1.5.5. Critical Temperatures: Eyewash equipment must not be exposed to freezing
temperatures. 1.6. Reporting Employee Injuries: Injuries must be reported as soon as possible to the
affected or injured employee’s immediate supervisor.
1.6.1. Treatment: All injuries shall be properly treated and reported to the immediate supervisor. All injuries requiring more attention than first aid treatment must also be reported to the affected division manager and safety director.
1.6.2. Documentation: A “Workers Compensation” report should be completed by the
affected employee, and given to the supervisor. If the report is submitted for information only purposes, the employee should write “For Information Only” across the top of the form.
1.6.3. Investigation: The supervisor will conduct a brief investigation to determine the
cause of the injury and complete a “Supervisors Report of Accident”. Photos must be taken if possible.
1.6.4. Reports: Both the “Workers Compensation Report” and “Supervisors Report of
Accident” must be filled out completely and contain enough information to give a good description of the events surrounding the injury.
1.6.5. Notification: Upon completion, all forms must be sent to the safety office as soon
as possible but no later than one (1) workday following the injury.
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1.6.6. Serious Incidents: In the event of a serious or fatal incident, to the extent as possible, the scene shall be preserved in the same condition as when the incident occurred and such that it is safe for employees and the public.
1.7. Reporting Vehicle Mishaps: Vehicle mishaps must be reported immediately to the
immediate supervisor and safety office.
1.7.1. Emergency Contacts: Contact Police, Fire, Rescue, or Medical Services via 911 as appropriate.
1.7.2. Notification: Notify immediate supervisor, their designee, or ML&P Dispatch Center (263-5458 or by radio) and request that the supervisor report to the scene. 1.7.3. Supervisor’s Duties: The supervisor, designee, or dispatch center will contact:
Anchorage Police Department (APD) to investigate all municipal vehicle mishaps. Call APD 786-8500 for non-emergencies
ML&P’s Safety Office at 263-5427 or 351-5641.
MOA Risk Management for notification of property damage, as appropriate at 263-7947, or 7948. After hours 242-9629.
MOA Employee Relations at 727-8191 for drug testing requirement. Beacon OHSS Drug testing after hours at 222-7612, press 2
ML&P Vehicle Maintenance Section as needed for vehicle recovery and assessment at 317-7171..
1.7.4. Scene Preservation: The vehicle must not be moved unless its current location creates a hazard. 1.7.5. Collecting Data: If the mishap is minor and after contacting the APD for investigation, the APD states that they cannot respond or they have not shown up in a reasonable amount of time one (1) hour, the driver and supervisor will collect as much information as possible and proceed to the APD to complete a police report on the accident. 1.7.6. Driver’s Responsibilities: The vehicle driver must complete an “Automobile/Equipment Accident Report” and give it to their supervisor. Copies of blank reports are located in each vehicle’s glove compartments. 1.7.7. Investigation: The supervisor will conduct a brief investigation to determine the cause of the mishap and complete a “Supervisors’ Report of Accident”. Photos must be taken if possible. Copies of blank “Supervisors” reports are located in each vehicle’s glove compartments. 1.7.8. Notification: Upon completion, all forms must be sent to the safety office as soon as possible but no later than one (1) workday following the mishap.
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GENERAL RULES SECTION 2 Overview: This section covers a wide range of topics that are not specifically addressed and provides information that supports and augments requirements covered elsewhere in this manual. Scope: The contents of this section affect and apply to all work areas within ML&P. 2.0. Job Safety Briefing: Before beginning any job, the employee shall satisfy himself that
he can perform the task without injury. Before starting a job the person in charge must ensure that each employee thoroughly understands the work to be done, their part in the work and the safety rules which apply. All field crews including power plant maintenance personnel shall conduct a Job Safety Briefing (JSB) or “Tailgate Session” prior to start of work and at a minimum discuss the following:
Hazards associated with the job Work procedures involved (normal and emergency) Energy source controls PPE
2.1. Reporting Hazardous Conditions: Any employee of ML&P or worker under contract to
ML&P may report a hazard.
2.1.1. Employees Responsibilities: Employees may submit a hazard report on any event or condition that affects the safety of employees or the general public. Reportable hazards include unsafe procedures, practices or conditions.
2.1.2. Reporting: Hazards must be reported to the supervisor responsible for the area, section, practice or procedure, if known. If the hazard is eliminated on the spot, no further action is required unless it applies to other similar operations somewhere else within ML&P.
2.1.3. Imminent Danger: If the hazard presents imminent danger, the supervisor or individual responsible for that area must take immediate action to correct the situation or apply interim control measures.
2.1.4. Documentation: Hazards that cannot be eliminated immediately, must be reported to the safety office via ML&P’s “Hazardous Condition Report”, telephone, e-mail or in person. 2.1.5. Reports: “Hazardous Condition Reports” are available in document holders marked “Safety Forms” throughout all facilities. See Figure 2-1.
2.1.6. Investigations: The safety office will investigate submitted hazardous condition reports and discuss it with the employee who submitted the report, the responsible
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supervisor or manager and other parties involved to validate the hazard, determine the best interim control measures and take corrective action as applicable.
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Figure 2-1 ML&P Hazard Condition Report
ML&P HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS REPORT
REPORT NO. (ASSIGNED BY SAFETY OFFICE)
I. HAZARD (TO BE COMPLETED BY INDIVIDUAL REPORTING HAZARD) TO: ML&P Safety Office
FROM: (OPTIONAL – NAME, DIVISION)
TYPE - MODEL - S/N - AGE / MATERIAL/FACILITIES/PROCEDURES OR HEALTH HAZARD INVOLVED
DESCRIPTION OF HAZARD (DATE, TIME, SUMMARY, WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, HOW)
RECOMMENDATIONS (ORIGINATOR NOT MANDATORY)
ML&P HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS REPORT
REPORT NO.
II. SUMMARY OF INVESTIGATION (TO BE COMPLETED BY INVESTIGATOR)
ACTION TAKEN
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2.2. Taking Risks: Before commencing any work that may be hazardous, care shall be taken to establish a safe procedure. Where more than one employee is engaged in the same job, all employees concerned shall understand the procedures to be followed. This is accomplished through a JSB or “Tailgate Session”. Under no circumstances shall safety be sacrificed for speed.
2.2.1. Employee Responsibilities: Employees shall always strive to maintain their own
safety and the safety of coworkers. 2.3. Practical Jokes: Employees shall not engage in practical jokes or “horseplay.” 2.4. Warnings: Warnings shall be heeded. Persons seen in a dangerous situation must be
warned without being startled. Employees not required to be near potentially dangerous places, must keep away from them.
2.5. Intoxicating Beverages and Drugs: Use of intoxicating beverages or drugs on utility
premises or on the job is prohibited and is sufficient cause for disciplinary action. Any employee taking drugs prescribed by a physician or over-the-counter drugs which could impair his or her assigned work must inform their supervisor.
2.6. Housekeeping: All work and storage locations including vehicles must be kept clean and
orderly at all times.
2.6.1. Combustible Materials: Combustible materials such as oil-soaked rags, waste and shavings shall be kept in approved metal containers with metal lids. Containers must be emptied as soon as practical.
2.6.2. Rag Storage: Clean rags and used rags shall be kept in metal or metal lined cans
with metal covers.
2.6.3. Flammable Liquids: Flammable liquids must be used only for their designated purposes. Gasoline, benzene, or naphtha, etc., shall not be used for cleaning purposes.
2.6.4. Solvent Storage: All solvents must be kept in approved, properly labeled containers. Gasoline, benzene, naphtha, lacquer thinner and other solvents of this class shall be handled and dispensed only in DOT approved, properly labeled safety containers.
2.6.5. Floors & Platforms: Permanent floors and platforms must be kept free of
projections or obstructions and shall be maintained free from oil, grease or water. Where the type of operation produces slippery conditions, methods (mats, grates, cleats, etc.) must be used to reduce slipping hazards.
2.6.6. Accessibility: Stairways, aisles, permanent roadways, walkways and material storage areas in yards must be kept clear and free from obstructions, depressions and debris.
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2.6.7. Materials & Supplies: Materials and supplies shall be stored in an orderly manner to prevent falling or spreading in order to eliminate tripping and stumbling hazards.
2.6.8. Combustibles & Vegetation: Paper and other combustible materials shall not be allowed to accumulate. Weeds or other range vegetation shall not be permitted to grow in or around substations, pole yards, buildings, oil tanks or other structures.
2.6.9. Storage Quantities: In any building, except one provided specifically for their
storage, flammable liquids such as gasoline, benzene, naphtha, lacquer thinner, etc., shall be limited to ten gallons in DOT approved, properly labeled containers.
2.6.10. Secondary Containers: Section 2.6.9 does not apply to kerosene and cleaning
agents of the “Stoddard” solvent class; however, not more than one gallon shall be kept in any open secondary container. The secondary container shall be provided with a proper cover and kept securely covered except when in use. It must have a secondary container label.
2.6.11. Flammable Liquid Transfer: When pouring or pumping gasoline or other flammable liquids from one container to another, metallic contact shall be maintained between the pouring and receiving containers. Transfer of flammable liquids from one container to another shall be accomplished only in properly ventilated spaces free from ignition sources.
2.7. Smoking Prohibited: Smoking is prohibited within all ML&P’s facilities and vehicles.
Smoking is also prohibited within twenty-five (25) ft. of all entrances to ML&P’s facilities. Smoking is prohibited at fuel dispensing areas. Smoking is prohibited in all buildings at the Eklutna Power Plant.
2.8. Reserved: 2.9. General Machinery and Machine Guarding: One or more methods of machine
guarding must be provided and in place to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by point of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating parts, flying chips and sparks.
2.9.1. Machine Guards: Guards must be permanently affixed to the machine where
possible and secured elsewhere when fixture to the machine is impossible. The guard must not create a hazard itself. Guards must be in place at all times except for the purpose of servicing the equipment.
2.9.2. Improper Guarding: Special hand tools for placing and removing material must
not be used in lieu of other provided guarding. 2.9.3. Revolving Equipment: Revolving drums, barrels and containers must be guarded
by an enclosure.
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2.9.4. Machine Stability: All machines designed for use in a fixed location must be securely anchored to prevent movement during operation.
2.9.5. Inadvertent Startup: Provisions must be in place to prevent the automatic
restarting of equipment upon restoration of power following a power failure. 2.10. Hand Tools: All tools, regardless of ownership, must be of an approved type and
maintained in good condition. Tools are subject to inspection at any time. Supervisors have the authority and responsibility to condemn unserviceable tools, regardless of ownership.
2.10.1. Defective Tools: Defective tools must be destroyed or otherwise identified to
prevent their use and removed from the job site as soon as possible.
2.10.2. Proper Tools: Employees must always use the proper tool for the job performed. Makeshift and substitute tools shall only be used with proper authorization and under supervision.
2.10.3. Conductive Tools: Tools with conductive handles such as hammers, screwdrivers
or knives and metallic measuring tapes shall not be used on or near energized electrical circuits or equipment.
2.10.4. Tool Care: Tools must not be thrown from place to place or from person to
person. Tools that must be raised or lowered from one elevation to another shall be placed in tool buckets or firmly attached to hand lines.
2.10.5. Tool Placement: Tools shall never be placed unsecured on elevated places. 2.10.6. Damaged Tools: All impact tools such as chisels, punches, drift pins, etc. that
become mushroomed or cracked, shall be dressed, repaired or replaced before further use. 2.10.7. Tool Holders: Chisels, drills, punches, ground rods and pipes must be held with
suitable holders or tongs - not with the hands - while being struck by another employee. 2.10.8. Retrofits; Shims shall not be used to make a wrench fit. 2.10.9. Cheaters (Pipe-Handle-Extensions): Pipe should not be used to extend a wrench
handle for added leverage unless the wrench was designed for such use. 2.10.10. Application: Tools must only be used for the purposes for which they were
designed. 2.10.11. Edges & Points: Tools with sharp edges or points must be stored and handled
such that they will not cause injury or damage to personnel or equipment. They must not be carried in pockets.
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2.10.12. Damaged Handles: Any handles that are loose, cracked or splintered shall be replaced. Handles must not be repaired. Tape may be used for additional grip only.
2.10.13. Cutting Tool Storage: All cutting tools such as saws, wood chisels, drawknives
or axes must be stored in adequate protective devices.
2.10.14. Housekeeping: Tools must not be left lying around where they may cause a person to trip or stumble.
2.10.15. Elevated Work: When working on or above open grating, a canvas or other
suitable covering shall be used to cover the grating to prevent tools or parts from dropping to a lower level where others are present or the danger area shall be barricaded or guarded.
2.10.16. Insulated Tools: The insulation on hand tools should not be depended upon to
protect users from electric shock unless the insulation is rated at or above the voltage to be worked on.
2.11. Portable Electric Tools: The non-energized metal parts of portable electric tools such as
drills, saws and grinders must be effectively grounded when connected to a power source unless:
The tool is an approved double-insulated type or; The tool is connected to the power supply by means of an isolating transformer or other isolated power supply such as a twenty-four (24) VDC system.
2.11.1. Inspections: All power tools must be examined prior to their use to insure general serviceability and the presence of all applicable safety devices. The electric cord and electric components shall be given a thorough examination.
2.11.2. Proper Use: Power tools must be used only within their design parameters and must be operated in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer. 2.11.3. Repairs: All tools shall be kept in good repair and be disconnected from their power source while repairs are being made. 2.11.4. Explosion Proof: Electrical tools must not be used where there is a hazard of flammable vapors, gases or particulates (dust, fibers, etc.) unless they are rated as being explosive proof. 2.11.5. GFCI: Tools connected to a central power supply (not isolated) that are not double-insulated must be protected by a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) or by an “assured grounding system”. 2.11.6. Hoisting: The use of power cords to hoist or lower tools and equipment is prohibited.
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2.11.7. Guards: All guards must be in place prior to using power tools. 2.11.8. Wet Environment: The use of a GFCI is required any time tools are used in a wet environment and in confined or enclosed spaces. See Section 3.
2.12. Pneumatic (Compressed Air) Tools: Compressed air and compressed air tools must be
used with caution. 2.12.1. Handling: Pneumatic tools must never be pointed at another person. 2.12.2. Hose Connections; Pneumatic power tools and hose connections must be secured
by some positive means to prevent the tools from becoming accidentally disconnected.
2.12.3. Safety Retainers: Safety clips or retainers must be securely installed and maintained on pneumatic impact (percussion) tools to prevent attachments from being actually expelled.
2.12.4. Cleaning: Compressed air may not be used for cleaning purposes except where
pressures are reduced to less than thirty (30) PSI and then only with effective chip guarding and PPE.
2.12.5. Dusting; Compressed air must not be used to blow dust or dirt from clothing. 2.12.6. Pressure Limits: The manufacturer’s safe operating pressure for hoses, pipes,
valves, filters and other fittings must not be exceeded. 2.12.7. Lifting: The use of hoses for hoisting or lowering tools is prohibited. 2.12.8. Safety Features: All hoses exceeding one-half (½) inch inside diameter must
have a safety device at the source of supply or branch line to reduce pressure in case of hose failure or disengagement of a connection.
2.12.9. Tool Change-Outs: Before making adjustments or changing air-tools, unless
equipped with quick-change connectors, the air must be shut off at the air-supply valve ahead of the hose. The hose must be bled at the tool before breaking the connection.
2.12.10. Training Requirements: Pneumatic tools shall be operated only by competent
persons who are trained in their use. 2.12.11. Metallic Hoses: The use of metal-reinforced hose must be avoided near
energized equipment. When this type of hose must be used, proper clearances shall be maintained.
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2.13. Hydraulic Tools: The fluid used in hydraulic power tools must be an approved fire
resistant fluid and must retain its operating characteristics at the most extreme temperatures that it may be exposed to. The fluid used in aerial lifts and tools used on or near energized lines and equipment must be of the insulating type.
2.13.1. Operating Pressure: The manufacturer’s safe operating pressures for hydraulic
tools, hoses, valves, pipes, filters and fittings must not be exceeded. 2.13.2. Pressure Release: Pressure shall be released before connections are broken
unless quick-acting, self closing connectors are used. 2.13.3. PPE: Employees must wear appropriate, gloves and eye protection when making
connections or disconnections on hydraulic equipment. Employees must not use any part of their bodies to locate or attempt to stop a hydraulic leak.
2.13.4. Check Valves: All hydraulic lines longer than thirty-five (35) feet should have a
check valve installed in the line. 2.14. Powder Actuated Tools:
2.14.1. Qualified Employees: Only those employees who are qualified by training, in their operation, shall use powder actuated tools. 2.14.2. Transport Requirements: Explosive charges must be carried and transported in approved containers. 2.14.3. PPE: Operators and assistants using these tools must be safeguarded by means of eye protection (safety eye goggles and/or face shields) and a hardhat. 2.14.4. Maintenance & Suitability: Tools must be maintained in good condition and serviced regularly by qualified persons. The material upon which these tools are to be used must be examined before work is started for the purpose of determining its suitability and eliminating the possibility of hazard to the operator and others. 2.14.5. Protective Shields: Prior to use, the operator shall ensure that the protective shield is properly attached to the tool. 2.14.6. Inspections: Prior to use, the operator must inspect the tool to determine that it is clean, moving parts operate freely and the barrel is free from obstructions. 2.14.7. Defective Tools: A defective tool must be tagged and immediately removed from service. 2.14.8. Flammable Environments: Powder actuated tools are prohibited from use in an explosive or flammable atmosphere or environment
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2.14.9. Loading: Powder actuated tools must not be loaded until just prior to their intended firing. 2.14.10. Proper Cartridges: Only cartridges with an explosive charge adequate for the job and with proper penetration may be used. 2.14.11. Storage: Tools and cartridges must never be left unattended. 2.14.12. Handling: Tools must never be pointed at any person. 2.14.13. Misfire Procedure: In case of misfire, the operator must hold the tool in place for thirty (30) seconds, then try to operate the tool a second time and wait another thirty (30) seconds before attempting to remove the cartridge. Misfired cartridges shall be disposed of in a metal container and returned to supervisor.
2.15. Safe Supports and Scaffolds:
2.15.1. Scaffold Erection: Scaffold erection of more than two (2) tiers must be done by personnel trained and certified to do so. 2.15.2. Employee Requirements: Utility employees may erect scaffolding only under the direction of a competent person (one who received training within the last two years) as determined by the OSHA. See Definitions, Section 15. 2.15.3. Scaffold Integrity: No employee, any material or equipment shall be supported or permitted to be supported on any portion of a tree, pole structure, scaffold, ladder, walkway or other elevated structure, crane or derrick, etc., without first determining that such supporting equipment is adequately strong enough to support the load and is properly secured in place.
2.15.4. Scaffold Inspections: Employees must check all scaffolding prior to use to insure it is of sufficient strength and rigidity to safely support the weight of people and materials it will be subjected to.
2.15.5. Inspection Record: All scaffolding shall have a scaffolding tag affixed to it indicating the status of the scaffolding and inspection record. 2.15.6. Competent Person Responsibilities: A competent person must inspect scaffolding and sign a scaffolding inspection card once each day prior to work commencing.
2.15.7. Guard Rails: Employees must not use scaffolding from four (4) to ten (10) feet in height, having a minimum horizontal dimension of less than forty-five (45) inches, unless proper guardrails are present to provide employee protection.
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2.15.8. Guard Rail Requirements: Employees must not use scaffolding over ten (10) feet in height unless there is a standard guardrail with mid-rail and toeboard present to provide adequate employee protection.
2.15.9. Plank Placement: Scaffold planks shall extend over their end supports by not less than six (6) inches (unless cleated) nor more than twelve (12) inches.
2.15.10. Moving Requirements: Scaffolds must not be moved without first removing all loose tools, materials and equipment resting on the scaffold deck. They must not be moved horizontally while they are in use or occupied.
2.15.11. Foundations: All scaffolds shall rest on a suitable footing and shall stand level. Movable scaffolds shall have their casters or wheels locked to prevent movement.
2.15.12. Fall Protection: When working on scaffolding greater than ten (10) feet in height, fall protection must be used.
2.16 Ladders – General:
2.16.1. Wooden Ladders: Wooden ladders may not be painted so as to obscure a defect in the wood. Only a clear, non-conductive finish shall be used.
2.16.2. Inspection Requirements: All ladders must be inspected prior to use. Ladders with weakened, broken or missing steps, broken side rails or other defects must be tagged “Do Not Use” and removed from service immediately. Ladders with improvised repairs shall not be used.
2.16.3. Loading Requirements: Ladders and scaffolds shall be sufficiently strong for
their intended use.
2.16.4. Metallic Ladders: Portable metal ladders shall not be used in the utility.
2.16.5. Ladder Placement: Ladders must not be placed in front of doors opening toward the ladder unless the door is locked open or guarded.
2.16.6. Ascending/Descending: When ascending or descending ladders, employees must have both hands free and face the ladder.
2.16.7. Employee Limits: Only one (1) employee may work from a ladder at a time except for hook-type ladders. If two (2) employees are required, a second ladder must be used.
2.16.8. Restrictions: Ladders must not be used as scaffold platforms. 2.16.9. Unacceptable Alternatives: Boxes, chairs, etc. must not be used as ladders.
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2.16.10. Fiberglass Ladders: Fiberglass ladders (Type 1) are the preferred ladder choice.
2.16.11. Maintenance: Ladders must be maintained in good condition at all times. The joints between the steps and side rails shall be tight and all hardware and fittings securely attached. 2.16.12. Set-Up Requirements: Portable rung or cleat ladders must be used at such a pitch where the horizontal distance from the top ladder support to the foot of the ladder is one-fourth (1/4) of the working length of the ladder. 2.16.13. Securing: Ladders must be placed so as to prevent slipping or they shall be lashed or held in position. 2.16.14. Access To Roofs: No ladder may be used to gain access to a roof unless the top
of the ladder extends a minimum of three (3) feet above the point of support or roofline. 2.16.15. Rung Requirements: All ladders must be equipped with non-slip surfaces on
their rungs.
2.17. Straight Ladders: 2.17.1. Base Requirements: Portable straight ladders must not be used without non- skid bases.
2.17.2. Set-Up Requirements: The ladder must be placed so that the horizontal distance between the bottom of the ladder and the top supporting point is approximately one- fourth (1/4) of the ladder length between the top and bottom supports.
2.17.3. Climbing Restrictions: Straight ladders shall not be climbed beyond the third (3rd) step from the top.
2.17.4. Securing: When working from a portable ladder, the ladder must be securely placed, held, tied or otherwise made secure to prevent slipping or falling.
2.17.5. Dismounting Requirements: When dismounting from a ladder at an elevated position such as a roof, the employee must insure that the ladder side rails extend at least three (3) feet above the dismount position/point of support or that grab bars are present.
2.17.6. Splicing: Ladders shall not be spliced together to form a longer ladder.
2.17.7. Unstable Supports: A ladder must not be placed against an unsafe unstable support.
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2.18. Step Ladders: 2.18.1. Use Requirements: The top or top step of a step ladder must not be used, except for platform ladders.
2.18.2. Set-Up: Step ladder legs must be fully spread and the spreading bars locked in place.
2.18.3. Use Restrictions: Step ladders must not be used as straight ladders.
2.18.4. Securing: When an employee is working on a step ladder over ten (10) feet high, other than a platform ladder, the ladder must be held by another person or attached to the adjacent structure. 2.18.5. Prohibited Ladders: A step ladder with a pail shelf higher than twelve (12) feet shall not be used within the utility.
2.19. Material Lifting:
2.19.1. Heavy Objects: An employee must obtain assistance in lifting heavy objects or mechanical equipment shall be used.
2.19.2. Signal Requirements: When two or more persons carry a heavy object that is to be lowered or dropped, there must be a prearranged signal for releasing the load.
2.19.3. Orientation: When two (2) or more persons are carrying an object, each employee, if possible, should face the direction in which the object is being carried.
2.19.4. Correct Lifting Procedure: The correct way to lift is usually the easiest and safest. This is accomplished by crouching or squatting with the feet close to the object to be lifted, securing good footing, taking a firm grip, bending the knees, keeping the back straight (vertical), lifting by extending the knee joints and using the leg and thigh muscles. Employees must not attempt to lift beyond their capacity. Caution must be taken when lifting or pulling in an awkward position.
2.19.5. Personal Lifting Limitations: The suggested maximum lifting weight for an individual is fifty (50) pounds without the use of a mechanical means.
2.20. Explosives:
2.20.1. Handling: Explosives must only be used and handled by a person certified to do so.
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2.21. Compressed Gases:
2.21.1. Handling: Care must be exercised in handling all compressed gas cylinders. They must not be dropped, jarred or exposed to temperature extremes.
2.21.2. Valve Protection: Cylinders must have the valve cap or valve protection device in place at all times except when in actual use or connected to a welding set.
2.21.3. Lifting: Cylinders must not be rolled and must not be lifted by the valve or valve cap. A suitable cradle or other device shall be used.
2.21.4. Identification: Cylinders must have their contents properly identified.
2.21.5. Storage: Compressed gas cylinders, whether full or empty, must be stored in an upright position and chained or otherwise secured so they cannot fall.
2.21.6. Storage Parameters: Oxygen cylinders in storage must be separated from fuel gas cylinders or combustible materials (especially oil or grease) by a minimum distance of twenty (20) feet or a five (5) foot high non-combustible barrier.
2.21.7. Electrical Isolation: Cylinders must not be placed where they might become part of an electric circuit or within five (5) feet of an electrical outlet.
2.21.8. Tampering: Employees must never force connections that do not fit nor shall they tamper with the safety relief devices of cylinder valves.
2.21.9. Regulator Removal: Before the regulator is removed from a cylinder, the valve must be closed and all pressure released (bled) from the regulator.
2.21.10. Leaking Cylinders: A leaking cylinder must not be used. Such cylinders must be taken outdoors away from sources of ignition. The cylinder must be disposed of in an appropriate manner as determined by the supervisor.
2.21.11. Leak Detection: A flame may never be used to detect gas leaks. 2.21.12. Tool Storage: The recessed top of cylinders must not be used as a place for tools.
2.21.13. Gas Transfer: No attempt shall be made to mix gases in a cylinder or to transfer gas from one cylinder to another without the proper equipment and training.
2.21.14. Warning Signs: Warning signs such as “Danger”, “No Smoking”, “No Matches or Open Lights” or equivalent wording must be conspicuously posted in rooms or at entrances to areas where fuel gas is used or stored.
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2.21.15. Hydrogen Precautions: Special precautions must be taken when using hydrogen to avoid the possibility of fire and explosion. Appropriate warning signs must be posted within fifty (50) feet where hydrogen is used or stored.
2.21.15.1. Valve Care: Hydrogen cylinder valves must not be opened or blown out to check cylinders.
2.21.16. Oxygen Precautions: Oil, grease or similar materials must not be allowed to come in contact with any valve, fitting, regulator or gauge of oxygen cylinders.
2.21.17. Acetylene Precautions: Acetylene cylinders shall be properly secured and always used, transported or stored in a vertical position. Cylinders shall be protected from sparks, flames and contact with energized electrical equipment.
2.22. Hot Work: “Hot Work” is defined as any temporary operation involving open flames
producing heat or sparks. This includes but is not limited to:
Brazing Cutting Grinding Soldering Arc Welding Torch Applied Roofing
These types of tasks dramatically increase the risk of fire. To reduce this risk ML&P utilizes a “Hot Work” permit system. “Hot Work” permits are available from the safety office, section supervisor, generation warehouse or they can be ordered in bulk from FM Global. See Figure 2-2.
ML&P’s contract administrators are required enforce the requirement of “Hot Work” permits for contractors engaging in activities defined as “Hot Work”.
2.22.1. Designated Hot Work Area: Superintendents and contract administrators may
establish a designated “Hot Work” area that is exempt from the permit requirements of this procedure. The designated area shall be established by:
Removing all combustible or flammable materials to a minimum radial
distance of thirty-five (35) feet from the “Hot Work” area. Delineating the thirty-five (35) foot perimeter with welding screens, fencing,
non-combustible partitions, danger tape or other suitable materials that clearly define the “Hot Work” area to other personnel.
Marking the entrances and delineating structures with signs stating:
DANGER- HOT WORK AREA No Flammable or Combustible Materials Within Thirty-Five (35) Feet.
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2.22.2. Alternate Processes: Prior to starting “Hot Work”, consideration should be given to possible alternatives. Whenever the opportunity exists, alternate work processes or
approaches must be utilized to reduce the risk of fire. Examples of alternative processes include:
Bolting or fastening instead of welding Using a reciprocal saw rather than a torch or radial-saw for cutting operations Using threaded pipe or tube connections rather than torch soldered joints Hand filing instead of mechanical grinding Using an outside metal fabrication shop to fabricate and supply materials Moving on-site fabrication processes to a dedicated “Hot Work” area Using nibblers instead of grinders
2.22.2.1. Permit Parts: The “Hot Work” permit is a three part form (“Parts 1, 1A, 2”) that tracks each step of the operation. The permit functions as an instructional guide and warning tag.
2.22.2.2. Permit Requirements: A new “Hot Work” permit is required for each day, each shift and each work location where “Hot Work” activities will be undertaken.
2.22.2.3. Multiple Activities: Multiple “Hot Work” activities at one work location may be covered by one “Hot Work” permit as long as all parties participate and verify the “Required Precautions Checklist” on the “Hot Work’ permit.
2.22.2.4. Flammable Conditions: “Hot Work” is not permitted in areas where flammable conditions are so severe that they are beyond correction. Examples of these areas include lint or dust accumulation, presence of flammable or combustible vapors, hazardous processes or polystyrene sandwich walls.
2.22.2.5. Combustible Conditions: “Hot Work” must not be done on any wall, ceiling or roof with combustible coverings such as expanded plastic insulation.
2.22.2.6. Tool Maintenance: Employees must ensure that all tools and equipment used for “Hot Work” activities are safe, fully functional and in good repair prior to the start of work. Damaged hoses or attachments shall be repaired or replaced prior to start of work.
2.22.3. Fire Watch: “Hot Work” requires that a “Fire Watch” be present during “Hot Work” activities. The purpose of a “Fire Watch” is to prevent fire propagation. This is accomplished by inspecting for stray sparks, ignition or other fire hazards during “Hot Work” activities and for at least one hour after “Hot Work” activities are complete.
2.22.3.1. Training Requirements: “Fire Watch” employees must be trained and capable of using the fire fighting equipment available in the area. This may include portable fire extinguishers, fixed fire suppression systems such as sprinklers, CO2, halon or other inert gas systems.
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2.22.3.2. Responsibilities: “Fire Watch” employees must ensure they are familiar with the scope of work they are assigned to safeguard, the hazard present and the location of potentially flammable or combustible materials they are expected to watch and protect. This shall include areas from the “Hot Work” location to a radial distance out to thirty-five (35) feet, the floor above and the floor below the hot work location.
2.22.3.3. Duties: The “Fire Watch” employee must decline any other duties that would distract or prevent him from giving his full attention to the assigned “Hot Work” area. 2.22.3.4. Monitoring Intervals: The “Fire Watch” employee must monitor the “Hot Work” area for at least one hour after completion of the “Hot Work”. The work supervisor or “Fire Safety Supervisor” must arrange for the area to be monitored periodically for an additional three (3) hours after completion of the ‘Fire Watch”.
2.22.3.5. Work Zone Requirements: The requirement to have a “Fire Watch” present is triggered by the inability to clear a “Hot Work” area to the required thirty-five (35) foot radius of flammable or combustible materials. These materials should still be protected by non-flammable coverings or kept wet, as appropriate, to prevent ignition.
2.22.3.6. Monitoring Requirements: The requirement to have a “Fire Watch” present is also triggered when the person doing the work cannot personally monitor all of the spaces that sparks, slag or heat may travel in the course of their activities.
2.22.3.7. Inspections: When a “Fire Watch” is not required, the “Hot Work” area must be checked for potential sources of ignition thirty (30) minutes after “Hot Work” activities are completed and again at one hour intervals up to and including four hours after completion.
2.22.3.8. Documentation: The “Fire Watch” employee must sign the “Hot Work” permit upon completion of assigned duties and follow procedures for disposition of the “Hot Work” permit and notifications as required.
2.22.3.9. Monitoring Considerations: “Hot Work” activities shall be closely monitored to ensure combustible coverings on the opposite side of walls, floors and ceilings are not ignited. This includes closely monitoring pipe or other metal materials that can transmit heat to another location.
2.22.4. Disposition of Permits: Upon completion of “Hot Work” and “Fire Watch”, all completed permits must be returned to the supervisor. The supervisor or control room operator, as appropriate, must retain all parts of the “Hot Work” permit as a record of the “Hot Work” performed for at least ninety (90) days from the date of completion of the “Hot Work”.
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2.22.5. Procedures: Prior to beginning any “Hot Work”, a “Hot Work” permit must be obtained from the supervisor or safety office. The employee accomplishing the work must inspect and prepare the area for “Hot Work” as indicated on the permit. They must ensure that all appropriate areas on the “Required Precaution Checklist” are:
Checked off as accomplished, verified and safe or Marked as Not Applicable (N/A).
2.22.5.1. Supervisor’s Duties: The work supervisor or designated “Fire Safety Supervisor” must verify that the precautions listed on the “Hot Work” permit have been accomplished by completing, signing and retaining “Part 1” of the permit. Upon permit completion, he must issue “Parts 1A” and “Part 2” to the employee accomplishing the “Hot Work”. The supervisor will also assign “Fire Watch” duties when required by this procedure.
2.22.5.1.1. Generation Plants: For employees working in the generation plants, the “Hot Work” permit must be provided to the control room operator who will log open the “Hot Work” permit by recording the permit number and location of the work in the plant logbook. The control room operator must retain the top copy (Part 1) of the permit in the control room and return “Parts 1A” and “Part 2” to the employee to post in the “Hot Work Area”. See Figure 2-2.
2.22.5.1.2. Substitute Operator: In the event that a control room operator is not available, other employees may be appointed to fulfill the duties of the control room operator by the supervisor.
2.22.5.2. Permit Posting: The employee accomplishing the “Hot Work” must ensure that the start time is entered on “Part 2” and the emergency information on the back of the form is completed. The permit must be posted in a highly visible location at or near where the “Hot Work” is being accomplished.
2.22.5.3. Fire Watch Requirements: At times when a ‘Fire Watch” is required, the designated “Fire Watch” must be on site prior to the commencement of the “Hot Work” and remain until one (1) hour after ‘Hot Work” activities are completed.
2.22.5.4. Fire Watch Signoff: Upon completion of their duties, the “Fire Watch” will sign the box entitled “Fire Watch Signoff” and communicate the completion of their “Fire Watch” to the supervisor or control room operator as required. The supervisor or control room operator will then coordinate for the final hourly inspections to ensure monitoring is continued.
2.22.5.5. Notifications: Once the “Hot Work’ is finished, the employee must annotate the time of completion on the permit and notify the supervisor or control room operator as appropriate. They shall also communicate the status of the “Fire Watch” as appropriate.
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2.22.5.5.1. Final Checkup: For employees working in generation plants, when a “Hot Work” permit area is monitored by plant operating personnel, the employee conducting the “Hot Work” or their supervisor will contact the control room operator and transfer the monitoring responsibilities to the outside operator. The control room operator will enter the time of the transfer in the plant log and ensure that the monitoring for the remaining three (3) hours is completed. The outside operator will then conduct the final check at the prescribed time, sign the bottom left corner in the “Final Checkup” box and return the permit to the control room operator.
2.22.5.5.2. Logging Out: The control room operator will then log the permit as closed by listing the permit number and time in the logbook.
2.22.6. Contract Administrator’s Duties: It is the responsibility of the ML&P contract administrator to ensure that contractors engaging in “Hot Work” activities in and around ML&P facilities strictly follow these procedures. The contract administrator must ensure that contractors are provided copies of this section and training materials prior to commencing “Hot Work” activities.
2.22.6.1. Notification: The contract administrator must notify contractor supervisors of any concerns they have pertaining to a contractor’s ability to accomplish the mission in a safe and professional manner.
2.22.6.2. Coordination: The contract administrator shall coordinate with the ML&P facility superintendent prior to allowing contract personnel to engage in “Hot Work” activities.
2.22.6.3. Contractor’s Responsibilities: Contract personnel shall be responsible for the following:
Inspecting and preparing the “Hot Work” area Completing appropriate areas of the “Hot Work” permit Requesting inspection and verification that the “Hot Work” area is in
compliance with all requirements of the FM Global guidelines and this policy prior to beginning “Hot Work”.
Providing a “Fire Watch” should work area hazards require one to be present.
2.22.6.4. Assignments: The contract administrator must coordinate with the facility superintendent to assign one ML&P employee as the “Fire Safety Supervisor” or shall assume those duties himself with agreement as required.
2.22.7. Exceptions: Employees not working in or on ML&P’s facilities but working in the field are not required to use the “Hot Work” permit system. They must, to the greatest extent possible, clear flammable and combustible materials away from the area where “Hot Work” is to be performed. A fire extinguisher must be available in the area
where “Hot Work” is performed.
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2.22.7.1. TIG Welding: During Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding operations, a less than one-pint quantity of acetone for cleaning purposes, may be kept in a closed container within the thirty-five (35) foot exclusion zone. All flammable liquid impregnated rags within the thirty-five (35) foot exclusion zone must be kept in a closed fire safety can during actual welding operations. All flammable or combustible liquid containers and fire safety cans must remain at least ten (10) feet from actual source of heat or flames. 2.22.7.2. Other Exceptions: “Hot Work” permits are not required for heat shrinking, soldering or thawing frozen locks.
2.22.8. Training: All persons conducting or supervising “Hot Work” at ML&P’s facilities shall, at a minimum, be trained in and familiar with the following:
Definition of “Hot Work” and causes for loss due to fire The use of special precautionary techniques for fire prevention during “Hot
Work” activities The contents of this section Contents of the FM Global “Hot Work” Guide Use of the ML&P “Hot Work” permit system
2.22.8.1. Supervisor’s Responsibilities: Supervisors are responsible for ensuring their employees are trained. The contract administrator must ensure that contractors are provided training materials and are made aware of the requirement for the contractor to provide training for the contractor’s employees.
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Figure 2-2 Hot Work Permit
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2.23. Gas Welding and Cutting: Welding and cutting operations shall be performed by experienced and properly trained persons. Before welding or cutting is started, the area must be inspected and potential fire hazards removed to a minimum radial distance of thirty-five (35) feet from the “Hot Work” area . See “Hot Work”, Section 2.22. 2.23.1. Elevated Work: When welding or cutting in an elevated position, precautions must be taken to prevent sparks or hot metal from falling onto people or flammable material below.
2.23.2. Fire Extinguishers: Suitable fire extinguishing equipment must be immediately available at all locations where welding and cutting equipment is used.
2.23.3. Forbidden Equipment: Matches and/or lighters shall not be carried by welders or their helper when engaged in welding or cutting operations.
2.23.4. Proper Lighters: Matches and/or lighters shall not be used to light a torch and a torch shall not be lit on hot metal. A friction lighter or stationary pilot light shall be used.
2.23.5. Check Valves: Approved back flow check valves must be used on gas welding rigs on both fuel and oxygen lines.
2.23.6. Damaged Hoses: Damaged welding hoses must not be repaired but must be removed from service and destroyed.
2.23.7. Explosive Considerations: Machinery, tanks, equipment, shafts or pipes that could contain explosive or highly flammable materials shall be thoroughly cleaned and decontaminated prior to the application of heat.
2.23.8. Proper Ventilation: In dusty or gaseous spaces where there is a possibility of an explosion, welding or cutting equipment shall not be used until the space is adequately ventilated.
2.23.9. Ventilation/PPE: Adequate ventilation or approved respiratory equipment shall be used while welding in confined spaces, while brazing, cutting or welding zinc, brass, bronze, stainless steel, galvanized or lead coated material.
2.23.10. Cadmium Containing Materials: When working with materials containing cadmium, the following applies:
Welding equipment shall be operated only by authorized persons who are experienced, trained, certified and properly grounded prior to use.
While welding or cutting indoors or in confined spaces, local exhaust ventilation or airline respirators must be used.
While welding or cutting outdoors, respiratory protection such as approved fume respirators or airline respirators may be used.
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2.23.11. Cylinder Valves: All welding gas cylinder valves shall be turned completely off when welding equipment is not attended.
2.24. Electric Arc Welding: Electric arc welding equipment must only be operated by authorized persons who are properly trained in the equipments use. Before welding or cutting is started, the area shall be inspected for potential fire hazards. See “Hot Work”, Section 2.22.
2.24.1. Elevated Work: When welding in an elevated position, precautions must be taken to prevent sparks or hot metal from falling onto people or flammable material below.
2.24.2. Grounding: The electric arc welding machine shall be properly grounded prior to use.
2.24.3. Fire Extinguishers: Suitable fire extinguishing equipment must be readily available in the work area.
2.24.4. Manufacturer’s Instructions: Rules and instructions supplied by the manufacturer or affixed to the machine must be followed.
2.24.5. PPE: To protect the eyes, face and body during electrical arc welding and cutting, the operator must wear an appropriate helmet, proper protective gloves and clothing. Helpers or attendants must wear proper eye protection. Other employees must not observe electric arc welding operations unless they use approved eye protection.
2.24.6. Eye Protection: Proper eye protection must be worn to guard against flying particles when the helmet is raised.
2.24.7. Barriers: Welding screens must be used whenever other persons could be exposed to the arc of the welding operation. Welders must not strike an arc with an electrode when there are persons nearby who might be negatively affected by the arc.
2.24.8. Electrode Removal: When electrode holders are left unattended, the electrodes must be removed and the holders shall be placed or protected so that they cannot make electrical contact with employees or conducting objects.
2.24.9. Shut-Off: When the welder must leave his work or stop work for an appreciable length of time or when the welding machine is to be moved, the power supply switch on the equipment shall be opened (turned off).
2.25. Overhead Cranes (Facility): The rated load capacity of each crane must be plainly marked on each side of it. If a crane has more than one hoisting unit, each hoist must have its rated load capacity marked on it or its load block. These markings must be clearly legible from the ground or floor.
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2.25.1. Load limits: Load limits as specified by the manufacturer may not be exceeded under any circumstances.
2.25.2. Qualified Employees: Only designated qualified employees may operate cranes at ML&P.
2.25.3. Riding: Riding the hook, sling or load of any hoisting equipment is prohibited.
2.25.4. Operations & Maintenance (O & M) Procedures: O & M procedures as specified by the manufacturer must be followed.
2.25.5. Test Lifts: For the first lift of each day, the load must be test lifted several inches and the equipment brake tested.
2.25.6. Restrictions: All individuals are prohibited from walking, working or standing under a suspended load.
2.25.7. Tagging: All loads must be controlled with appropriately sized one-half (½) inch diameter minimum) tag lines.
2.25.8. Inspection Procedures: The inspection procedure for cranes in regular service is divided into two (2) general categories based on the frequency at which inspections are to be performed.
Frequent: Daily, prior to use (minimum of once every day the equipment is
used) to monthly intervals Periodic: Annually or sooner if a repair or modification of the equipment is
done
2.25.9. Frequency of Inspections: Specific crane components must be inspected at the intervals listed below:
All functional operating mechanisms for proper operation and adjustment:
Daily, prior to use Deterioration or leakage of hydraulic system, if applicable: Daily, prior to use Hooks for deformation or cracks: Daily, prior to use Hoist chains, including end connections, for excessive wear, twist or distorted
links interfering with proper function: Daily, prior to use All functional operating mechanisms for excessive wear: Daily, prior to use Hook throat openings and chains for stretch against last documented inspection
record: Monthly
2.25.10. Deficiencies: Any deficiency found must be considered a safety hazard and the equipment removed from service until repairs are made. Affected equipment can only be returned to service upon successful completion of a periodic inspection with favorable results.
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2.25.11. Inspection Intervals: A complete inspection of all ML&P’s cranes must be performed annually or sooner if a repair or modification of the equipment is performed. Annual crane inspections must be performed by fully qualified contract personnel. The contractor performing the inspection must provide complete certification documentation including the date of the inspection, serial number of equipment inspected, signature of the inspector, load test information and all measurements associated with the equipment. As a minimum, these inspections must cover the following components:
Deformed, cracked, or corroded parts Loose bolts or rivets Cracked or worn sheaves and drums Worn, cracked or distorted parts such as pins, bearings, shafts, gears, rollers,
locking and clamping devices Excessive wear on the brake system parts, linings, pawls and ratchets Load, wind and other indicators Gasoline, diesel, electric or other power plants for unsafe performance Excessive wear of chain drive sprockets Electrical equipment for signs of pitting or any deterioration of controller
contacts, limit switches and pushbutton stations Load test of one-hundred-twenty-five (125)% of rated load Wire rope inspection
2.26. Sling Requirements: Whenever a sling is used the following practices must be followed:
Slings that are damaged or defective must not be used and must be removed from service
Slings must not be shortened with knots or bolts or any other makeshift devices Sling legs must not be kinked Slings must not be loaded in excess of their rated load capacity Slings used in a basket hitch must have the loads balanced to prevent slippage Slings must be securely attached to their loads Slings must be padded or protected from the sharp edges of loads Suspended loads must be kept clear of all obstructions Employees must keep clear of loads about to be lifted and suspended loads Hands and fingers must not be placed between the sling and the load while the sling
is being tightened around the load Shock loading is prohibited A sling must not be pulled out from under a load while the load is resting on the
sling
2.26.1. Inspections: Inspection of slings, fastening equipment and attachments for damage or defects, must be accomplished by a designated competent person prior to each days use. Additional inspections should be accomplished during use as conditions warrant.
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2.26.2. Damaged Slings: Damaged slings must be immediately removed from service.
2.26.3. Chain Slings: Alloy steel chain slings must receive a thorough inspection annually in addition to the requirements of Section 2.26.1. This inspection must be documented and the documentation retained by the supervisor.
2.26.4. Proof Testing: All slings must be proof tested before initial use by the sling manufacturer or equivalent. 2.26.5. Natural and Synthetic Slings: Natural and synthetic fiber or rope slings should also be inspected and immediately removed from service for the following:
Powdered fiber between strands Broken or cut fibers Variations in the size or roundness of strands Discoloration or rotting Distortion of hardware in the sling Tag is not legible
2.26.6. Web Slings: Synthetic web slings should also be inspected and immediately removed from service for the following:
The length of an edge cut exceeds the web thickness. The penetration of abrasion exceeds fifteen (15)% of the webbing thickness
when taken as a proportion of all piles. Abrasion occurs on both sides of the webbing and the sum of the abrasion on
both sides exceeds fifteen (15) % of the webbing thickness when taken as a proportion of all piles.
Thread damage up to fifty (50) % of the sling thickness extends to within one-fourth (1/4) of the sling width of the edge or exceeds one-fourth (1/4) of the width of the sling.
Thread damage to the full depth of the sling thickness extends to within one-fourth (1/4) of the sling width of the edge or the width of damage exceeds one-eighth (1/8) of the width of the sling.
Thread damage allows thread separation exceeding one-fourth (1/4) of the width of the sling and extends in length more than twice the sling’s width.
Any part of the sling is melted or charred or is damaged by acid or caustic. Stitches in load bearing splices are broken or worn. End fittings are excessively pitted or corroded, cracked, distorted or broken. Any combination of the above types of damage that produces the approximate
equal total effect.
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2.27. Jacks: The operator must ensure the jack used has a load rating sufficient to lift and sustain the load.
2.27.1. Placards: The rated load must be legibly and permanently marked in a prominent location on the jack.
2.27.2. Set-Up: In the absence of a firm foundation, the base of the jack must be blocked. If there is a possibility of slippage of the cap, a block must be placed between the cap and the load.
2.27.3. Safety Blocks: The indicated limit of a jack or tool must not be overrun. After the load has been raised the jack must be cribbed or blocked to secure it.
2.27.4. Cold Weather Use: Hydraulic jacks exposed to freezing temperatures must be supplied with antifreeze liquid.
2.27.5. Lubrication Intervals: Jacks must be properly lubricated at regular intervals. Each jack and tool must be inspected at intervals based on the service conditions:
Constant or intermittent use at one location: Once every six (6) months Jacks sent out of the shop for special work: When the jack is returned Jacks subjected to abnormal loads or shock: Before the next use After repair or replacement of parts
2.27.6. Damaged Jacks: Jacks that are out of order must be identified as to their condition and not used until repairs are made by the manufacturer or a company certified by the manufacturer to do so.
2.28. Communication Facilities:
2.28.1. Microwave Hazards: Employees must avoid looking into an open waveguide or antenna that is connected to an energized microwave source.
2.28.2. Warning Symbols: If the electromagnetic radiation level within an accessible area associated with microwave communication systems exceeds the radiation protection guide given in 1910.97(a) (2), the area shall be posted with the warning symbol described in 1910.97(a) (3). The lower half of the warning symbol shall include the following statements:
Radiation in This Area May Exceed Hazard Limitations and Special Precautions Are Required. Obtain Specific Instruction Before Entering.
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HAZARD PROTECTION SECTION 3 Overview: This section covers some of the known hazards that, during the course of their duties, employees may be exposed to and the control methods which the employees must use for their protection. In order for the employee to be fully protected, they must become knowledgeable of potential health hazards and risks and understand the principles of this section. Scope: The contents of this section apply to all work activities and areas. 3.0. Confined Spaces: A confined space is an enclosed area that has the following characteristics:
Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and
perform assigned work Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example, tanks, vessels,
hoppers, and pits) Is not designed for continuous human occupancy
3.0.1. Identification: As appropriate and practical, confined spaces throughout the ML&P properties will be listed, identified and labeled.
3.1. Permit Required Confined Spaces: “Permit Required Confined Spaces” are confined spaces that contain or may contain conditions that are hazardous. Entry into these spaces requires specific training and precautions. See SOP S-146. 3.2. Enclosed Spaces: An “Enclosed Space” is a space such as a manhole, vault, tunnel or
shaft that has limited means of entry and egress. An “Enclosed Space” is designed for periodic employee entry under normal conditions and it does not contain a hazardous atmosphere but may contain one under abnormal conditions.
Vaults With Ventilation Systems In Operation (Changing Air) Prior to and
During Entry Are Not Considered “Enclosed Spaces”.
If a hazardous condition remains in the space after precautions are taken, then the space will be considered a “Permit Required Confined Space” and must meet the entry requirements outlined in SOP S-146.
3.2.1. Employee Training: Employees who enter “Enclosed Spaces” or serve as attendants must be trained in the hazards of “Enclosed Space” entry, “Enclosed Space” entry procedures and “Enclosed Space” rescue.
3.2.2. Hazard Determinations: Before any entrance cover to an “Enclosed Space’ is removed, it must be determined that it is safe to do so by checking for the presence of any atmospheric pressure or temperature differences and evaluating for possible hazardous
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atmospheres in or around the space. Any conditions making it unsafe to remove the cover must be eliminated before the cover is removed.
3.2.3. Protective Barriers: When covers are removed from “Enclosed Spaces”, the opening must be promptly guarded by a railing, temporary cover or other barrier.
3.2.4. Attendant Requirements: There must be an attendant that is immediately available outside the “Enclosed Space” entrance for emergency purposes. The attendant must survey the traffic and immediate area for any situation that could change the conditions inside the space and make it unsafe for entrants. Upon discovery of such conditions, the attendant must call for entrant evacuation of the space.
3.2.5. Attendants Work: The attendant is not precluded from performing other duties outside the “Enclosed Space” so long as the duties do not distract the attendant from monitoring employees within the space.
3.2.6. Training Requirements: The attendant must be “First Aid” and CPR trained and must maintain constant communication with entrants.
3.2.7. Ventilation: If continuous forced air ventilation is used, it shall begin before entry is made and shall be maintained long enough to ensure that a safe atmosphere exists prior to entry.
3.2.8. Gas Testing: If an open flame is required, a test for flammable gases and vapors must be made immediately before the open flame is used and continuously while the flame is in use.
3.2.9. Initial Atmospheric Testing: Prior to entry into an “Enclosed Space”, a qualified person must conduct testing for hazardous atmospheres. Gas monitors must have a current calibration date and be “bump tested” prior to use. All ML&P gas monitors meet test equipment type requirements.
3.2.10. Atmospheric Testing Requirements: Continuous atmospheric monitoring must be accomplished when entering any “Enclosed Space” and for the duration of time
employees are in the space. If a job has been shut down over two (2) hours, the atmosphere shall be re-tested prior to entry unless continuous monitoring has been conducted.
3.2.10.1. Initial Testing (Ventilation-Off): Initial testing of atmospheric conditions and subsequent tests after a job has been stopped for a significant period of time must be conducted with the ventilation systems shut down.
3.2.10.2. Further Testing (Ventilation-On): Further testing of atmospheric conditions must be conducted with ventilation systems turned on to ensure that all contaminants are removed and that the operating ventilation system is not itself causing a hazardous condition.
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3.2.10.3. Testing Considerations: Testing of “Enclosed Spaces” shall be conducted throughout the entire portion of the space to be occupied, at various height levels and behind equipment.
3.2.10.4. Acceptable Limits: The atmosphere of “Enclosed Spaces” will be considered within acceptable limits whenever the conditions in Table 3-1 for a “Non-Hazardous Atmosphere” are met.
3.2.10.5. Mitigation: Whenever testing of the atmosphere indicates that levels of oxygen, flammability or toxicity are not within acceptable limits, entry is prohibited until appropriate engineering or administrative controls are implemented or appropriate PPE is provided.
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Table 3-1 Atmospheric Condition
CONDITION HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE
NON-HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE
Flammability
1. Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 10 % of its Lower Explosive Limit (LEL). 2. Airborne combustible dust concentrations that meet or exceeds its LEL. (See Note 1)
1. Flammable gas, vapor or mist less than or equal to 10 % of its LEL. 2. Airborne combustible dust at a concentration less than its LEL
Oxygen Oxygen concentration less than 19.5 % (< 148 mm Hg) or greater than 23.5 % (> 179 mm Hg). (See Note 2)
Oxygen concentrations between 19.5 % and 23.5 % (148 –179 mm Hg).
Toxicity .
An atmospheric concentration of any chemical substance above the Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) which could result in exposure in excess of its dose or OEL. (See Note 3)
An atmospheric concentration of any chemical substance, which is not capable of causing death, incapacitation, injury, impairment of ability to self rescue or acute illness due to its health effects.
Other Condition
Any atmospheric condition that is Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH). (See Note 4)
No IDLH atmospheric condition present.
Note 1: This concentration may be approximated as a condition in which the dust obscures vision at a distance of five (5) feet or less. Note 2: Based upon a total atmospheric pressure of seven-hundred-sixty (760) mm Hg (sea level). Note 3: Exposure at or above levels that have been determined to be safe solely to prevent long-term adverse health effects is not considered a hazardous atmosphere on that basis alone and in itself would not constitute a IDLH condition. Note 4: Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) – as referenced in National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Registry to Toxic and Chemical Substances, Manufacturing Chemists data sheets or other recognized authorities.
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3.3. Hazard Communications (HAZCOM): HAZCOM is the process for informing employees of the hazards associated with and proper preventative measures required when using or handling hazardous materials in the workplace. HAZCOM is intended to reduce the incidence of chemically induced occupational illnesses and injuries.
3.3.1. Supplier Determinations: ML&P will rely on the hazard determination of the supplier or manufacturer for purchased potentially hazardous materials.
3.3.2. Exceptions: This section does not apply to the following:
Hazardous waste. Wood or wood products. Consumer Products. When these products are used in the workplace in the
same manner as normal consumer use. This will be a case-by-case judgment.
Warehousing. As long as employees only handle materials in sealed containers that are not opened under normal conditions.
3.3.3. Training Requirements: Any employee moving to a new position or section must receive workplace specific HAZCOM training at the start of their new assignment.
3.3.4. Hazardous Chemicals Inventory: Workplace supervisors will ensure that an inventory of all hazardous chemicals is compiled including Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and maintained in a central location in the workplace.
3.3.5. Initial Inventory: An initial workplace chemical inventory will be conducted by contract personnel.
3.3.6. Inventory Contractor: Annually thereafter, contract personnel will ensure that an annual inventory validation is accomplished. A new updated inventory will be made available to the supervisor within thirty (30) days by the contractor.
3.3.7. Record Keeping: MSDS database CDs showing each workplace chemical inventory will remain available and are deemed to meet the minimum requirements for HAZCOM as long as they are kept current. These inventories should be dated to ensure they are current.
3.3.8. Non-Routine Tasks: When a non-routine task (item of unique or non-routine nature) is encountered, the immediate supervisor will inform the affected employees of the hazards associated with the task. The supervisor must determine the appropriate PPE required and must ensure it is available and used while employees perform the non-routine task. The supervisor will also review the appropriate MSDS and discuss the same with the affected employees.
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3.4. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): Supervisors are responsible for ensuring MSDSs
are available for each hazardous chemical used within their respective work centers. MSDSs are available through the MSDS Management System database maintained on-line at http://MLP.MSDSprovider.com , and are available in each work center.
3.4.1. Chemicals Without MSDSs: If an MSDS is not available for a newly procured chemical, the employee or supervisor shall adhere to the following procedure:
Fill out a MSDS data sheet (see form on next page), Fax the data sheet to the safety office at 263-5836.
The MSDS Management System provider will search for the appropriate MSDS and enter the information into the MSDS database where it will be available on-line.
3.4.2. New Chemicals: New chemicals with MSDSs. New MSDSs are required to be added to the MSDS database as soon as possible using the following procedure:
Fax the MSDS to the safety office at 263-5836.
The MSDS Management System provider will enter the information into the MSDS database where it will be available on-line.
3.4.3. Labeling Requirements: All incoming containers of hazardous chemicals/materials brought to, or used within ML&P must be properly labeled, tagged or marked. The workplace supervisor and employees will ensure:
Each container of hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled, tagged or
marked with the identity of the hazardous chemicals contained therein and the appropriate hazard warnings.
Labels on incoming containers of hazardous chemicals are not removed or defaced. If the label is defaced, the container must be immediately marked with the required information.
Transfer containers, vats, tanks and other containers filled with hazardous materials are properly labeled.
3.4.4. Chemical Transfer Operations: When chemicals are transferred from the primary container to a secondary or portable container, the secondary or portable container must be labeled with the identity of the hazardous chemicals contained therein and the appropriate hazard warnings applied.
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Figure 3-1 MSDS Data Sheet
MSDS DATA SHEET
Name_______________________________ Date___________________ Phone No._____________ Contact Name______________________ Phone No._____________ Type of Chemical______________________________________________ Exact Location Chemical is Stored ______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ Chemical Name ___________________________________________________________________________ Chemical Manufacturer __________________________________________________________________ Amount _________________________ Other Information_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Quantity of Chemical Used________________________
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3.5. Hearing Conservation Program (HCP): The ML&P Hearing Conservation Program (HCP) consists of the following elements:
Monitoring Audiometric Testing Hearing Protection Training and Information Recordkeeping
3.5.1. Monitoring: Monitoring is accomplished to provide an ongoing means of determining and evaluating occupational noise level and subsequent employee exposure levels.
A periodic sampling strategy based on employee job functions, locations and equipment type will be used and documented. Sampling will be accomplished by the safety office or designee using sound level meters and noise dosimeter equipment.
Noise sampling data will be used to determine employee inclusion in the ML&P HCP. Any employee exposed to at or above the eight (8) hour Time Weighted Average (TWA) of eighty-five (85) decibels will be included in the program and notified of their inclusion.
Noise sampling will be repeated whenever a change in production, process, equipment or controls deem it necessary. Noise sampling will also be accomplished periodically at the request of employees or at the discretion of the safety director.
3.5.2. Affected Employees: Affected employees will receive audiometric testing annually at ML&P’s cost. New employees hired into positions that have been identified as being part of ML&P’s HCP should have a baseline audiometric test accomplished within thirty (30) days of hire.
Upon completion of testing, employees will be counseled on the results of their test. Within ten (10) working days of receipt of the formal written results of audiograms, employees who require further evaluation or who have confirmed standard threshold shift will be notified by the safety office.
When evaluation of the audiogram shows an employee has incurred a reportable threshold shift, the safety office will fulfill OSHA reporting requirements.
Employee audiometric testing records are available to the affected employees, upon request, from the safety office.
A listing of duty positions that have been identified as having an exposure level at or above the eight (8) hour TWA of eighty-five (85) decibels of occupational noise are covered by ML&P’s HCP. A list of ML&P duty positions with associated status under this program is available in the safety office.
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3.5.3. Eligibility: ML&P provides hearing protection to all employees regardless of duty position or level of exposure to occupational noise. Information on the use and care of hearing protection is available in SOP S-132. This SOP can be obtained from the safety office or from the “Safety Page” on the ML&P Intranet.
Hearing protection is required in all posted known hazardous noise areas. Hearing protection must be used in any location where a specific noise hazard is present such as pneumatic tools, grinders, portable engines, heavy equipment operation and other such noise sources.
In the absence of posted or verbal directions, the rule of thumb concerning noise level is as follows: if normal conversation can be heard from two feet away, the level is likely to be less than ninety (90) dB. This level can be tolerated for approximately eight (8) hours by unprotected ears without experiencing long term hearing damage. The use of hearing protection by all employees exposed to noise levels in excess of the following is mandatory:
Table 3-2
Noise Levels Duration – hours per day Sound level dBA – slow response
8 90 6 92 4 95 3 97
2 100 1 ½ 102 ½ 105 ¼ or less 115 3.5.4. Annual Training: Training for all employees included in ML&P’s HCP is provided annually by the safety office during monthly division safety meetings. This training usually takes place early in the year around the January/February time frame. If employees requiring this training miss or cannot attend the training provided by the safety office, then the affected employee’s supervisor must ensure training is provided as soon as possible.
Videos that meet training requirements are available through the safety office. Power Point training presentations are available on the ML&P Intranet under the “Safety Page”.
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3.5.5. Records: All records pertaining to ML&P’s Hearing Conservation Program are
available upon request. ML&P retains the following records for a minimum of five (5) years:
Noise sampling data Noise sampling equipment information Audiometric testing equipment records Employee audiometric testing records Audiologist records Employee training
3.6. Lighting: Where natural illumination is not sufficient, artificial lighting will be used. A minimum of twenty (20) foot candles of illumination is required for all work areas and a minimum of five (5) foot candles are required for general areas. Temporary lighting, except battery powered, shall be protected with approved guards. For “Confined Spaces”, “Enclosed Spaces” or other areas that flammable materials or atmospheres exist or may exist, intrinsically safe lighting equipment shall be used. 3.7. Asbestos Management: ML&P’s strategy with regard to management of asbestos
containing materials is to abate as soon as practical unless employee exposure dictates otherwise.
3.7.1. Asbestos Surveys: Asbestos surveys have been conducted throughout all facilities currently occupied by ML&P employees. The results of these surveys are available in both the safety and facility maintenance offices. New surveys will be conducted on a periodic basis based upon abatement activity.
3.7.2. Notifications: All facility personnel must be notified prior to any asbestos abatement activity or work that may disturb asbestos containing materials. All work on or that may disrupt asbestos containing materials will be scheduled to minimize employee exposure.
3.7.3. Abatement: Asbestos abatement will not be conducted by ML&P’s personnel. Asbestos abatement will be conducted by contract personnel who hold appropriate certifications to conduct asbestos abatement.
3.7.3.1. Abatement Requirements: Containment and marking will be utilized for all asbestos abatement activities.
3.7.3.2. Monitoring: During asbestos abatement activities, airborne exposure monitoring will be conducted to determine if work practices used are appropriate. Monitoring may be discontinued when data verifies that exposures are below the permissive exposure limit.
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3.7.4. Discovery: When suspected asbestos containing materials are encountered, the safety office must be notified immediately. The safety office is responsible for providing guidance on investigation, sampling and mitigation.
3.8. Ventilation: During any operation that may produce or release harmful vapors, fumes, or
airborne particulates, welding hoods, exhaust ventilation, cross ventilation or dilution ventilation must be utilized for the duration of the operation.
Maintenance operations producing airborne hazards may include but are not limited to the following processes:
Welding Grinding Chemical cleaning Battery charging Painting Coating Gluing
3.9. Respiratory Protection: See SOP S-134 (ML&P Intranet)
3.10. Fall Protection: Each employee on a walking/working surface (horizontal and vertical) with an unprotected side or edge which is four (4) feet or more above a lower level shall be protected from falling by the use of guardrail system, safety net system or personal fall arrest system.
3.10.1. Elevated Platforms: Approved fall arrest protection shall be used in any vehicle-mounted elevating and rotating work platform.
3.10.2. Man-Baskets: Approved fall arrest protection shall be used by personnel in a lifting man-basket.
3.10.3. Station Transformers: Approved fall arrest protection shall be used when working on top of station class transformers.
3.10.4. Scaffolding: Approved fall arrest protection shall be used in the erection of scaffolding greater than ten (10) feet in height.
3.10.5. Climbing Operations: Fall arrest protection equipment is not required to be used by a qualified employee climbing or changing location on poles, towers or similar structures unless conditions such as ice, high winds, the design of the structure or the presence of contaminants on the structure could cause the employee to lose his grip or footing. This only applies to structures that support overhead electric power generation, transmission and distribution lines and equipment. It does not apply to portions of buildings, transformers and capacitors.
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3.10.6. Body Belts: Body belts are only to be used for positioning, restricting movement to less than two (2) feet, and are not considered to be fall arrest protection. 3.10.7. Guardrail Systems: The requirements for guardrail systems are described below:
The top rail shall be forty-two (42) inches plus or minus three (3) inches above the walking working level and be able to withstand two-hundred (200) lbs of force.
Mid-rails shall be installed between the top edge of the guardrail and the walking/working surface or at least twenty-one (21) inches above the working surface and be able to withstand one-hundred-fifty (150) lbs of force.
3.10.8. Compatibility: All components of a fall arrest system shall be compatible with
manufacturer’s recommendation. 3.10.9. Inspections: All components of a fall arrest system shall be inspected prior to use. 3.10.10. Approved Lanyards: Only rip-away or self-retracting lanyards shall be used.
3.10.11. Roof Work: Work on roofs may be accomplished without fall protection if work is no closer than six (6) feet from the edge and a warning system has been set up no closer than six (6) feet from the edge or fall restraint measures are taken.
3.11. Excavation and Trenching: Mechanical excavation equipment shall be used only in
areas where there is no known danger of contacting or damaging buried facilities. Hand digging, air knives or vacuum excavators are the only methods allowed within two (2) feet of locate marks.
3.11.1. Locates: Before excavating in an area where buried facilities are suspected, such facilities shall be located as accurately as possible.
3.11.2. PPE Required: Whenever boring equipment is used, it must be grounded and the operator must wear rubber gloves.
3.11.3. Cable Damage: If electric cables are damaged, the following steps shall be
taken:
If the damaged cable belongs to a power company other than the one performing the work, this company shall be notified immediately.
The area shall be barricaded and the public kept out until hazardous conditions can be eliminated.
A qualified person shall maintain control of the area with exposed or hazardous cables.
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3.11.4. Exposed Cables: If energized electrical cables are exposed they are to be under the control of a qualified person.
3.11.5. Qualified Person: A qualified person is a journeyman who holds a current
“Certificate of Fitness” in the “Journeyman Lineman” or “Electrician” category issued by the State of Alaska.
3.11.6. Gas Line Damage: If gas lines are damaged, the following steps shall be taken as
soon as possible:
The hole shall be left open to allow the gas to dissipate into the atmosphere. All possible sources of ignition shall be removed or eliminated.
Residents of the area shall be warned when necessary and the public kept out of the area.
The local fire department shall be notified immediately. The gas company shall be notified immediately. The local police department shall be notified. All personnel are to evacuate the excavation. Dispatch shall be notified.
3.11.7. Other Utilities: If communication cables, TV cables, sewer lines, water lines or
gas lines are damaged, the affected company shall be notified immediately.
3.11.8. Trenching: When trenches are opened, warning devices such as barriers, barricades or guardrails shall be placed to adequately protect the public and employees.
3.11.8.1. Evening Shutdown: At the end of each work day, as much of the trench as practical shall be closed. No more trenches shall be left opened at one time than is absolutely necessary.
3.11.9. Hand Protection: Suitable gloves shall be worn when using equipment or tools to excavate, expose or handle secondary cables. Gloves shall also be used when digging with approved hand tools to expose primary cables. See Section 4.
3.11.10. Spoil Piles: In excavations which employees may be required to enter, soil piles or other material shall be effectively stored and retained at least two (2) feet or more from the edge of the excavation.
3.11.11. Excavation Inspections: Prior to an employee entering any trench or excavation, it shall be inspected by a competent person at the beginning of the day’s work and additional times depending on environmental conditions.
3.11.12. Egress: When employees are required to be working in trenches four (4) feet deep or more, an adequate means of exit such as a ladder, ramp or steps shall be provided and located so as to require no more than twenty-five (25) feet of lateral travel.
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3.11.13. Protective Systems: A protective system is required when the sides of trenches are five (5) feet or more in depth. These excavations shall be shored, sloped or otherwise supported by means of sufficient strength to protect employees working within them.
Table 3-3
Excavation Side Slope
Approximate Angle of Repose for Sloping Sides of Excavations
Soil or Rock Type Maximum Allowable Slopes (H :V)(1) For Excavations Less Than 20 Feet Deep(3)
Stable Rock Vertical (90º)
Type A (2) ¾ : 1 (53º)
Type B 1 : 1 (45º)
Type C 1 ½ : 1 (34º)
Notes
(1) Numbers shown in parentheses next to maximum allowable slopes are angles expressed in degrees from the horizontal. Angles have been rounded off.
(2) A short-term maximum allowable slope of ½ H : 1 V (63 Degrees) is allowed in excavations in Type A soil that are twelve (12) feet (3.67 m) or less in depth. Short-term maximum allowable slopes for excavations greater than twelve (12) feet (3.67 m) in depth must be ¾ H : 1 V (53 Degrees).
(3) Sloping or benching for excavations greater than twenty (20) feet deep must be designed by a registered professional engineer.
3.11.13.1. Type A: “Type A” soils are defined as cohesive soils with an unconfined
compressive strength of one and one-half (1.5) Tons Per Square Foot (TPSF) (144 kPa) or greater. Examples of cohesive soils are clay, sandy clay, clay loam and in some cases, silty clay loam and sandy clay loam. Cemented soils such as caliche and hardpan are also considered Type A. However, no soil is Type A if the following characteristics are present:
The soil is fissured The soil is subject to vibration from heavy traffic, pile driving
or similar effects The soil has been previously disturbed The soil is part of a sloped, layered system where the layers dip
into the excavation on a slope of four (4) horizontal to one (1) vertical (4 H : 1 V) or greater
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The material is subject to other factors that would require it to be classified as a less stable material.
3.11.13.2. Type B: “Type B” soils are defined as cohesive soils with the following
characteristics: Cohesive soils with an unconfined compressive strength
greater than one-half (0.5) TPSF (48 kPa) but less than one and one-half (1.5) TPSF (144 kPa)
Granular cohesiveless soils including angular gravel similar to crushed rock, silt, silt loam, sandy loam and in some cases, silty clay loam and sandy clay loam
Previously disturbed soils except those which would otherwise meet the unconfined compressive strength or cementation requirements for Type A but is fissured or subject to vibration
Dry rock that is not stable Material that is part of a sloped, layered system where the
layers dip into the excavation on a slope less steep than four (4) horizontal to one (1) vertical (4 H : 1 V) but only if the material would otherwise be classified as “Type B”.
3.11.13.2. Type C: “Type C” soils are defined as cohesive soils with the following
characteristics: Cohesive soil with an unconfined compressive strength of one-
half (0.5) TPSF (48 kPa) or less Granular soils including gravel, sand and loamy sand Submerged soil or soil from which water is freely seeping Submerged rock that is not stable Material in a sloped, layered system where the layers dip into
the excavation or a slope of four (4) horizontal to one (1) vertical (4 H : 1 V) or steeper
3.11.14. Sloping or Benching: Sloping or benching for excavations greater than twenty (20) feet deep shall be designed by a registered professional engineer.
3.11.15. Trenching Activities: Trenching machines which are parked or operating on streets or highways, shall be protected by proper warning devices.
3.11.16. Unattended Equipment: When it is necessary to leave excavating equipment unattended, the blade, bucket or scoop shall be lowered to the ground.
3.12. Physical Agent Data Sheet (PADS): Physical agents, as defined by AKOSH 8 AAC 61.1110, that ML&P’s employees may be exposed to are listed as follows:
Hypothermia Heat stress Noise
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Hand-arm stress due to vibration Ultraviolet radiation
3.12.1. Training: Training on the physical agents will be conducted annually in conjunction with established safety meetings. This training will be documented through meeting minutes and attendance rosters maintained by the safety office.
3.12.2. Hypothermia: Hypothermia is a condition brought about by a loss of body temperature caused by exposure to cold and aggravated by moisture, wind and exhaustion.
Hypothermia begins to set in when your body core temperature drops below ninety-five (95) degrees Fahrenheit. If steps are not taken to raise the victim's body temperature, mental and physical collapse will result.
Typical symptoms of hypothermia include:
Uncontrollable shivering Vague, slow, slurred speech Memory lapses and incoherence Immobile, fumbling hands Frequent stumbling Drowsiness and exhaustion
Treatment consists of getting the victim out of the cold, getting them into warm dry clothing and feeding them warm liquids. If they get sick or lose consciousness call an ambulance immediately.
Prevention is the key to hypothermia. One can stay dry and warm by insulating his body against cold, wet weather. This is accomplished by dressing in layers that can easily be removed if sweating occurs. Wearing a hat, knit or watch cap will conserve as much as fifty (50) % of one’s body heat.
3.12.3. Heat Stress: Excessive heat can subject one’s body to hazardous stress. Its potential toll is a spectrum of ills ranging from mild discomfort to life-threatening heat stroke. One can protect themselves with common-sense approaches but if heat stress strikes, one needs to be alert to the signs and act quickly to cool down.
The human body maintains its normal temperature of ninety-eight-point-six (98.6) degrees Fahrenheit by radiating heat from its core outward to the skin's surface where breezes of air help transfer it into the atmosphere. However, this process only works well when the ambient temperature is equal to or lower than that of the human body.
As ambient temperature rises or when the body produces more heat during exertion, the brain triggers an increase in blood flow to the skin. This increases sweat production which helps drive away heat through evaporation of the moisture. When the humidity is less than seventy-five (75) percent, this is the principal way the body cools itself. At a higher humidity levels, evaporation of sweat diminishes rapidly and stops completely when the humidity reaches ninety (90) percent.
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When it is both hot and humid, it becomes more difficult for the body to release the heat that builds up. As a result, the body temperature can climb rapidly. Initially, one may be only mildly uncomfortable. One may feel dizzy, have a headache and be tired.
Heat Cramps represent the mildest form of heat stress. They are most often seen in poorly conditioned athletes who drink inadequate amounts of liquids before and during strenuous exercise. If relief from the heat is not obtained, heat exhaustion and heat stroke may follow.
Heat Exhaustion results when the heart, circulatory system and central nervous system fails to respond to heat stress. In the early stages, heat exhaustion causes nausea, vomiting and muscle aches. Heat exhaustion quickly can progress to heat stroke, a condition in which the temperature-regulating center of the brain shuts down. At this point, the body temperature soars. This can lead to severe, even fatal, brain, liver or kidney damage.
Prevention methods of heat related illnesses consist of the following:
Drinking plenty of liquids - Choose from water, fruit or vegetable juices. Shun beverages containing alcohol or caffeine. They can severely dehydrate the body. A general rule: drink at least one and one-half (1 ½) times the amount of liquid that quenches one’s thirst.
Keep rooms cool - Use fans to pull cooler air into rooms. Pull shades over sunny windows.
Select the right clothing - Wear lightweight, loose-fitting clothes that breathe. Light-colored clothes reflect the heat. Take frequent showers or baths.
Treatment of heat related illnesses consists of getting out of the heat, drinking plenty of liquid and placing a wet towel behind the neck. If the victim loses consciousness or vomits call an ambulance.
3.12.4. Noise: Excessive noise exposure can cause both temporary and permanent changes in hearing sensitivity. Repeated exposures, over time, can result in hearing loss, physical and psychological disorders, poor detection of warning sounds, disruption of job performance, interfere with speech and cause communication problems.
Hearing sensitivity can be affected by inherited traits, aging, illness, injuries to the ear structures and on-and-off-the-job noise exposures. The damage caused by excessive noise exposures (above eighty (80) dB) is cumulative, progressively decreasing the sensitivity to higher frequencies. Any exposure to noise levels above one-hundred-forty (140) dB is very damaging and the ear must always be protected from this level of exposure. It is difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish between hearing damage caused by on-the-job exposure, off-the-job exposures or aging processes. As one ages, even individuals who have not been exposed to industrial noise levels lose the ability to detect the higher frequency sounds; however, exposure to loud sounds can accelerate or enhance this loss.
3.12.5. Hand-Arm Stress Due to Vibration: Hand-arm vibration stress is caused by the use of vibrating hand tools such as jack hammers, drills, gas powered chain saws and
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electrical tools such as grinders. By the nature of using these tools, vibration is transmitted from the tool to the hands and the arms of whoever is using the tool.
Vibration syndrome includes a group of symptoms related to the use of vibrating tools and includes muscle weakness, muscle fatigue, pain in the arms and shoulders and vibration induced white finger.
Vibration induced white finger, also known as dead finger, is the result of impaired circulation in the fingers caused by prolonged use of vibrating tools.
Prevention consists of substituting vibrating tools for non-vibrating tools when possible and taking breaks for ten (10) minutes every hour or using anti-vibration gloves.
3.12.6. Ultra Violet (UV) Radiation: UV radiation is the name for a band of energy on the electromagnetic spectrum that lies between visible light and x-rays. Common sources of UV are welding arcs, plasma torches and high voltage electrical flashes.
Exposure to UV from these sources can result in burns to the skin and eyes. Prevention from UV injuries consists of using the appropriate PPE. See Section 4 for PPE selection use and care.
3.13. Air Receivers: All air receivers and safety valves must meet the requirements outlined in
the A.S.M.E. Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Under no circumstances shall an air receiver be buried underground or located in an inaccessible place.
3.13.1. Drain Valves: Drain pipes and valves must be installed at the lowest point of air receivers. The drain valves must be opened and the receiver completely drained frequently to prevent accumulation of fluids in the receivers. 3.13.2. Safety Valves and Gauges: Every air receiver must be equipped with an indicating pressure gauge that is readily visible. Each air receiver must be equipped with a spring loaded safety valve that prevents the pressure in the receiver from exceeding the maximum working pressure of the receiver. No valve will be placed between the receiver and the safety valve(s). 3.13.3. Testing Intervals: All safety valves will be tested or replaced with new valves at regular intervals.
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3.14. Mold Remediation: This section presents guidelines for the remediation and cleanup of mold and moisture problems in ML&P facilities including measures designed to protect the health of building occupants and remediators. 3.14.1. Prevention: Since mold requires water to grow, it is important to prevent
moisture problems in buildings. Moisture problems can have many causes including uncontrolled humidity. Some moisture problems in buildings have been linked to changes in building construction practices during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Some of these changes have resulted in buildings that are tightly sealed but lack adequate ventilation, potentially leading to moisture buildup. Building materials such as drywall may not allow moisture to escape easily. Moisture problems may be caused from roof leaks, landscaping or gutters that direct water into or under the building and un-vented combustion appliances. Delayed maintenance or insufficient maintenance is also associated with moisture problems in schools and large buildings. Mold problems in temporary structures have frequently been associated with moisture problems.
Remediators must avoid exposing themselves and others to mold-laden dusts as they conduct remediation activities. Caution must be used to prevent mold spores from being dispersed throughout the air where they can be inhaled by occupants.
In electrical utility vaults, employee exposure is lower so adverse health affects are not anticipated but remain possible.
The key to mold control is moisture control. Some control suggestions are listed below:
Fix leaky plumbing and leaks in the building as soon as possible. Watch for condensation and wet spots. Fix source(s) of moisture problem(s) as
soon as possible. Prevent moisture due to condensation by increasing surface temperature or
reducing the moisture level in the air (humidity). To increase surface temperature, insulate or increase air circulation. To reduce the moisture level in the air, repair leaks, increase ventilation if outside air is cold and dry or dehumidify if outdoor air is warm and humid.
Keep Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) drip pans clean, flowing properly and unobstructed.
Vent moisture-generating appliances such as dryers to the outside where possible. Maintain indoor humidity below sixty (60) % Relative Humidity (RH) The ideal
indoor RH is between thirty-fifty (30-50) %. Perform regular building HVAC inspections and maintenance as scheduled. Clean and dry wet or damp spots within forty-eight (48) hours. Don't let foundations stay wet. Provide drainage and slope the ground away from
the foundation.
3.14.2. Hidden Mold: In some cases, indoor mold growth may not be obvious. It is possible that mold may be growing on hidden surfaces such as the backside of dry wall, wallpaper or paneling, the top of ceiling tiles, the underside of carpets and pads, etc.
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Possible locations of hidden mold can include pipe chases and utility tunnels with leaking or condensing pipes, walls behind furniture where condensation forms, condensate drain pans inside air handling units, porous thermal or acoustic liners inside ductwork or roof materials above ceiling tiles due to roof leaks or insufficient insulation.
Some building materials such as dry wall with vinyl wallpaper or wood paneling over it, may act as vapor barriers, trapping moisture underneath their surfaces and thereby providing a moist environment where mold can grow. You may suspect hidden mold if a building smells moldy but you cannot see the source or if you know there has been water damage and building occupants are reporting health problems. Investigating hidden mold problems may be difficult and will require caution when the investigation involves disturbing potential sites of mold growth. PPE should be used in these cases.
For example, removal of wallpaper can lead to a release of spores from mold growing on the underside of the paper. If mold is discovered, the remediation plan should be revised to account for the total area affected by mold growth.
3.14.3. Remediation: Key steps to mold remediation include:
Select remediation manager Assess size of mold problem and note type of mold-damaged materials Communicate with building occupants throughout process as appropriate to
situation Identify source or cause of water or moisture problem Plan remediation and adapt guidelines to fit situation. See Tables 3-4, 3-5, 3-6 Select PPE Select containment equipment Select remediation personnel or team Choose between outside expertise or in-house expertise Remediate Fix water or moisture problem Clean and dry moldy materials. See Table 3-5, 3-6 Discard moldy items that can't be cleaned Dry non-moldy items within forty-eight (48) hours. See Table 3-4 Check for return of moisture and mold problem
If hidden mold is discovered, reevaluate plan.
A remediation plan may vary greatly depending on the size and complexity of the job and may require revision if circumstances change or new facts are discovered.
The remediation manager's highest priority must be to protect the health and safety of the building occupants and remediators. It is also important to communicate with building occupants when mold problems are identified. In some cases, especially those involving large areas of contamination, temporary relocation of some or all of the building occupants may be required.
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The decision to relocate occupants should consider the size and type of the area affected by mold growth, the type and extent of health effects reported by the occupants, the potential health risks that could be associated with debris and the amount of disruption likely to be caused by remediation activities. If possible, remediation activities should be scheduled during off-hours when building occupants are less likely to be affected.
Remediators, particularly those with health-related concerns, may wish to check with their doctors or health care professionals before working on mold remediation or investigating potentially moldy areas. If there are any doubts or questions, one should consult a health care professional before beginning a remediation project.
3.14.4. Cleanup Methods: A variety of mold cleanup methods are available for remediating damage to building materials and furnishings caused by moisture control problems and mold growth. The specific method or group of methods used will depend on the type of material affected. Please note that professional remediators may use some methods not covered in these guidelines. Absence of a method in these guidelines does not necessarily mean that it is not useful.
Method 1: Wet Vacuum: Wet vacuums are vacuum cleaners designed to collect water. They can be used to remove water from floors, carpets and hard surfaces where water has accumulated. They should not be used to vacuum porous materials such as gypsum board. They should be used only when materials are still wet because wet vacuums may spread spores if sufficient liquid is not present. The tanks, hoses and attachments of these vacuums should be thoroughly cleaned and dried after each use since mold and mold spores may stick to the surfaces.
Method 2: Damp Wipe: Whether dead or alive, mold is allergenic and some molds may be toxic. Mold can generally be removed from nonporous (hard) surfaces by wiping or scrubbing with water or water and detergent. It is important to dry these surfaces quickly and thoroughly to discourage further mold growth. Instructions for cleaning surfaces, as listed on product labels, should always be read and followed. Porous materials that are wet and have mold growing on them may have to be discarded. Since molds will infiltrate porous substances and grow on or fill in empty spaces or crevices, the mold can be difficult or impossible to remove completely.
Method 3: HEPA Vacuum: High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) vacuums are recommended for final cleanup of remediation areas after materials have been thoroughly dried and contaminated materials removed. HEPA vacuums are also recommended for cleanup of dust that may have settled on surfaces outside the remediation area. Care must be taken to assure that the filter is properly seated in the vacuum so that all intake air must pass through the filter. When changing the vacuum filter, remediators should wear PPE to prevent exposure to the mold that has been captured. The filter and contents of the HEPA vacuum must be disposed of in sealed plastic bags.
Method 4: Discard: Remove damaged materials and seal in plastic bags. Building materials and furnishings that are both contaminated with mold growth and are not
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salvageable should be double-bagged using six (6) mil polyethylene sheeting. These materials can then usually be discarded as ordinary construction waste. It is important to package mold contaminated materials in sealed bags before removal from the containment area to minimize the dispersion of mold spores throughout the building. Large items that have heavy mold growth should be covered with polyethylene sheeting and sealed with duct tape before they are removed from the containment area.
3.14.5. PPE: If the remediation job disturbs mold and mold spores become airborne, then the risk of respiratory exposure goes up. Actions that are likely to stir up mold include breakup of moldy porous materials such as wallboard, invasive procedures used to examine or remediate mold growth in a wall cavity, actively stripping or peeling wallpaper to remove it and using fans to dry items.
The primary function of PPE is to avoid inhaling mold and mold spores and to avoid mold contact with the skin or eyes.
Skin and Eye Protection: Gloves are required to protect the skin from contact with mold allergens, mold toxins and from potentially irritating cleaning solutions. Long gloves that extend to the middle of the forearm are recommended. The glove material should be selected based on the type of materials being handled. If a biocide is being used such as chlorine bleach or a strong cleaning solution, one should select gloves made from natural rubber, neoprene, nitrile, polyurethane or PVC. If a mild detergent or plain water is being used, ordinary household rubber gloves may be used. To protect the eyes, use properly fitted goggles or a full-face respirator with HEPA filter. Goggles must be designed to prevent the entry of dust and small particles. Safety glasses or goggles with open vent holes are not acceptable.
Respiratory Protection: Respirators protect cleanup workers from inhaling airborne mold, mold spores and dust. Types of respirators are described below:
Minimum Protection: Minimum protection (N-95) respirators should be used when cleaning up small areas affected by mold. This device covers the nose and mouth, will filter out ninety-five (95) % of the particulates in the air and is available in most hardware stores.
Limited Protection: Limited protection respirators includes the use of a half-face or full-face Air Purifying Respirator (APR) equipped with a HEPA filter cartridge. APRs contain both inhalation and exhalation valves that filter the air while ensuring freedom from mold particles. Note: half face APRs do not provide eye protection. In addition, the HEPA filters do not remove vapors or gases. All respirators should be approved by NIOSH.
Full Protection: Full protection respirators are used in situations where high levels of airborne dust or mold spores are likely or when intense or long-term exposures (the cleanup of large areas of contamination) are expected, a full-face, Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR) is recommended. Full-face
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PAPRs use a blower to force air through a HEPA filter. The HEPA-filtered air is supplied to a mask that covers the entire face or a hood that covers the entire head. The positive pressure within the hood prevents unfiltered air from entering through penetrations or gaps. Individuals must be trained on how to use their respirators before they begin remediation. The use of these respirators must be in compliance with OSHA regulations.
Disposable Protective Clothing: Disposable clothing is recommended during a medium or large remediation project to prevent the transfer and spread of mold to clothing and to eliminate skin contact with mold.
Limited Protection: Limited protection clothing consists of disposable paper overalls.
Full Protection: Full protection clothing consists of mold-impervious, disposable head and foot coverings and a body suit made of a breathable material such as TYVEK®,. All gaps such as those around ankles and wrists, should be sealed. Many remediators use duct tape to seal clothing.
3.14.6. Containment: The purpose of containment during remediation activities is to limit the release of mold into the air and surroundings in order to minimize the exposure of remediators and building occupants to mold. Mold and moldy debris should not be allowed to spread to areas in the building beyond the contaminated site.
In general, the size of the area helps determine the level of containment. However, a heavy growth of mold in a relatively small area could release more spores than a lighter growth of mold in a relatively large area. Choice of containment should be based on professional judgment. The primary object of containment should be to prevent occupant and remediator exposure to mold.
Limited Containment: Limited containment is generally recommended for areas involving between ten (10) and one-hundred (100) square feet of mold contamination. The enclosure around the moldy area should consist of a single layer of six (6) mil, fire-retardant polyethylene sheeting. The enclosure should have a slit entry and covering flap on the outside of the containment area.
For small areas, the polyethylene sheeting can be affixed to floors and ceilings with duct tape.
For larger areas, a steel or wooden stud frame can be erected and polyethylene sheeting attached to it.
All supply and air vents, doors, chases and risers within the containment area must be sealed with polyethylene sheeting to minimize the migration of contaminants to other parts of the building. Heavy mold growth on ceiling tiles may impact HVAC systems if the space above the ceiling is used as a return air plenum. In this case, containment
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should be installed from the floor to the ceiling deck and the filters in the air handling units serving the affected area may have to be replaced once remediation is finished.
The containment area must be maintained under negative pressure relative to surrounding areas. This will ensure that contaminated air does not flow into adjacent areas. This can be done with a HEPA-filtered fan unit exhausted outside of the building. For small, easily contained areas, an exhaust fan ducted to the outdoors can also be used. The surfaces of all objects removed from the containment area should be remediated and cleaned prior to removal.
Full Containment: Full containment is recommended for the cleanup of mold contaminated surface areas greater than one-hundred (100) square feet or in any situation in which it appears likely that the occupant space would be further contaminated without full containment. Double layers of polyethylene should be used to create a barrier between the moldy area and other parts of the building. A decontamination chamber or airlock should be constructed for entry and exit from the remediation area. The entryways to the airlock from the outside and from the airlock to the main containment area should consist of slit entries with covering flaps on the outside surface of each slit entry. The chamber should be large enough to hold a waste container and allow a person to put on and remove PPE. All contaminated PPE, except respirators, should be placed in a sealed bag while in this chamber.
Respirators should be worn until remediators are outside the decontamination chamber. PPE must be worn throughout the final stages of HEPA vacuuming and damp-wiping of the contained area. PPE must also be worn during HEPA vacuum filter changes or cleanup of the HEPA vacuum.
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Table 3-4 Water Damage - Cleanup and Mold Prevention
Guidelines for Response to Clean Water Damage within 24-48 Hours to Prevent Mold Growth*
Water-Damaged Material†
Actions
Books and papers For non-valuable items, discard books and papers. Photocopy valuable/important items, discard originals. Freeze (in frost-free freezer or meat locker) or freeze-dry.
Carpet and backing - dry within 24-48 hours§
Remove water with water extraction vacuum. Reduce ambient humidity levels with dehumidifier. Accelerate drying process with fans.
Ceiling tiles Discard and replace.
Cellulose insulation
Discard and replace.
Concrete or cinder block surfaces
Remove water with water extraction vacuum. Accelerate drying process with dehumidifiers, fans, and/or heaters.
Fiberglass insulation
Discard and replace.
Porous, hard surface flooring§ (Linoleum, ceramic tile, vinyl)
Vacuum or damp wipe with water and mild detergent and allow to dry. Scrub if necessary.
Check to make sure subflooring is dry. Dry subflooring if necessary.
Non-porous, hard surfaces (Plastics, metals)
Vacuum or damp wipe with water and mild detergent and allow to dry. Scrub if necessary.
Upholstered furniture
Remove water with water extraction vacuum. Accelerate drying process with dehumidifiers, fans and/or heaters. May be difficult to completely dry within forty-eight (48) hours. If the piece
is valuable, you may wish to consult a restoration/water damage professional who specializes in furniture.
Wallboard (Drywall and gypsum board)
May be dried in place if there is no obvious swelling and the seams are intact. If not, remove, discard and replace.
Ventilate the wall cavity, if possible.
Window drapes Follow laundering or cleaning instructions recommended by the manufacturer.
Wood surfaces Remove moisture immediately and use dehumidifiers, gentle heat and fans for drying. Use caution when applying heat to hardwood floors.
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Treated or finished wood surfaces may be cleaned with mild detergent and clean water and allowed to dry.
Wet paneling should be pried away from wall for drying.
*If mold growth has occurred or materials have been wet for more than forty-eight (48) hours, consult Table 3-9 guidelines. Even if materials are dried within forty-eight (48) hours, mold growth may have occurred. Items may be tested by professionals, if there is doubt. Note: Mold growth will not always occur after forty-eight (48) hours. This is only a guideline.
These guidelines are for damage caused by clean water. If you know or suspect that the water source is contaminated with sewage, chemical or biological pollutants, then PPE and containment are required by OSHA. An experienced professional should be consulted if you or your remediators do not have expertise remediating in contaminated water situations. Do not use fans before determining that the water is clean or sanitary.
† If a particular item(s) has high monetary value you may wish to consult a restoration/water damage specialist.
§ The subfloor under the carpet or other flooring material must also be cleaned and dried. See the appropriate section of this table for recommended actions depending on the composition of the subfloor.
Mold Remediation in Commercial Buildings: Guidelines for Remediating Building Materials with Mold Growth Caused by Clean
Water:
Table 3-4 presents remediation guidelines for building materials that have or are likely to have mold growth. The guidelines in Table 3-4 are designed to protect the health of occupants and cleanup personnel during remediation.
These guidelines are based on the area and type of material affected by water damage and/or mold growth.
Although the level of personal protection recommended in these guidelines is based on the total surface area contaminated and the potential for remediator and/or occupant exposure, professional judgment should always play a part in remediation decisions. These remediation guidelines are based on the size of the affected area to make it easier for remediators to select appropriate techniques rather than on the basis of health effects or research showing there is a specific method appropriate at a certain number of square feet. These guidelines have been designed to help construct a remediation plan. The remediation manager will then use professional judgment and experience to adapt the guidelines to particular situations. When in doubt, caution is advised. Consult an experienced mold remediator for more information. In cases where a particularly toxic mold species has been identified or is suspected, where extensive hidden mold is expected such as behind vinyl wallpaper or in the HVAC system, where the chances of the mold becoming airborne are estimated to be high or where individuals with severe allergies or asthma are present, a more cautious or conservative approach to remediation is indicated. Always make sure to protect remediators and building occupants from exposure to mold.
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Table 3-5 Guidelines for Remediating Building Materials with Mold Growth Caused by Clean
Water
Material or Furnishing Affected
Cleanup Methods† Personal Protective Equipment
Containment
SMALL - Total Surface Area Affected Less Than 10 square feet (ft2)
Books and papers 3
Carpet and backing 1, 3
Concrete or cinder block, vault walls
1, 3
Hard surface, porous flooring (linoleum, ceramic tile, vinyl, conductor sleeves)
1, 2, 3
Non-porous, hard surfaces (plastics, metals)
1, 2, 3
Upholstered furniture & drapes
1, 3
Wallboard (drywall and gypsum board)
3
Wood surfaces 1, 2, 3
Minimum
N-95 respirator, gloves, and goggles
None required
MEDIUM - Total Surface Area Affected Between 10 and 100 (ft2)
Books and papers 3
Carpet and backing 1,3,4
Concrete or cinder block, vault walls
1,3
Hard surface, porous flooring (linoleum, ceramic tile, vinyl, conductor sleeves)
1,2,3
Non-porous, hard surfaces (plastics, metals)
1,2,3
Upholstered furniture & drapes
1,3,4
Wallboard (drywall and gypsum board)
3,4
Wood surfaces 1,2,3
Limited or Full
Use professional judgment, consider potential for remediator exposure and size of contaminated area
Limited
Use professional judgment, consider
potential for remediator/occupant exposure and size of contaminated area
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LARGE - Total Surface Area Affected Greater Than 100 (ft2) or Potential for Increased Occupant or Remediator Exposure During Remediation Estimated to be
Significant
Books and papers 3
Carpet and backing 1,3,4
Concrete or cinder block, vault walls
1,3
Hard surface, porous flooring (linoleum, ceramic tile, vinyl, conductor sleeves)
1,2,3,4
Non-porous, hard surfaces (plastics, metals)
1,2,3
Upholstered furniture & drapes
1,2,4
Wallboard (drywall and gypsum board)
3,4
Wood surfaces 1,2,3,4
Full
Use professional judgment, consider potential for remediator/occupant exposure and size of contaminated area
Full
Use professional judgment, consider
potential for remediator exposure and size of contaminated area
†Select method most appropriate to situation. Since mold gradually destroys the things it grows on, if mold growth is not addressed promptly, some items may be damaged such that cleaning will not restore their original appearance. If mold growth is heavy and items are valuable or important, you may wish to consult a restoration, water damage, remediation expert. Cleanup Methods
Method 1: Wet Vacuum: Wet Vacuum as required. Note: In the case of porous materials, some mold spores/fragments will remain in the material but will not grow if the material is completely dried). Steam cleaning may be an alternative for carpets and some upholstered furniture.
Method 2: Damp-Wipe: Damp-wipe surfaces with plain water or with water and detergent solution (except wood —use wood floor cleaner); scrub as needed.
Method 3: High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA): HEPA vacuum after the material has been thoroughly dried. Dispose of the contents of the HEPA vacuum in well-sealed plastic bags.
Method 4: Discard: Remove water-damaged materials and seal in plastic bags while inside of containment. Dispose of as normal waste. HEPA vacuum area after it is dried.
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Minimum: Gloves, N-95 respirator and goggles/eye protection Limited: Gloves, N-95 respirator or half-face respirator with HEPA filter, disposable
overalls and goggles/eye protection Full: Gloves, disposable full body clothing, head gear, foot coverings and full-face
respirator with HEPA filter
Containment
Limited: Use polyethylene sheeting from ceiling to floor around affected area with a slit entry and covering flap. Maintain containment area under negative pressure with HEPA filtered fan unit. Block supply and return air vents within containment area.
Full: Use two (2) layers of fire-retardant polyethylene sheeting with one airlock chamber. Maintain area under negative pressure with HEPA filtered fan exhausted outside of building. Block supply and return air vents within containment area.
Table developed from literature and remediation documents including Bio-aerosols: Assessment and Control (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1999) and IICRC S500, Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Water Damage Restoration, (Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration, 1999)
How To Know When You Have Finished Remediation/Cleanup:
You must have completely fixed the water or moisture problem
You should complete mold removal. Use professional judgment to determine if the cleanup is sufficient. Visible mold, mold-damaged materials and moldy odors should not be present
Sampling the kinds and concentrations of mold and mold spores in the building should reveal the sample is similar to the levels found outside.
You should revisit the site(s) shortly after remediation and it should show no signs of water damage or mold growth
People should be able to occupy or re-occupy the space without health complaints or physical symptoms
Ultimately, this is a judgment call; there is no easy answer
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Table 3-6 Remediation in Utility Vaults
Material Affected Cleanup Methods†
Personal Protective Equipment
Containment
SMALL - Total Surface Area Affected Less Than 10 square feet (ft2)
Concrete or cinder block, vault walls
1, 3
Hard surface (conductor sleeves, metal)
1, 2, 3
Non-porous, hard surfaces (plastics, metals)
1, 2, 3
Minimum
N-95 respirator, gloves, and goggles
None required
MEDIUM - Total Surface Area Affected Between 10 and 100 (ft2)
Concrete or cinder block, vault walls
1, 3
Hard surface (conductor sleeves, metal)
1, 2, 3
Non-porous, hard surfaces (plastics, metals)
1, 2, 3
Concrete or cinder block, vault walls
1, 3
Wood surfaces 1,2,3
Limited or Full
Use professional judgment, consider
potential for remediator exposure and size of contaminated area
Limited
Use professional judgment, consider
potential for remediator exposure and size of contaminated area
LARGE - Total Surface Area Affected Greater Than 100 (ft2) or Potential for Increased Occupant or Remediator Exposure During Remediation Estimated to be
Significant
Concrete or cinder block, vault walls
1, 3
Hard surface (conductor sleeves, metal)
1, 2, 3
Non-porous, hard surfaces (plastics, metals)
1, 2, 3
Concrete or cinder block, vault walls
1, 3
Wood surfaces 1,2,3
Full
Use professional judgment, consider
potential for remediator/occupant exposure and size of contaminated area
Full
Use professional judgment, consider
potential for remediator exposure and size of contaminated area
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Cleanup Methods
Method 1: Wet Vacuum: Method 2: Damp-Wipe: Damp-Wipe surfaces with plain water or with water and detergent
solution; scrub as needed. Method 3: High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA): HEPA vacuum after the material has been
thoroughly dried. Dispose of the contents of the HEPA vacuum in well-sealed plastic bags. Method 4: Discard: Remove water-damaged materials and seal in plastic bags while inside of
containment, if present. Dispose of as normal waste. HEPA vacuum area after it is dried.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Minimum: Gloves, N-95 respirator and goggles/eye protection Limited: Gloves, N-95 respirator or half-face respirator with HEPA filter, disposable
overalls and goggles/eye protection Full: Gloves, disposable full body clothing, head gear, foot coverings and full-face
respirator with HEPA filter
Containment
Limited: Use polyethylene sheeting from ceiling to floor around affected area with a slit entry and covering flap. Maintain area under negative pressure with HEPA filtered fan unit. Block supply and return air vents within containment area.
Full: Use two layers of fire-retardant polyethylene sheeting with one airlock chamber. Maintain area under negative pressure with HEPA filtered fan exhausted outside of building. Block supply and return air vents within containment area.
3.15. Working On or Near Exposed Energized Parts: Only qualified employees may work on or with exposed energized lines or parts of equipment. Only qualified employees may work in areas containing unguarded, uninsulated energized lines or parts of equipment operating at fifty (50) volts or more. Electric lines or equipment shall be considered and treated as energized unless the provisions in Section 5 of this manual, S-69 or S-70, as appropriate, have been followed.
3.15.1. Minimum Number of Employees: Except as provided in Section 3.15.2, at least two (2) employees must be present while the following types of work are being performed:
Installation, removal or repair of lines that are energized at more than six-hundred (600) volts.
Installation, removal or repair of deenergized lines if an employee is exposed to contact with other parts energized at more than six-hundred (600) volts.
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Installation, removal or repair of equipment such as transformers, capacitors and regulators, if an employee is exposed to contact with parts energized at more than six-hundred (600) volts.
Work involving the use of mechanical equipment, other than insulated aerial lifts, near parts energized at more than six-hundred (600) volts.
Other work that exposes an employee to electrical hazards greater than or equal to those posed by those listed above.
3.15.2. Applicability: Section 3.15.1. does not apply to the following operations:
Emergency repairs to the extent necessary to safeguard the general public.
3.15.3. Approach Restrictions: No employee may approach or take conductive objects closer to exposed energized parts than the distances listed in Table 8-1 unless the following is true:
They are insulated from the energized equipment by wearing appropriate rubber gloves or sleeves
The energized equipment is insulated from the employee and from any other conductive object at a different potential.
3.15.4. Body Positioning: Employees must, whenever conditions allow, work in a position from which a slip or shock will not bring their body in contact with exposed energized equipment.
3.15.5. Installing Jumpers: Connecting deenergized equipment or lines to an energized circuit by means of wire or device requires that the jumper wire must be connected to the deenergized part first and removed from the source end first when disconnecting.
3.15.6. Fuse Installation and Removal: When fuses must be installed or removed with one or both terminals energized at more than three-hundred (300) volts or with exposed parts energized at more than fifty (50) volts, gloves rated for the voltage must be used. When expulsion type fuses are installed with one or both terminals energized at more than three-hundred (300) volts eye protection and a tool rated for the voltage must be used.
3.15.7. Non-Current Carrying Parts: Non-current carrying metal parts of equipment or devices must be treated as energized at the highest voltage to which they are exposed unless they have been tested dead and grounded before work is performed.
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) SECTION 4 Overview: This section covers the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) requirements for employees, visitors and guests. Scope: The contents of this section apply to all facilities and work locations.
4.0. Equipment Procurement: All of the PPE required for employee use as outlined in this
procedure will be provided to the employee at ML&P’s expense. Equipment will be procured through each divisions own procurement channels. Contractors working at ML&P’s facilities will be responsible for providing their own PPE.
4.1. Contractors, Employee Visitors, Affected Employees, Guests, Tour Groups and
Technical Tour Groups: This chapter provides guidance on PPE use for contractors, employee visitors, affected employees, guests, tour groups and technical tour groups visiting ML&P’s facilities or operations where PPE is required. For the purposes of this procedure, ML&P’s board members are considered to be guests.
4.2. General Information: As a general rule, all contractors, employee visitors, affected
employees, guests, tour groups or technical tour groups visiting a work area or facility where PPE is required shall be protected to the same level and in the same manner as the employees that are working in that area if they are exposed to the same hazards and same level of hazard as the employees working in that area.
4.2.1. Minimum Requirements: In all cases, contractors, employee visitors, affected
employees, guests, tour groups or technical tour groups shall have clothing that will not create a hazardous condition such as heels, nylon or other highly flammable materials. The supervisor or foreman must assess how appropriate the clothing is based upon the location being visited, on a case by case basis.
4.3. Contractors: Contract personnel are required to provide their own PPE unless there are
specific provisions in their contract or they are otherwise advised by the supervisor or foreman in charge of the area where they are working. Contract personnel are required to strictly follow the guidelines outlined in this document.
4.4. Employee Visitors: ML&P’s employees who do not perform any of the duties requiring
the use of PPE as outlined in this procedure but who visit these areas are considered employee visitors.
4.4.1. Minimum PPE: Employee visitors are required to meet the requirements of this procedure as it applies to the purpose of their visit to the facility or work location and the hazards they may be exposed to during that visit. Employee visitors are required to wear PPE appropriate for the hazards they will encounter during their visit.
EXAMPLE: An employee visitor, while assigned to one of the generation facilities, will be required to wear a hard hat at all times as outlined in this procedure. Hearing
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protection will only be required when exposed to noise hazards. Foot protection will only be required when feet are exposed to crushing, impact or chemical hazards.
4.4.2. Frequent Visitors: Employee visitors who frequently visit locations or operations where PPE is required shall acquire their own PPE through their own divisional procurement channels and meet the same requirements as employees who work in the area.
4.5. Affected Employees: ML&P employees who perform duties requiring the use of PPE
and ML&P employees who do not perform duties requiring the use of PPE as outlined in this procedure but who work in a facility where the use of PPE is required are considered affected employees. These employees include administrative employees.
4.5.1. Minimum PPE: Affected employees are required to meet the requirements of this
procedure as it applies to the hazards they may be exposed to during each activity they are engaged in. Affected employees are required to wear PPE appropriate for the hazards they encounter.
EXAMPLE: An affected employee walking through one of the generation facilities will
be required to wear a hard hat at all times as outlined in this procedure. Hearing protection will only be required when exposed to noise hazards. Foot protection will only be required when feet are exposed to crushing, impact or chemical hazards.
4.5.2. Affected employees shall acquire their own PPE through their own divisional
procurement.
4.6. Guests and Tour Groups: Guests and tour groups must not be exposed to any condition that would require they wear extensive PPE. If the occasion arises where they are exposed to a hazardous condition that requires the use of PPE other than hearing protection or a hard hat, they must be escorted out of the area as quickly as possible.
4.6.1. Bump Caps: Bump caps may be provided to guests and tour groups; however,
they should only be considered as souvenirs and are not adequate head protection against impact, compression or electrical hazards. If the occasion arises where they are exposed to a hazardous condition that requires the use of head protection they must be escorted out of the area as quickly as possible.
4.7. Technical Tour Groups: Technical tours are tours for those groups that have a vested
interest in the technical aspects of ML&P operations. Examples include tour groups comprised from students enrolled in post secondary education in engineering, safety, other utility related fields, Alaska Vocational Education Center students, employee groups visiting from other utilities, apprenticeship program personnel and engineering interns.
4.7.1. Minimum PPE: As dictated by the purpose of their visit, technical tours may have limited exposure to hazardous conditions that require the use of PPE. In such cases,
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proper PPE must be provided to the technical tour group. Under no circumstances should technical tour groups be exposed to highly hazardous or dangerous conditions where the possibility of loss of life or permanent disability is possible.
4.7.2. PPE Matrix: The matrix listed below should be used as a guide in selecting proper PPE for technical tour groups:
Table 4-1
PPE Matrix For Technical Tour Groups
HAZARD
PPE REQUIRED
Falling or flying objects, bumping head against a fixed object electrical shock or burns.
Hard Hat meeting requirements outlined in Section 4 of this manual
Flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, corrosives, caustics, chemical gases, vapors, potentially injurious light radiation or in an area where any of these listed hazards are present. Additionally, whenever work is being done above eye level the potential for injury from falling debris exists.
Eye and Face protection meeting the requirements outlined in Section 4 of this manual
Impact, compression, electrical shock, molten metal, liquid chemicals, corrosives, caustics, whenever work is being done above eye level the potential for injury from falling debris exists.
Foot Protection meeting the requirements outlined in Section 4 of this manual
High noise levels (Areas marked as noise hazard area)
Hearing Protection meeting the requirements outlined in Section 4 of this manual
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4.8. Head Protection:
Hard Hat Classifications: Hard hats are divided into types and classes by ANSI based upon intended use. The only approved hardhat for use by ML&P’s employees and visitors to ML&P’s facilities or work locations are “Class E’ for high voltage exposure, “Class G” for limited use where no potential of exposure to high voltage exists or combined “Class E” and “Class G”. Each class is further described below:
Class E: Provides protection from physical impact and high voltage shock up to
twenty-thousand (20,000) volts. Class E is the only class of hardhat approved for use by ML&P’s employees and for other persons requiring head protection that are contracting with ML&P.
Class G: Provides protection from physical impact and limited voltage protection up to twenty-two-hundred (2,200) volts. Class G is approved for limited use and not where the user could potentially be exposed to high voltage.
Bump Cap: Lightweight headgear called a “Bump Cap” is not recognized by Federal Regulations nor are they given a classification by ANSI. “Bump Caps” are not approved for use by employees.
4.8.1.1. Labeling: Hard hat labeling is located on the inside of the shell. If the labeling is missing or illegible, discard the hard hat and replace with an approved hard hat. Note that a hard hat labeled for combined “Class E” and “Class G” is also approved for use.
4.8.2. General Information: All hardhats purchased and used by ML&P will meet the
ANSI Z89.1-1997 standard. Requirements for headgear apply to all employees, visitors and contractors. Contractors are responsible for providing their employees with proper head protection.
4.8.2.1. Exempted Facilities: Facilities or locations within facilities exempted from these requirements are office buildings and office areas, break rooms, bathrooms, maintenance shops (except when using overhead crane), vehicle shops (except when using overhead crane) and parking areas unless a specific head injury hazard is present.
4.8.2.2. Generation Facilities: In generation facilities, hard hats are not required in the machine shop (except when using overhead crane), water treatment lab, offices, break rooms, bathrooms, control room or training rooms unless a specific head injury hazard is present.
4.8.2.3. Exceptions: When the potential exists that the use of hard hats could create additional hazards, the hard hat should not be worn but shall be immediately available for use after completing the task. Examples are welding or cutting operations requiring a hood or entry into a tight area.
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4.8.2.4. Liner Requirements: Hard hats may be fitted with cold weather liners for use during winter months. Employees must use only ML&P provided liners in order to insure the material is Flame Resistant (FR). Care must be taken in installing the liner so the required space between the shell and suspension system is not taken up with the liner.
4.8.3. Applications: Hard hats are required to be worn in the following areas:
Power plants Outdoor switch yard at power plants Equipment storage yards Switchyards and substations Overhead and underground line work Tree trimming operations Vehicle Maintenance Shop (worn when overhead crane is in use) Transformer Shop (worn when overhead crane is in use) Warehouses (worn when overhead operations are taking place) Anytime overhead crane and rigging work is in progress Any location where a specific overhead, electrical or other hazards could cause
head injury
4.8.3.1. Other Applications: Head protection shall also be worn whenever employees are working in areas where there is a potential for injury from falling or flying objects, bumping the head against a fixed object, electrical shock or burns.
4.8.3.2. Supervisor’s Directive: In addition to the listed applications, head protection will be worn when directed by a foreman or supervisor.
4.8.4. Condition and Care: Inspect head protection prior to use. Remove the hardhat or welding hood immediately from service and replace if any of the following defects are identified:
Suspension system shows signs of deterioration including cracking, tearing or
fraying Suspension system fails to hold shell between one (1) to one and one-fourth
(1¼) inches from wearer’s head Brim or shell is cracked, perforated or deformed Brim or shell shows signs of exposure to heat, chemicals, ultraviolet light or
radiation. Such signs include loss of surface gloss, chalking or flaking (indicates advance deterioration)
Head protection that has withstood an impact or penetration Head protection that no longer securely retains lenses, straps, face shields or
other such equipment
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4.8.4.1. Storage: Do not store head protection in vehicles where it can be exposed to excess sunlight UV radiation, accelerating deterioration of the shell.
4.8.4.2. Replacement Intervals: For hard hats used on a regular basis (typically daily), the suspension system should be replaced every twelve (12) months and the shell every five (5) years of usage. If a hard hat is regularly exposed to extreme heat, replace the shell every two (2) to three (3) years. Hard hats are stamped with the date of manufacture on the inside of the shell and that date will be used to determine the date for retiring it.
4.8.4.3. Prohibited Alterations: Do not alter headgear in any way that compromises its performance. Examples of prohibited alterations include painting, drilling or cutting. Limit the number of decals on the shell as they may obscure evidence of possible deterioration or damage.
4.8.4.4. Cleaning: Clean with only mild soap and water using non-abrasive scrubbing. Do not clean with solvents or thinners since these chemicals may react with the material of the shell or suspension system.
4.8.4.5. Prohibited Use: Do not use the space between the shell and suspension system to store items.
4.9. Eye and Face Protection: There are four main types of eye protection devices defined
by ANSI Standard Z87.1 and approved for use by ML&P’s employees. Spectacles refer to eyeglasses with metal or plastic frames and fitted with either
corrective lenses or non-prescription lenses. To be used for eye protection, spectacles must have side shields or wrap around lenses to protect against particles that might enter the eyes from the side.
Goggles can provide additional safety when worn over spectacles because they enclose the eyes, eye sockets and a portion of the face. General use goggles offer protection from impact, dust and chemical splashes. Some specialty goggles exist for specific hazards such as chemicals.
Hard Goggles have lenses that protect against sparks, harmful rays, molten metal and flying particles generated during acetylene burning, cutting or welding.
Welding Hoods are specialty equipment that protect the eyes as well as the entire face from intense light, sparks, metal spatter and slag chips during welding operations.
4.9.1. Face Shields: Face shields are designed to offer facial protection but are not a substitute for eye protection devices. Face shields may be worn in conjunction with approved eye protection to enhance protection from impact, chemical or biological hazards. They may be constructed to fit directly onto the head or attach to hardhats.
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4.9.2. General Information. Eye protection requirements apply to all employees, visitors and contractors. Contractors are responsible for providing their employees with proper eye protection devices.
4.9.2.1. Exempt Facilities: Facilities exempt from the requirement for safety glasses are office buildings, warehouses, administrative areas and break rooms in all facilities, parking areas, control rooms, dispatch centers, training rooms, bathrooms and radio shops unless a specific eye injury hazard is present.
4.9.2.2. Employer Provided: In accordance with ML&P’s collective bargaining agreement, prescription safety glasses will also be purchased or provided for employees by ML&P.
4.9.3. Applications: Safety glasses meeting ANSI Standard Z87.1 with side shields or wrap-around lenses are required in the following areas (except as noted under the General Information Section of this procedure):
Power plants Outdoor switch yard areas at power plants Switchyards and substations Overhead and underground line work Electrical maintenance Vehicle maintenance Transformer Shop Soldering Tree trimming operations Auxiliary industrial structures Maintenance shops Control room whenever work involves energized or pressurized equipment Within ten (10) feet of where work requiring goggles or face shields is ongoing Any location where a specific eye hazard is present
4.9.3.1. Other Applications: Eye and face protection shall also be worn whenever employees are exposed to flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, corrosives, caustics, chemical gases, vapors or potentially hazardous light radiation. Whenever a task is above eye level and the worker must look up into the area being worked on eye protection is required.
4.9.3.2. Supervisor’s Directive: In addition to the above listed applications, eye protection shall also be worn whenever directed by a foreman or supervisor.
4.9.3.3. Determination: Determination of the proper eye protection for various work operations and tasks is available in the table titled, “Eye and Face Protector Selection Guide” issued by OSHA and attached to this procedure.
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4.9.3.4. Selection: Selection of lenses for use with welding, arc cutting, brazing and soldering is contained in the table titled “Filter Lens Shade Numbers for Protection Against Radiant Energy” issued by OSHA and attached to this procedure. Glass for lenses shall be tempered, free from visual flaws and bear some permanent marking by which the source and shade may be identified. Lenses must meet ANSI Z87.1 (Standard Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection).
4.9.3.5. Reference Tables: Tables 4-2 and 4-3 are provided as separate pages so they can be copied and used as reference guides.
4.9.4. Condition and Care: Maintain eye protection in a clean, undamaged condition. Inspect before each use, looking for loose or damaged parts and dirty or heavily scratched lenses. Either repair or clean eye protection as needed or procure a new pair if beyond repair. Be especially aware of lenses that obstruct vision and create a safety hazard. All equipment found to be defective will be immediately removed from service.
4.9.4.1. Cleaning Intervals: Periodically clean safety glasses and goggles according to the manufacturers’ instructions or by disassembling, washing in soap and warm water, rinsing off soap residue and drying.
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Table 4-2 Eye And Face Protector Selection Guide
OPERATION HAZARDS PREFERRED PROTECTION
Acetylene-Burning Acetylene-Cutting Acetylene-Welding
Sparks, harmful rays molten metal and flying particles
7, 8, 9
Chemical Handling Splash, acid burns and fumes 2, 10 (for severe exposure, add 10 over 2)
Chipping Flying particles 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7A, 8A Electric (arc) welding Sparks, intense rays and molten
metal 9, 11 (11 in combination with 4, 5, 6, in tinted lenses advisable)
Grinding-Light Flying particles 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10 Grinding-Heavy Flying particles 1, 3, 7A, 8A (for severe exposure,
add 10) Laboratory Chemical splash and glass
breakage 2 (10 when in combination with 4, 5, 6)
Machining Flying particles 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10 Spot welding Flying particles and sparks 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10
Abbreviation Key for Types of Preferred Protection:
1. GOGGLES, Flexible Fitting – Regular Ventilation 2. GOGGLES, Flexible Fitting – Hooded Ventilation 3. GOGGLES, Cushioned Fitting – Rigid Body 4. SPECTACLES, Metal Frame with Sideshields 5. SPECTACLES, Plastic Frame with Sideshields 6. SPECTACLES, Metal-Plastic Frame with Sideshields 7. WELDING GOGGLES, Eyecup Type – Tinted Lenses (See note below) 7A. CHIPPING GOGGLES, Eyecup Type – Clear Safety Lenses 8. WELDING GOGGLES, Coverspec Type – Tinted Lenses (See note below) 8A. CHIPPING GOGGLES, Coverspec Type – Clear Safety Lenses 9. WELDING GOGGLES, Coverspec Type – Tinted Plate Lens (See note below) 10. FACE SHIELD (Available with Plastic or Mesh Window) 11. WELDING HELMETS (See note below) Note: See Table 4-3 for Filter Lens Shade Numbers for Protection Against Radiant Energy Applications.
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Table 4-3 Filter Lens Shade Numbers For Protection Against Radiant Energy Applications
OPERATION
ELECTRODE SIZE
1/32 inch (0.8 mm)
ARC CURRENT
MINIMUM PROTECTIVE SHADE
(See Note 1)
Shielded metal arc welding
Less than 3 3 – 5 5 – 8
More than 8
Less than 60 60 – 160 160 – 250 250 – 550
7 8 10 11
Gas metal arc welding and flux cored arc welding
Less than 60 60 – 500
7 10
Gas tungsten arc welding
Less than 50 50 – 150 150 – 500
8 8 10
Arc carbon, Arc cutting
Light Heavy
Less than 500
500 – 1000
10 11
Plasma arc welding Less than 20 20 – 100 100 – 400 400 – 800
6 8 10 11
Plasma arc cutting Light (See Note 2)
Medium (See Note 2) Heavy (See Note 2)
Less than 300
300 – 400 400 – 800
8 9 10
Torch brazing Torch soldering Carbon arc welding
3 2 14
OPERATION PLATE
THICKNESS – Inches
PLATE THICKNESS –
mm
MINIMUM PROTECTIVE SHADE
(See Note 1) Gas welding
Light Medium
Heavy
Under 1/8 1/8 – ½ Over ½
Under 3.2 3.2 – 12.7 Over 12.7
4 5 6
Oxygen cutting Light
Medium Heavy
Under 1
1 – 6 Over 6
Under 25 25 – 150 Over 150
3 4 5
Notes: 1. Always start with a shade that is too dark to see the weld zone. Then go to a lighter
shade which gives sufficient view of the weld zone without going below the
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minimum required protection. In oxy-fuel gas welding or cutting where the torch produces a high yellow light, it is desirable to use a filter lens that absorbs the yellow or sodium line in the visible light.
2. These values apply where the actual arc is clearly seen. Experience has shown that lighter filters may be used when the arc is hidden by the work piece.
4.10. Hearing Protection. There are three types of approved hearing protectors. Cotton is not
acceptable for hearing protection. Single-use earplugs are made of foam and are formable. When properly inserted, these
plugs can work as well or better than most molded earplugs. Preformed or molded earplugs can be single-use and disposable or multiple-use.
Multiple-use plugs must be cleaned after each use. The multiple use plugs are individually fitted by a professional to ensure proper fit.
Earmuffs require a perfect seal around the ear. Precautions must be taken to ensure glasses, long hair or sideburns and a facial movement such as chewing does not reduce the protective value of earmuffs.
4.10.1. Application: Areas requiring “hearing protection” are posted and have a supply of single-use earplugs available. Requirements for hearing protection apply to all employees, visitors and contractors. Contractors are responsible for providing their employees with proper hearing protection. A manufacturer uses a dB rating to indicate a hearing device’s ability to reduce noise. Since these ratings are based on ideal laboratory conditions, it is recommended that the rating be reduced by the following values to determine a hearing protector’s effectiveness.
Earmuffs Multiply NRR by 75% Formable earplugs Multiply NRR by 50% Other types Multiply NRR by 30%
4.10.1.1. Required Areas: Hearing protection is required in all posted known hazardous noise areas. Use hearing protection in any location where a specific noise hazard is present such as pneumatic tools, grinders, portable engines, heavy equipment operation and other such noise sources.
4.10.1.2. Supervisor’s Directive: In addition to the listed applications, hearing protection shall also be used whenever directed by a foreman or supervisor.
4.10.1.3. Rule-of-Thumb: In the absence of posted or verbal directions, the rule of thumb concerning noise level is as follows: If normal conversation can be heard from two (2) feet away, the level is likely to be less than ninety (90) dB. This level can be tolerated for approximately eight (8) hours by unprotected ears without experiencing hearing damage. It is highly recommended for any exposure greater than eighty-five (85) dB that hearing protection be used. The use of hearing protection by all employees exposed to noise levels in excess ninety (90) dB is mandatory. See Table 3-2 for noise levels and exposure durations.
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4.10.2. Condition and Care: Discard single-use earplugs after insertion and subsequent removal when no longer needed. Inspect multiple-use plugs and earmuffs daily for damage or wear that could compromise their effectiveness. Clean with a damp cloth or soap and water as appropriate. Immediately remove and dispose of any damaged or non-usable equipment.
4.11. Hand Protection / General / Chemical: There are three (3) principle types of gloves
described as follows:
Metal Mesh, Leather or Synthetic Gloves provide protection against cuts, burns and sustained blows. Since leather gloves protect against sparks, moderate heat, blows, chips and rough objects, they are particularly suited for welding work. Aluminized gloves typically are used for welding due to their heat reflective and insulating properties. They require an insert made of synthetic materials that protect against aluminum’s high thermal conductivity. Synthetic gloves offer protection against heat and cold, are cut and abrasion resistant and may withstand some diluted acids. They do not tolerate alkalis and solvents.
Fabric and Coated Fabric Gloves protect against dirt, slivers, chafing and abrasion. They are not sufficient for use with rough, sharp or heavy material. Coated fabric gloves are normally cotton fabric with nap on the backside and plastic coated on the palm side to provide slip resistance. These gloves are used for tasks ranging from handling bricks and wire rope to chemical containers in laboratory operations.
Chemical and Liquid Resistant Gloves are made of rubber (latex, nitrile, or butyl), plastic or synthetic rubber-like material such as neoprene. They protect against burns, irritation and dermatitis caused from contact with oils, greases, solvents and other chemicals. Rubber gloves also reduce the risk of exposure to pathogens from contact with bodily fluids. When selecting gloves to protect against hazardous chemical exposure, use the manufacturer’s literature to determine effectiveness for the chemical and conditions in the workplace. Four (4) common types of rubber glove material are described below:
Butyl rubber: These gloves protect against nitric acid, sulfuric acid,
hydrofluoric acid, red fuming nitric acid, rocket fuels and peroxide. Highly impermeable to gases, chemicals and water vapor, they resist abrasion and remain flexible at low temperatures.
Natural latex or rubber: These gloves are comfortable to wear. Their pliability and protective qualities makes them a popular general-purpose glove. In addition to resisting abrasions caused by sandblasting, grinding, and polishing, these gloves protect workers’ hands from most water solutions of acids, alkalis, salts and ketones. When selecting hand protection, be aware that latex gloves have caused allergic reactions in some individuals and thus may not be appropriate for everyone. Hypoallergenic gloves, glove liners and powderless gloves are possible alternatives for individuals who are allergic to latex gloves.
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Neoprene (synthetic rubber): These gloves have good pliability, finger
dexterity, high density and tear resistance that protect against hydraulic fluids, gasoline, alcohol, organic acids and alkalis.
Nitrile Rubber: These gloves provide protection from chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene. Although intended for jobs requiring dexterity and sensitivity, nitrile gloves stand up to heavy use even after prolonged exposure to substances that cause other gloves to deteriorate. In addition, nitrile gloves resist abrasions, punctures, snags and tears.
4.11.1. Application: In addition to the above listed applications, gloves shall also be worn whenever directed by a foreman or supervisor.
General Use: When an employee’s hands are exposed to hazards such as those from
severe cuts, lacerations, punctures, abrasions or harmful temperature extremes, appropriate hand protection will be used. Selection of appropriate hand protection will be based upon the characteristics required relative to the task to be performed, dexterity required, conditions present, duration of use, frequency, physical stresses, limitations of the protective clothing and degree of exposure to identified hazards. Requirements for hand protection apply to all employees, visitors and contractors. Contractors are responsible for providing their employees with proper hand protection.
Handling Chemicals: Table 4-4 (“Chemical Glove Selection Guide”) provides guidance on the proper gloves to use with various chemicals. If a chemical is not listed in the table, contact your supervisor or the safety office for assistance in determining the correct choice.
4.11.2. Condition and Care: Use care in inspecting gloves for chemical handling. Inspect them for physical damage by trapping air inside. Be careful while handling the gloves to make sure you do not come in contact with residual chemicals on the gloves. Discard gloves that are damaged or worn. Do not attempt to repair or clean them. Maintain all equipment in a sanitary and reliable condition at all times.
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Table 4-4
Chemical Glove Selection Guide Chemical Neoprene Latex or Rubber Butyl Rubber Nitrile Latex Gloves Gloves Gloves Gloves Acetaldehyde* VG G VG G Acetic Acid VG VG VG VG Acetone G VG VG P Ammonium Hydroxide VG VG VG VG Amy Acetate* F P F P Aniline G F F P Benzaldehyde* F F G G Benzene* P P P F Butyl Acetate G F F P Butyl Alcohol VG VG VG VG Carbon Disulfide F F F F Carbon Tetrachloride* F P P G Castor Oil F P F VG Chlorobenzene* F P F P Chloroform* G P P F Chloronaphthalene F P F F Chromic Acid (50%) F P F F Citric Acid (10%) VG VG VG VG Cyclohexanol G F G VG Dibutyl Phthalate* G P G G Diesel Fuel G P P VG Diisobutyl Ketone P F G P Dimethylformamide F F G G Dioctyl Phthalate G P F VG Dioxane VG G G G Epoxy Resins, Dry VG VG VG VG Ethyl Acetate* G F G F Ethyl Alcohol VG VG VG VG Ethyl Ether* VG G VG G Ethylene Dichloride* F P F P Ethylene Glycol VG VG VG VG
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Chemical Neoprene Latex or Rubber Butyl Rubber Nitrile Latex Gloves Gloves Gloves Gloves
Formaldehyde VG VG VG VG Formic Acid VG VG VG VG Freon 11 G P F G Freon 12 G P F G Freon 21 G P F G Freon 22 G P F G Furfural* G G G G Gasoline, Leaded G P F VG Gasoline, Unleaded G P F VG Glycerin VG VG VG VG Hexane F P P G Hydrazine (65%) F G G G Hydrochloric Acid VG G G G Hydrofluoric Acid (48%) VG G G G Hydrogen Peroxide (30%) G G G G Hydroquinone G G G F Isooctane F P P VG Kerosene VG F F VG Ketones V VG VG P Lacquer Thinners V F F P Lactic Acid (85%) VG VG VG VG Lauric Acid (36%) VG F VG VG Lineolic Acid VG P F G Linseed Oil VG P F VG Maleic Acid VG VG VG VG Methyl Alcohol VG VG VG VG Methylamine F F G G Methyl Bromide G F G F Methyl Chloride* P P P P Methyl Ethyl Ketone*G G VG P
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Chemical Neoprene Latex or Rubber Butyl Rubber Nitrile Latex Gloves Gloves Gloves Gloves Methyl Isobutyl Ketone* F F VG P Methyl MetharcrylateG G VG F Monoethanolamine VG G VG VG Morpholine VG VG VG G Naphthalene G F F G Napthas, Alaphatic VG F F VG Naphthas, Aromatic G P P G Nitric Acid* G F F F Nitric Acid, Red and White P P P P Fuming Nitromethane (95.5%)* F P F F Nitropropane (95.5%)* F P F F Octyl Alcohol VG VG VG VG Oleic Acid VG F G VG Oxalic Acid VG VG VG VG Palmitic Acid VG VG VG VG Perchloric Acid (60%) VG F G G Perchloroethylene F P P G Petroleum Distillates G P P VG (Naphtha) Phenol VG F G F Phosphoric Acid VG G VG VG Potassium HydroxideVG VG VG VG Propyl Acetate G F G F Propyl Alcohol VG VG VG VG Propyl Alcohol (iso) VG VG VG VG Sodium Hydroxide VG VG VG VG Styrene P P P F Styrene (100%) P P P F Sulfuric Acid G G G G
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Chemical Neoprene Latex or Rubber Butyl Rubber Nitrile Latex Gloves Gloves Gloves Gloves Tannic Acid (65) VG VG VG VG Tetrahydrofuran P F F F Toluene* F P P F Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) F G G F Trichlomethylene* F F P G Triethanolamine (85%) VG G G VG Tung Oil VG P F VG Turpentine G F F VG Xylene* P P P F
Source: OSH Technical Reference Manual, U.S. Department of Energy * Limited Service. VG = Very Good; G = Good; F = Fair; P = Poor (not recommended).
4.12. Hand Protection (Electrical): Rubber Gloves used for protection against electrical
potentials or hazards are made with long cuffs and are rated for different voltages. These high voltage gloves are made to resist oxygen, ozone and corona cracking. Gauntlet style outer leather gloves protect insulating gloves (rubber gloves) from cuts, abrasion, grease, punctures and other factors that could compromise them.
Electrical rubber gloves are manufactured in the following classification ratings. Voltages are considered to be phase-to-phase unless all conductors except the conductor being worked on are insulated or isolated to prevent physical contact with energized parts. In that case of insulation or isolation, phase-to-ground voltage will determine maximum use voltage.
Table 4-5
Rubber Glove Class/Voltage
CLASS RATED MAXIMUM AC
VOLTAGE 00 500 0 1000 1 7500 2 17,000 3 26,500 4 36,000
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Per Alaska State Statute 8AAC 61.1160, no employee is allowed to perform rubber glove work on energized lines of 5,000 volts or greater measured from phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground. Per Alaska State Statute, no employee is allowed to perform live-line bare-hand work on overhead lines.
4.12.1. Responsibilities:
4.12.1.1. Operations Division Responsibilities: The Operations Division, Technical Services Section (TSS) will:
Order all rubber gloves required for ML&P. Check-in, wash and complete preliminary inspection of all rubber gloves for
ML&P. Establish electrical testing procedure for rubber gloves in accordance with the
American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM) D 120 most recent revision and OSHA 29 CFR Part 190.137.
Maintain a record-keeping system for the testing of ML&P’s rubber gloves. Establish a schedule to ensure that all rubber gloves which have been issued to
an employee shall be electrically tested or exchanged at ninety (90)-day intervals or sooner if required.
Maintain the rubber glove inventory for ML&P. Conduct and document an annual self-inspection of record keeping, exchange
procedures and testing to insure the objectives of this procedure are met.
4.12.1.2. Generation Division Responsibilities: The Generation Division superintendents or their designated representatives will do the following:
Submit their annual rubber glove requirements to the TSS Issue and coordinate rubber glove exchanges and electrical testing with the TSS. Insure proper storage of spare gloves. Coordinate rubber glove electrical testing with the TSS. Maintain a record-keeping system for the Generation Division to account for the
gloves. Conduct and document a semi-annual self-inspection of record-keeping and
rubber glove exchanges to insure that the objectives of this procedure are met. Establish a schedule to insure rubber gloves which have been issued to an
employee shall be exchanged at ninety (90)-day intervals or sooner if required. Insure all personnel using rubber gloves receive training annually.
4.12.1.3. Affected Employees: All affected ML&P employees will:
Use rubber glove protectors (the leather outer gloves) only for the purpose intended and they shall be maintained in good condition.
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Neither wear rubber glove protectors without rubber gloves at any time nor shall they be modified for use as regular work gloves.
Not use protector gloves if they have holes, tears or other defects that affect their ability to give mechanical protection to the insulating gloves from oils, greases, chemicals and other materials that may injure the insulating gloves.
Ensure the protector glove is sized so that the insulating glove does not deform from its natural shape.
Ensure the minimum distance between protector gauntlet and cuff of rubber glove is as follows:
Table 4-6
Gauntlet & Cuff Distance
Minimum Distance Between Protective Gauntlet & Cuff Of Rubber Glove
Glove Class Distance (Inches) 0 1 1 1 2 2
Ensure rubber gloves are given an air test and inspected inside and outside for
cuts, weak spots, corona cracks or other damage, at least once daily while in use, at the beginning of the work period or anytime possible damage is suspected
Ensure rubber gloves are exchanged at any time they become damaged or the employee to whom they are assigned becomes suspicious of them
Ensure rubber gloves are never worn inside out or without leather protectors. Ensure rubber gloves are stored in glove bags with the cuffs down and the bag
shall be free of other objects. Rubber gloves shall not be folded. Cloth gloves may be worn inside of insulating gloves for added warmth in cold
weather and to absorb perspiration in hot weather. Ensure that if rubber gloves become contaminated with petroleum products,
they are exchanged immediately. The TSS will clean, re-test and re-date the rubber gloves.
Ensure rubber gloves are exchanged or submitted for electrical testing at ninety (90)-day intervals, or sooner if required.
Ensure that rubber gloves, when not in use, are kept in canvas bags and stored where they will not become damaged from sharp objects or exposed to direct sunlight (UV radiation).
Ensure that only rubber gloves furnished by the company are used. Ensure that gloves are stored in a location as cool, dark and dry as possible.
The location shall be as free as practicable from ozone, chemicals, oils, solvents, damaging vapors and fumes, electrical discharges and sunlight. Gloves shall be stored in their natural shape. Gloves may be kept inside of protectors or in a bag, box or container that is designed for and used exclusively
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Ensure rubber gloves are powdered with unscented talc when they become wet with perspiration.
Ensure that rubber gloves and leather outer protectors that have been previously rejected are defaced, cut or otherwise marked. Rubber gloves and leather outer protectors that have been rejected will not be utilized for any other purpose on ML&P property.
4.12.2. Application: ML&P provides voltage rated gloves including leather gauntlets (outer protectors) for protecting the rubber gloves. Wear Class 2 rubber gloves with leather outer protectors when the following conditions apply:
When performing work on lines or equipment energized from six-hundred (600)
to five-thousand (5,000) volts. When investigating line or equipment trouble where circumstances are unknown
and where the possibility of contact exists with conductors or possible sources of potential above six-hundred (600) volts including conducting fixtures or surfaces associated with wet or stormy weather.
When pulling in wires or handling other conducting materials near circuits, apparatus or equipment which is or may become energized above six-hundred (600) volts.
While working on the neutral of an energized or de-energized circuit above six-hundred (600) volts unless the circuit has been grounded.
When handling or operating any remote mechanical switching device including the security system (such as vacuum, oil, SF6 switches, etc.).
When operating mechanized equipment where such equipment may make contact with energized lines whether or not cant hooks, peaveys or slings are used.
When removing animals, kites, vines, weeds, grass or vegetation of any kind that has grown into an energized pad-mount transformer and/or switch cabinet, whether the equipment is opened or closed and/or from any overhead circuit below five-thousand (5,000) volts.
When using booms or winch lines to install or remove poles or equipment where contact may be made with energized conductors or equipment.
At any time the employee deems necessary or as required by the supervisor.
4.12.2.1. Class Zero (0) Gloves: Employees using Class “0” rubber electrical gloves shall adhere to the following:
Low voltage rubber gloves (Class “0”) are made available for use on control,
lighting and power circuits up to six-hundred (600) volts.
Use of low voltage rubber gloves (Class “0”) on or in close proximity to energized primary conductors and equipment energized at voltages above six-hundred (600) volts is prohibited.
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4.12.2.2. Prohibited Use: When circuits or equipment are energized where voltages between any two conductors are at five (5) Kv or greater, and work is to be performed on the same, rubber gloves, used exclusively for insulation or isolation purpose, are prohibited. See Alaska State Statute 8AAC 61.1160. The following insulation or isolation methods are required on voltages at five (5) Kv or greater.
Hot sticks shall be used. Use only hot sticks to make contact with protective devices installed on energized
primary conductors. Use approved supplementary insulation such as aerial baskets, a lineman's
platform (“baker board”) or other approved insulating devices to ensure isolation from all grounds to the greatest extent possible.
Two or more employees working on the same structure shall only work on or contact the same conductor at one time.
4.12.3. Electrical Testing and Record Keeping:
4.12.3.1. Testing & Issue: Gloves that have been electrically tested but not issued for service may be placed in storage for a period of twelve (12) months. The gloves may be issued for use any time within twelve (12) months of the test date. For example, rubber gloves test dated January 2, 2004 may be issued any time until December 31, 2004. The ninety (90)-day period of use does not begin until the gloves are issued. 4.12.3.2. Record Keeping: Record-keeping and marking shall consist of at least the following:
Record-Keeping:
Date Rubber Gloves Received by ML&P Rubber Glove Cost
Rubber Gloves Serial # Electrical Test Date Issue Date Return Date Employees Possessing Rubber Gloves Date Glove Destroyed Any other Pertinent Information Deemed Necessary by Division
Marking: Type and Class Size Test Date
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4.13. Foot Protection: Foot protection safety principally pertains to methods of protection for crush and impact resistance, electrical insulation, slip resistance and thermal insulation. Types of shoe construction are discussed here as well as additional equipment which can offer added foot and leg protection. Condition inspection, directions and care instructions are also presented.
4.13.1. Types of Foot Protection: There are five types of basic shoe construction used for protection from different hazards. The standard used by shoe manufacturers for design and fabrication of protective footwear is ANSI Standard Z41.
4.13.1.1. Safety Shoes: Safety Shoes are constructed with protective toecaps that meet the crush test criteria contained in ANSI Z41. Within this standard, Class 75 calls for safety shoes to withstand seventy-five (75) foot-pounds of impact and twenty-five-hundred (2,500) pounds of compressive load. Shoes meeting Class 75 criteria are labeled I/75 and C/75. Class 50 shoes withstand fifty (50) foot-pounds of impact, seventeen-hundred-fifty (1,750) pounds of compression and are labeled I/50 and C/50. Class 30 shoes are designed to take up to thirty (30) foot-pounds of impact, one-thousand (1,000) pounds of compression and are labeled I/30 and C/30. Safety shoes are available in a wide variety of styles from standard work boots to athletic shoes. No matter what other attributes protective footwear has such as dielectric properties, it must also have protective toecap construction in order to meet ANSI Z41. Safety shoes are for general industrial use to protect feet and ankles from flying or falling objects, abrasion and punctures.
Rubber or plastic boots are intended to be water, chemical or other liquid
resistant. They can be from ankle to hip high. They offer protection from splashes and from immersion in the particular liquid. This style of footwear is not addressed by ANSI Z41 or by other standards.
Thermal insulating footwear includes both shoes and “pacs”. Shoes have the insulation integrated into the basic design. “Pacs” have an outer shell of leather or synthetic materials and inner liners of wool, synthetic foam, nylon fleece or other materials. Both styles can be equipped with protective toe caps without compromising the thermal quality of the footwear. Either style is intended for cold weather use to prevent frostbite and frozen toes.
Electrical hazard or electrical insulating (Class EH) non-conducting footwear is designed to prevent flow of current through the wearer’s body by electrically insulating the heel and sole of the shoe. This footwear is designed to provide protection against circuit levels up to six-hundred (600) volts in dry conditions. This footwear can be constructed with protective toe caps for impact and crush protection while not compromising the electrical insulating properties.
In addition to these basic shoes, there are other enhancements available to increase protection and provide added benefits to users. Slip resistant soles are an option to give better traction. Clip-on traction devices can be used to further improve a shoe’s
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traction, especially on ice and snow. Various styles of leggings can be worn for protection from physical and chemical hazards. Metatarsal guards that augment protective toe caps by protecting the entire top of the foot can be built into the shoe during manufacture or supplied as separate, removable shields worn on the outside of it. The separate shields are not adequate for meeting the requirements of ANSI Z41.
4.13.2. General Information: Choice of foot protection is determined by identifying the appropriate shoe for the given hazard. The four (4) most common hazards encountered by employees are impact or crushing, electrical shock, slips and freezing. It is mandatory that protective footwear includes toe protection and ankle protection. Shoes should be selected with sufficient height and support to adequately protect the ankle from twisting injuries. Requirements for foot protection apply to all employees, visitors and contractors. Contractors are responsible for providing their employees with proper foot protection.
4.13.2.1. Safety Footwear: Footwear (Safety Shoes) constructed in accordance with ANSI Z41 PT91 or PT99 rated with I/75, C/75 and EH specifications are approved for use. The approved footwear will have a permanent label affixed by the manufacturer indicating the footwear meets the ANSI I/75, C/75 and EH rating. The footwear must provide ankle support. No loafer or tennis shoe styles may be worn.
4.13.2.2. Correct Sizing: Make sure footwear is correctly sized for you. Oversized footwear can cause sores and contribute to trips or slips. Undersized footwear can also cause sores and increase the likelihood of freezing toes in cold weather by restricting circulation to the feet.
NOTE: When exposed to cold temperatures and foot crushing hazards, if cold weather footwear which also provides crushing protection is unavailable, then employees should wear footwear that protects against frostbite (the greatest hazard). 4.13.3. Application: Approved footwear shall have Class I/75, C/75, and Class EH designations.
4.13.3.1. Di-electric Safety Shoes: Di-electric (non-conducting) safety toe shoes (Class I/75, C/75 and EH) are required at all times in the following areas:
Power plants Outdoor switch yard areas at power plants Equipment storage yards Substations Overhead and underground line work Tree trimming operations Auxiliary industrial structures Warehouses Vehicle shops Transformer Shop
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Maintenance shops
4.13.3.2. Required Locations: Non-conducting safety toe shoes are also required in any other locations where a specific foot injury hazard is present.
4.13.3.3. Activities Requiring Protective Footwear: Following is a typical but not all inclusive list of activities requiring appropriate footwear:
Working with harmful corrosive substances and processes such as acids or
caustics Material handling or other tasks having a probability of a crushing foot injury Performing regular assembly or disassembly of heavy equipment and system
components Operating electric, gasoline, hydraulic and pneumatic power tools Operating or working around mobile equipment such as trenchers, backhoes,
bucket trucks, etc. Using lifting devises such as cranes, hoists, forklifts, etc. Tree trimming operations Working in abnormally wet conditions Working in extreme cold
4.13.3.4. Exempt Areas: Facilities and areas exempt from the requirement for safety shoes are office buildings, administrative areas and break rooms, parking areas, control rooms, and bathrooms unless a specific foot injury hazard is present.
4.13.3.5. Traction Aids: The use of traction aids during winter months is highly encouraged unless their use would create a greater hazard then the icy conditions present. Either removable ice grips or heel cleats should be used when walking on snowy or icy surfaces that present an increased risk of slips and falls. Heel cleats should be removed immediately before walking on a surface that could be damaged by them or a surface so hard and impenetrable (concrete or steel, etc) that it is hazardous to walk on with the cleats. Toe grips, as opposed to heel cleats, may be worn for short periods on hard surfaces but should be removed as soon as practical to prevent damage to the floor and possible tripping or slipping hazards. In the case of wood, vinyl or similar surfaces, immediately remove the grips to prevent damage to flooring.
4.13.3.6. Supervisor’s Directive: In addition to the above listed applications, protective footwear shall also be worn whenever directed by a foreman or supervisor.
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4.13.4. Condition and Care: The insulating characteristics of electrical hazard safety shoes may be compromised by the following factors:
Shoe is wet Rubber sole has excessive wear Metal particles become embedded in soles or heels Other parts of wearer’s body contacts conductive, grounded items
4.13.4.1. Periodic Inspections: Safety footwear needs to be periodically inspected for
the following problems:
Scuffed, cracked or lacerated uppers Separation between sole and uppers Holes or cracks in soles or heels Worn soles and heels that degrades insulating properties and anti-slip resistance Metal embedded in the soles of electrical safety shoes Frayed or broken laces Broken or missing buckles or other types of latches
4.13.4.2. Footwear Care: Clean and condition the footwear as recommended by manufacturer’s literature. Repair or replace footwear to maintain its protective properties and usability. It is especially important to replace safety shoes that have experienced a severe impact or compression event. Though the shoe may look intact, the internal structure may be damaged to the extent that it no longer meets its label classification. During cold weather, have an extra set of liners for pacs and establish a daily rotation schedule to allow each set time to dry. It is a good practice to allow all footwear time to dry and air out during off shift hours.
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4.14. Protective Clothing: This section pertains to types and uses of protective clothing, especially with reference to electric arc or flame hazards. A description of the properties of some of the different materials used to make the clothing and types of clothing with their uses are also described. Instructions for care of supplied jackets are also included.
4.14.1. General Information: Employees are provided with Flame Resistant (FR) clothing comprised of shirts, pants, vests, jackets and raingear. This clothing is to be used for added protection on the job. FR clothing should be constructed from natural fibers like cotton or wool in order to insure a minimum Arc Thermal Performance Value (ATPV) of eight (8) cal/cm-squared. The use, by affected employees, of clothing made from synthetic materials such as nylon, polyester, rayon, acetate or similar man-made fibers that are flammable is prohibited. See ML&P Procedure S-299 “Arc Flash Protection for Electrical Workers” (ML&P Intranet).
4.14.1.1. Coveralls: ML&P provides coveralls for certain job classifications. This clothing must be flame resistant to the appropriate ATPV rating where required.
4.14.1.2. Aprons & Arm Protection: Acid resistant aprons, jackets and arm protectors are provided in appropriate areas of the Power Plants. Welding aprons for use by welders are also provided.
4.14.1.3. Traffic Hazard Clothing: Light reflective or fluorescent clothing including jackets and vests for use by personnel exposed to traffic hazards during times of reduced visibility is provided to affected employees.
4.14.2. Application: FR protective clothing is provided to affected employees as part of their FR clothing complement. FR protective clothing shall be worn when an employees job duties require them to work with or in close proximity to energized electrical circuits having voltage levels above 240 Vac, that are capable of arcing or as directed in ML&P Procedure S-299.
Use provided FR hardhat liners during cold temperatures and inclement weather. Acid resistant gear such as aprons are to be used when performing battery
maintenance. Welding aprons are to be used for work involving hot or molten metal.
4.14.2.1. Supervisor’s Directive: In addition to the listed applications, protective clothing shall also be worn whenever directed by a foreman or supervisor.
4.14.2.2. Traffic Hazard Clothing Requirements: Employees exposed by duty or position to traffic related hazards will wear reflective outer garments or outer garments with reflective materials sewn into them during periods of darkness or decreased visibility. These garments are provided by ML&P.
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4.14.3. Condition and Care:
Wash all PPE in accordance with manufacturers’ recommendations
Inspect other specialty clothing before each use or daily, whichever frequency rate is less. Do not use clothing or aprons that are worn thin, ripped or otherwise damaged in a manner that affects its protective properties.
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HAZARDOUS ENERGY ISOLATION (LOCK-OUT/TAG-OUT) SECTION 5
Overview: An essential safety element when working on equipment, machinery or systems is to positively control any energy release that may be hazardous to employees. The energy could include forms such as mechanical, electrical, radiant, thermal, compressed gas, kinetic or gravitational. No matter what its form, an uncontrolled release of energy can cause unexpected harm to employees in, on or around equipment. The release may be triggered by an autostart sequence, a remote control, the failure of a part, slippage between parts or an unexpected event. The goal of “Lock-Out/Tag-Out” is to institute sufficient safeguards to control potentially hazardous energy sources so employees can safely work on the equipment, machinery or system(s).
Scope: There are three (3) independent energy isolation procedures that are used to ensure a zero (0) energy isolation state for ML&P’s equipment.
SOP S-69: Energy Isolation, Tagging and Clearance Procedures for Power Generation Systems is the procedure used for “Lock-Out/Tag-Out” or energy isolation in all ML&P power generation plants. See SOP, S-69 (ML&P Intranet).
SOP S-70: Switching, Tagging and Clearance Procedures for Transmission and Distribution Systems is the procedure used for “Lock-Out/Tag-Out” or energy isolation throughout ML&P’s transmission and distribution systems. See SOP, S-70 (ML&P Intranet).
Section 5 of this manual is applicable to all general or facility maintenance activities that are not covered by SOP S-69 or S-70.
5.0. General:
5.0.1. Controlled Sources: All energy sources (electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, thermal, etc.) shall be controlled prior to working on any equipment.
5.0.2. Employee Responsibility: The employee performing the task is responsible for ensuring all energy sources are controlled prior to beginning work.
5.0.3. Unplugging Equipment: Work on electrical equipment or machinery can be performed if unplugging the equipment results in complete isolation of the equipment from all energy sources including stored energy and the electrical plug is under the exclusive control of the employee completing the work.
5.0.4. Applicability: “Lock-Out/Tag-Out” procedures are not required if equipment must be operating to allow proper adjustment. This exception may be used only by trained and authorized employees when specific procedures have been developed to safely avoid hazards associated with operating equipment. All consideration shall be made to prevent the need for an employee to break the plane of a normally guarded area of the equipment by use of tools and other devices.
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5.0.5. Lock Assignment: All qualified maintenance personnel will be assigned locksets with one key. All locksets will be uniquely keyed. In some cases, more than one lock, hasp and tag will be needed to completely de-energize equipment and machinery. Additional locksets may be checked out from the Electrical Services Section foreman or superintendent. All locksets shall be uniquely identifiable to a specific employee. Tags will be signed and dated by the authorized employee.
5.1. Preparation for “Lock-Out/Tag-Out”: A “Lock-Out/Tag-Out” survey must be conducted to locate and identify all energy sources and verify which switches or valves supply energy to machinery and equipment.
5.1.1. Tag-Out Schedule: A “Tag-Out” schedule or list must be developed for each piece of equipment and machinery as the need arises. This schedule describes the energy sources, location of disconnects, types of disconnects, special hazards and special safety procedures. The schedule must be reviewed each time to ensure employees properly “Lock-Out/Tag-Out” equipment and machinery. If a “Tag-Out” schedule does not exist for a particular piece of equipment, machinery and process, one may be developed prior to conducting a “Lock-Out/Tag-Out”. As repairs and/or renovations of existing electrical systems are made, standardized controls will be used.
5.2. General “Lock-Out/Tag-Out” Procedure: Before working on, repairing, adjusting or replacing machinery and equipment, the following procedures will be utilized to place the machinery and equipment in a neutral or zero (0) mechanical state.
5.2.1. Minimum Knowledge: Before authorized or affected employees turn off a machine or piece of equipment, the authorized employee will have knowledge of the type and magnitude of the energy, the hazards of the energy to be controlled, the means to control the energy and notify all affected employees that the machinery, equipment or process will be out of service
5.2.2. Orderly Shutdown: The machine or equipment must be shut down using the specific procedures for that specific machine. An orderly shutdown must be utilized to avoid any additional or increased hazards to employees as a result of equipment de-energizing.
If the machinery, equipment or process is in operation, follow normal stopping procedures (depress stop button, open toggle switch, etc.).
Move switch or panel arms to "Off" or "Open" positions and close all valves or other energy isolating devices so that the energy source is disconnected or isolated from the machinery or equipment.
All energy control devices will be physically located and operated in such a manner as to physically and visibly isolate the machine or equipment from the energy source.
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5.2.3. Affixing Devices: “Lock-Out/Tag-Out” devices will be affixed to energy isolating devices by authorized employees. “Lock-Out” devices will be affixed in a manner that will hold the energy isolating devices in the "Safe" or "Off" position.
Where tags are used, they will be affixed in such a manner that will clearly state that the movement of energy isolating devices from the "Safe" or "Off" positions is prohibited.
The “Tag-Out” device will be attached to the same point a lock would be attached. If the tag cannot be affixed at that point, the tag will be located as close as possible to the device in a position that will be immediately obvious to anyone attempting to operate the device.
“Lock-Out” and “Tag–Out” all energy devices by use of hasps, chains and valve covers with assigned individual locks.
5.2.4. Energy Relief: Following the application of “Lock-Out” or “Tag-Out” devices to the energy isolating devices, all potential or residual energy will be relieved, disconnected, restrained and otherwise rendered safe.
Where the re-accumulation of stored energy to a hazardous energy level is possible, verification of isolation will be continued until maintenance or servicing is complete.
Release of stored energy (capacitors, springs, elevated members, rotating fly wheels and hydraulic/air/gas/steam systems) must be achieved by grounding, repositioning, blocking and/or bleeding the system.
5.2.5. Verification: Prior to starting work on machines or equipment that have been “Locked-Out” or “Tagged-Out”, the authorized employees will verify that isolation or de-energization of the machine or equipment has been accomplished. This is accomplished by the following steps:
Assuring that no employee is placed in danger.
Testing all “Lock-Outs” and “Tag-Outs” by following the normal start up procedures (depress start button, etc.) to prove that isolation has occurred.
After test, place controls in neutral position.
5.3. Extended Lock-Out/Tag-Out: Should the shift change before the machinery or equipment can be restored to service, the “Lock-Out” and “Tag-Out” must remain in place. If the task is reassigned to other authorized employees, those employees must “Lock-Out” and “Tag-Out” before the previous employees may remove their locks and tags.
5.4. Release from Lock-Out/Tag-Out: Before “Lock-Out” or “Tag-Out” devices are removed and the energy restored to the machine or equipment, the following actions will be taken:
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The work area will be thoroughly inspected to ensure that nonessential items have been removed and that machine or equipment components are operational.
The work area will be checked to ensure that all employees have been safely positioned or removed. Before the “Lock-Out” or “Tag-Out” devices are removed, the affected employees will be notified that the “Lock-Out” or “Tag-Out” devices are being removed.
Each “Lock-Out” or “Tag-Out” device will be removed from each energy-isolating device by the employee who applied the device.
5.5. Lock-Out/Tag-Out Procedure for Electrical Plug-Type Equipment: This procedure covers all electrical plug-type equipment including battery chargers, product (fuel) pumps, office equipment, powered hand tools, powered bench tools, lathes and fans.
5.5.1. Electrical Plug Equipment Isolation: When working on, repairing or adjusting the above equipment, the following procedures must be utilized to prevent accidental or sudden startup:
Unplug electrical equipment from wall socket or in-line socket.
Attach "Do Not Operate" tag, attach plug box and install lock on end of power cord.
An exception to locking and tagging the cord plug is allowed if the cord and plug remain in the exclusive control of the employee working on, adjusting or inspecting the equipment.
Test the equipment to inure that the power source has been removed by depressing the "Start" or On" Switch.
Perform required operations.
Replace all guards removed.
Remove lock, plug box and tag.
Inspect power cord and socket before plugging equipment into power source. Any defects must be repaired before placing the equipment back in service.
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5.6. Lock-Out/Tag-Out Procedures Involving More Than One Employee: In the preceding section, if more than one employee is assigned to a task requiring a “Lock-Out” and “Tag-Out”, each employee must also place his or her own lock and tag on the energy isolating device(s).
5.7. Management's Removal of Lock-Out/Tag-Out: Only the employee that locks out and tags out machinery, equipment or processes may remove his/her lock and tag. However; should the employee leave the facility before removing his/her lock and tag, the facility superintendent may remove the lock and tag. The facility superintendent must be assured that all tools have been removed, all guards have been replaced and all employees are free from any hazard before the lock and tag are removed and the machinery, equipment or process are returned to service. Notification of the employee who placed the lock is required prior to lock removal. If they cannot be reached they must be notified upon their return to work.
5.8. Contractors: Contractors working on ML&P property and equipment that are not covered by SOP S-69 or S-70 must use this Lock-Out/Tag-Out procedure or their own approved equivalent program while servicing or maintaining equipment, machinery or processes.
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FIELD WORK AREA PROTECTION SECTION 6 Overview: This section covers work area protection for employees working in or adjacent to public roadways. Scope: The contents of this section apply to all work areas and activities. 6.0. General: Work area protection is the adequate safeguarding or protecting of pedestrians,
motorists, utility workers and equipment by the use of adequate barriers, warning signs, lights, flags, traffic cones, high level standards, barricade rope and flagmen on approaches to work areas, excavations, open manholes or parked equipment.
6.0.2. Proper Identification: Work area protection is accomplished by the use of good informative and protective devices. A safe installation requires the use of these devices in relation to the location of the workers and the equipment involved. The use of these devices must be coupled with proper planning, design, installation, inspection, maintenance and the use of good common sense. It is of the utmost importance that the work area be properly identified and that warning devices say what they mean in order to convey the message to the traveling public well in advance of their arrival to the work area.
6.0.3. Public Warning: The public must be warned in advance, regulated and guided safely through or around the work area. Proper work area protection shall be planned to insure the safety and protection of the public, the workers and the equipment.
6.0.4. Proper Planning: The possibility of accidents occurring is greatly minimized by proper planning, design, installation, operation and maintenance, coupled with the use of common sense.
Figure 6-1
Work Area Protection
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6.1. Equipment:
6.1.1. Approved Signage: Only those signs, standards, barricades, flags and cones which conform to state or local codes shall be used.
6.1.2. Codes: All State and local traffic codes shall be followed when providing work area protection.
6.1.3. Night or Reduced Visibility: During night operation or in periods of reduced visibility, special precautions shall be taken. Adequate warning equipment which may include flashing lights, flares or area illumination, shall be used.
6.1.4. Device Removal: Warning devices and equipment shall be removed as soon as the hazard is eliminated.
6.1.5. Device Storage: Warning devices and equipment not in use shall be stored in a proper manner or shall be removed from the work area.
6.2. Flagmen
6.2.1. Flagmen Required: Flagmen shall be used whenever there is any doubt that effective protection can be provided by signs, signals and barricades.
6.2.2. Flagmen Clothing: Flagmen shall wear a lime or orange warning vest or other approved garment. Warning garments worn at night shall be of a reflectorized material.
6.2.3. Signaling Equipment: Flagmen using hand signaling equipment shall insure signals provide sufficient warning to protect themselves and the work site. Specifications of signaling equipment is summarized below:
Signal flags shall be red and at least twenty-four (24) inches square. Sign paddles (Stop and Slow) shall be on a six (6) foot staff. In periods of darkness or reduced visibility, approved lighted warning
devices shall be used.
6.2.4. Protective Positioning: Flagmen shall place themselves in a protected position to reduce possibility of injury from traffic.
6.2.5. Flagmen Awareness: Flagmen shall insure they can fully observe the operation and shall guide vehicular traffic in such a manner as to minimize the possibility of accidents or injury.
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6.2.6. Proper Communication: When flagmen are used at both ends of a job site, reliable communications or prearranged signals shall be used to insure proper traffic flow.
6.2.7. Facing Traffic: Flagmen shall face traffic when giving signals. 6.2.8. Approved Signals: Flagmen shall give positive direct signals which leave no doubt as to their meaning.
6.2.9. Traffic Control Plan: A copy of the approved traffic control plan shall be at the worksite.
6.3. Working in a DOT “Right of Way”:
6.3.1. Employees working in a Department of Transportation (DOT) “right of way” must wear a DOT approved lime or orange warning vest or other approved garment.
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TREE TRIMMING SECTION 7 Overview: This section covers a wide range of vegetation control activities in and around energized circuits or facilities. Scope: The contents of this section apply to all utility vegetation control activities but do not apply to other municipal organizations performing vegetation control activities on utility property. 7.0. General: Only qualified personnel shall perform tree-trimming operations. When tree
trimming, tree felling, brush loading or brush disposal operations are under way on streets, highways or any other areas accessible to the public, the work area shall be protected in accordance with Section 6 (Field Work Area Protection) of this manual.
7.0.1. Pole Gaffs: Pole climbers (gaffs) must not be used in trees.
7.0.2. Dead Limbs: Dead or rotted limbs, regardless of size, must not be used by employees for support.
7.0.3. Fall Protection: No work shall be done in a tree until the employee is securely tied in, belted to the tree or in the bucket of an aerial lift device.
7.0.4. Rope Placement: The climbing rope must be crotched (placed in an area where a tree branch joins the trunk) in such a manner as to prevent its “working out” on a lateral limb. 7.0.5. Multiple Trunk Trees: When working in a multiple-trunk tree, the climbing rope preferably shall be crotched around a main trunk other than the one on which the employee is working.
7.0.6. Double Crotching: Employees must crotch his climbing rope in two (2) places if a single crotch does not adequately protect him from falling into energized lines or falling back into trunk of tree.
7.0.7. Climbing Rope Restrictions: The climbing rope shall not be used as a pull-rope or as a handline to lower limbs or branches.
7.0.8. Dangling Ropes: The ground end of a climbing rope must not be allowed to dangle over roadways and shall be kept free from obstructions or passing vehicles.
7.0.9. Hitch Releasing: The taut-line hitch shall not be released until the climber is on the ground.
7.0.10. Dropping Branches: Branches or other material must not be dropped unless the immediate area has been cleared so that there is no possibility of injury to persons or
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damage to property. If a possibility of injury exists, a rope must be used to lower branches or other materials.
7.0.11. Fall Line Placement: When lowering heavy tree members, employees must not tie fall lines around hands or bodies.
7.0.12. Ground Employee Restrictions: Employees shall not attempt to clear limbs or brush from under that side of the tree where the climber is working.
7.0.13. Lifting Restrictions: Employees must obtain assistance or use power equipment if available when lifting logs or other heavy loads.
7.0.14. Loading Brush: When loading brush on a truck, employees must not stand in or straddle the loaded brush.
7.0.15. Brush Hauling: Brush must be hauled away promptly or otherwise disposed of to avoid presenting “an attractive nuisance” to children, to avoid injuring persons, employees or avoid causing damage to passing vehicles.
7.0.16. Proper Loading: When hauling brush, care must be taken to ensure it does not extend over the sides of the truck. Loads must be covered or contained before transport.
7.0.17. Hazardous Vegetation: When it is necessary to work in the vicinity of hazardous vegetation, employees shall keep sleeves rolled down and wear gloves.
7.0.18. Rope Capacity: Climbing ropes shall be a minimum of one-half (0.5) inches in diameter with a breaking strength of twenty-three-hundred (2,300) pounds.
7.0.19. Inspection Intervals: Climbing ropes must be inspected prior to each use.
7.0.20. Gas Powered Saws: Gasoline power saws weighing more than fifteen (15) pounds must be supported with a separate line unless work is being performed from an aerial lift.
7.0.21. Saw Adjustment: Each power saw must be equipped with a clutch and adjusted so the chain will not engaged at idling speed.
7.0.22. Ground Starting; A power saw must be started on the ground or where it is otherwise firmly supported. Drop starting of saws over fifteen (15) pounds is permitted outside of the bucket of an aerial lift. A power saw must not be running when the saw is being carried up into a tree.
7.0.23. Safety Shroud (Scabbard): All chainsaws shall have a shroud (scabbard) covering the chain when not in use.
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7.1. Working near Energized Conductors: Conductors in close proximity to tree trimming
operations shall be considered as energized unless proven to be dead and grounded. Tree clearing crews must notify dispatch when performing clearing operations in close proximity to energized conductors.
7.1.1. Contact with Energized Conductors: Parts of trees in contact with or likely to contact energized conductors must be cut with insulated tools or the employee shall wear rubber gloves when making the cut. Limbs being removed from contact with conductors are to be handled with the same precautions as the conductors themselves. Care should be taken to prevent the limb being removed from coming into contact with employee’s body.
7.1.2. Insulation and Isolation: Employees must never pass between or contact energized conductors unless such conductors are insulated or isolated from the employee by protective devices.
7.1.3. Branch Removal: Employees must not remove tree limbs or branches from above energized conductors while other employees are working in trees below the conductors in the same span.
7.1.4. Damaged Conductors: Broken or fallen conductors must be handled by persons qualified to perform such work.
7.1.5. Climbing Rope Anchorage: When working near conductors, the employee shall have his climbing rope secured so that in the event he slips or a limb breaks, he will swing free and clear of the conductors.
7.1.6. Dropping Limbs: Tree limbs must not be dropped on conductors.
7.1.7. Disallowed Supports: Ropes must not be thrown over conductors or crossarms for the purpose of using conductors or crossarms as a support or hitch.
7.1.8. Rope Requirements: Clean, dry ropes shall be used in trees through which energized conductors pass.
7.1.9. Aerial Basket Equipment: When using an aerial basket, the employee must take care not to bring himself or the equipment he is operating in contact with energized lines.
7.2. Tree Felling: Trees to be felled must be inspected for dead limbs which may break or
broken limbs lodged in the tree.
7.2.1. Work Prohibited: No one shall be allowed to work in a tree that is in close proximity to a tree that is being felled where there is danger of the felled tree striking the tree being worked in.
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7.2.2. Non-Engaged Personnel: All persons not engaged in the felling operation must be kept clear of guide ropes and other rigging.
7.2.3. Warnings: Clear warnings must be given to all employees in the area when trees are to be felled or heavy tree members are to be dropped.
7.2.4. Felling Completion: Once the felling of a tree has been started, it must be completed before leaving the job.
7.3. Care and Use of Tools and Ropes: Ropes must be inspected periodically. Damaged
sections shall be cut out and destroyed or the rope replaced.
7.3.1. Rope Care: Ropes must be kept away from fire, acids, oil, chemicals and all sources of excessive heat.
7.3.2. Sharp Objects: Dragging ropes over rough surfaces and sharp objects, such as rocks, must be avoided. Ropes must be stored separately from sharp edged cutting tools.
7.3.3. Guarding: The cutting edge of tools must be suitably sheathed or guarded except while in actual use.
7.3.4. Saw Storage: When not in actual use, the trimmer’s saw must be returned to the
scabbard.
7.3.5. Axe Restrictions: Axes must not be used in trees or carried on the shoulder.
7.3.6. Dropping Tools: Tools must not be thrown into or dropped from a tree; they must be raised or lowered by a suitable rope line.
7.3.7. Pruners: A pruner may not be laid on a limb, in a crotch or hooked on a wire or rope. It must be hooked over a limb strong enough to hold its weight.
7.3.8. Ladder Storage: Ladders must be removed from the base of the tree when not in use.
7.4. Powered Trimming Equipment: Employees operating power trimming equipment must
wear suitable eye/face protection (safety glasses/goggles and a face shield), approved hearing protection and safety shoes.
7.4.1. Chaps: Chain saw chaps must be worn at all times while operating a chain saw.
7.4.2. Two-Hand Operation: The operator shall grip the chain saw with both hands during the entire cutting operation.
7.4.3. Saw Bumper: The saw bumper must be against tree or limb before starting a cut.
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7.4.4. Cutting Preparation: Chain saw operators must clear the immediate area around their work to make certain that brush will not interfere with either the chain saw or operator.
7.4.5. Dead-Man Controls: All chain saws must be equipped with “dead-man” controls (control cannot lock in “on” position).
7.4.6. Engine Stopped: The chain saw engine or motor must be stopped under the following conditions:
When working on any part of the chain or cutting bar. While the saw is being moved from one location to another. While saw is unattended.
7.4.7. Refueling: Gasoline driven chain saw engines must be stopped when being refueled. If gas is spilled on chain saw during refueling, it must be wiped off before the engine is started.
7.4.8. Range of Use: A gasoline driven chain saw must not be used above shoulder level.
7.4.9. Approach Distances: Employees must not approach chain saw operator within the reach of the saw while the saw is in operation.
7.4.10. Tool Transfer: Employees must never hand a pneumatic pruner or saw to another employee unless it is disconnected from its air supply hose.
7.4.11. Unattended Power Tools: Power tools may not be left unattended if connected to their power source.
7.4.12. Servicing: Power tools must not be adjusted or repaired while connected to power source.
7.5. Chippers: Chippers must never be parked directly under tree being trimmed.
7.5.1. Spectators: Employees must not permit spectators to stand near machine while feeding brush into chipper.
7.5.2. Face Protection: Full cover goggles and face shield must be worn by employee when feeding brush into chipper.
7.5.3. Hopper Restrictions: Employees must never place hands or other part(s) of body into brush hopper while chipper is in operation.
7.5.4. Prohibited Use: Tools or other metallic objects shall not be used to push brush into chipper. Sweepings, which may contain foreign objects such as stones and nails, must be loaded on truck and not fed into the chipper.
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7.5.5. Ignition Keys: Ignition keys must be removed when the chipper is left unattended.
7.5.6. Glove Restrictions: Only wrist-length (non-gauntlet) gloves may be used by employees feeding a chipper.
7.6. Right-of-Way Clearing and Maintenance: Where two (2) or more men are cutting
brush, they must be separated by at least ten (10) feet.
7.6.1. Riders Prohibited: Under no circumstances may anyone, except the operator, ride on a bulldozer or any other heavy equipment used in land clearing.
7.6.2. Seat Belt Use: Bulldozer operators must wear seatbelts.
7.6.3. Anchoring Equipment: Employees must not anchor equipment to railroad tracks, fences or structures belonging to others.
7.6.4. Brake Testing: When emerging from right-of-way prior to road travel, employees should test the equipment brakes.
7.7. Use of Herbicides and Other Chemicals: Before using any herbicides or other chemicals, employees must read the label and the chemical MSDS carefully and follow the directions and precautions listed.
7.7.1. Chemical Hazards: Employees must avoid skin contact or breathing mist of spray material.
7.7.2. PPE Required: When working with toxic materials, proper respiratory protection must be used.
7.7.3. Cleaning: Spray equipment must be cleaned daily when using oil solutions.
7.7.4. Wind Speed Limitations: Spraying must not be performed when the wind speed exceeds speeds defined in the specific permit for the application, unless specifically authorized by the supervisor.
7.7.5. Distance Limitations: Brush must not be sprayed at a distance greater than fifteen (15) feet from power spray nozzle.
7.7.6. Spilled Liquids: Oil and other liquids spilled on power spray equipment must be removed as soon as possible to prevent falls from slippery surfaces.
7.7.7. Secured Connections: Hose connections on hydraulic sprayers must be checked before use to prevent blowing.
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7.7.8. Prohibited Acts: Employees must not smoke, eat or drink on or around mist spray equipment when oil solutions are being mixed or used.
7.7.9. Chemical Care: Herbicides and other chemicals may never be left where they could create a menace to persons or property.
7.7.10. Proper Waste Management: Empty containers and spray wastes must be disposed of in an appropriate manner. They shall never be thrown into ponds, lakes or streams.
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Overhead Distribution And Transmission SECTION 8 Overview: This section covers a wide range of overhead Transmission & Distribution (T&D) work such as pole work, live line tools, work adjacent to energized lines, equipotential grounding and pole storage. Scope: The contents of this section apply to all work areas and activities. 8.0. General: Only qualified employees shall be authorized to work on or near energized
lines or equipment. Only qualified employees may work in areas containing unguarded, uninsulated energized lines or parts of equipment operating at fifty (50) volts or more. 8.0.1. Employee Responsibilities: Employees must immediately report any defects or conditions discovered on the ML&P system which in their judgment may be hazardous to the general public, ML&P employees, could cause damage to property or is likely to cause an outage or service interruption. 8.0.2. Live Equipment Interpretation: Electrical equipment and lines must always be considered as “live” unless ML&P’s switching, tagging and grounding procedures have been followed and the lines have been de-energized, isolated from the power system, tested for the presence of dangerous voltages and grounded. Neutral conductors and devices must be handled with appropriate caution. 8.0.3. Current Transformers (CTs): Secondary windings of CTs must be short circuited before any instrument or other device connected in the circuit is removed or disconnected.
8.0.4. Two Employee Minimum: Except as provided in Section 8.0.5, at least two (2) employees must be present while the following types of work are being performed:
Installation, removal or repair of lines that are energized at more than six-hundred (600) volts.
Installation, removal or repair of deenergized lines if an employee is exposed to contact with other parts energized at more than six-hundred (600) volts.
Installation, removal or repair of equipment such as transformers, capacitors and regulators, if an employee is exposed to contact with parts energized at more than six-hundred (600) volts.
Work involving the use of mechanical equipment other than insulated aerial lifts near parts energized at more than six-hundred (600) volts.
Other work that exposes an employee to electrical hazards greater than or equal to those posed by those listed above.
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8.0.5. Exception: Section 8.0.4. of this manual does not apply to emergency repairs to the extent necessary to safeguard the general public.
8.0.6. Approach Distances: No employee may approach or take conductive objects closer to exposed energized parts than the distances listed in Table 8-1 unless the following is true:
They are insulated from the energized equipment (wearing appropriate rubber gloves and/or sleeves)
The energized equipment is isolated from the employee and from any other conductive object at a different potential.
8.0.7. Employee Positioning: Employees must work in a position from which a slip or shock will not bring their body in contact with exposed energized equipment.
8.0.8. Making Connections: When connecting de-energized equipment or lines to an energized circuit by means of a jumper wire or device, the jumper wire or device must be connected to the deenergized part first. Removal of the jumper wire or device requires that the reverse operation occur; the source end is disconnected first.
8.0.9. Fuse Installation/Removal: When fuses are installed or removed with one or both terminals energized at more than three-hundred (300) volts or with exposed parts energized at more than fifty (50) volts, gloves rated for the voltage must be used. When expulsion type fuses are installed with one or both terminals energized at more than three-hundred (300) volts, eye protection and a tool rated for the voltage must be used.
Table 8-1 AC Live Work Minimum Approach Distance
Distance to Employee Phase to Ground Phase to Phase
Voltage
In kilovolts Phase to Phase
(m) (ft-in) (m) (ft-in)
0 to 0.050* Not Specified Not Specified 0.051 to 0.300* Avoid contact Avoid contact 0.301 to 0.750* 0.31 1-0 0.31 1-0
0.751 to 15 0.65 2-2 0.67 2-3 15.1 to 36.0 0.77 2-7 0.86 2-10 36.1 to 46.0 0.84 2-9 0.96 3-2 46.1 to 72.5 1.00 3-3 1.20 3-11
* For single-phase systems, use the highest voltage available * For single phase lines off three phase systems, use the phase-to-phase voltage
for the system
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8.1. Live Line Tools: Live line tools can become electrically unsafe due to a combination of dirt, moisture and loss of surface gloss. Each live line tool must be wiped clean and inspected for defects prior to each days use. 8.1.1. Contamination: If any defect or contamination that could adversely affect the insulating qualities or mechanical integrity of the tool is found after cleaning the tool, it must be removed from service and tested to verify its insulating integrity prior to being returned to service. 8.1.2. Live Line Tool Care: At a minimum of once every two years, live line tools must be removed from service, thoroughly examined for defects, cleaned, waxed and tested to verify the tool’s integrity along its entire working length. If the tool is made of fiberglass reinforced plastic, its integrity under wet conditions must also be tested. 8.1.3. Test Dates: The test date must be plainly marked on the tool. 8.1.4. Post Repair Testing: If a live line tool is repaired or refinished, it must be tested as stated in Section 8.1.2. prior to being returned to service.
8.1.5. Test Standards: Testing of live line tools must meet or exceed the requirements outlined in IEEE Std. 978-1984.
8.1.6. Authorized Personnel: Testing of live line tools will be conducted by contract personnel. Documentation of testing will be maintained by ML&P’s Vehicle Maintenance Shop. 8.2. Climbing and Working on Poles. All poles and structures shall be carefully inspected
before climbing to assure that they are in a safe condition for the work to be performed and that they are capable of sustaining the additional or unbalanced stresses to which they will be subjected.
8.2.1. Pole Inspections: Poles must be inspected for unsafe conditions before and during climbing. Pole inspection must cover the following areas at a minimum:
Rake or lean of the pole. Shell rot Wide cracks Breaks Excessive knots Woodpecker holes
Ice Surface rot Center rot Butt rot Obstructions at the poles base
8.2.2. Unsafe Poles: In no case may an unsafe pole be climbed until it has been made safe by whatever means are required such as guying, bracing or by other adequate means. When poles are encountered such that, in the lineman’s opinion
they are unsafe to climb, an alternate means of working on the pole must be used such as the use of an aerial bucket.
8.2.3. Attachment Precautions: Wires shall not be attached to or removed from a pole or structure until it is certain that the pole or structure will withstand the altered or increased strain.
8.2.4. Pole Testing/Inspections: All poles, except new ones, shall be thoroughly tested before they are climbed. If a pole is not strong enough to sustain a lineman’s weight by reason of its condition or its placement (such as in soft ground), it shall be guyed or otherwise secured throughout the time any work is being performed on it. If the pole to be climbed is being replaced and the new pole is set adjacent to it, the old pole may be lashed to the new one in lieu of guying.
8.2.5. Climbers Prohibited: Workers shall not wear their climbers while driving or when working off ladders (except hook ladders on structures) or on platforms where the wearing of the climbers creates a hazard.
8.2.6. Gaff Maintenance: Gaffs on climbers shall be kept within safe length limits (one and one-fourth (1 ¼) inches min.), properly shaped and sharp. (Use of a factory gaff gauge is recommended)
8.2.7. Safety Strap Required: Employees shall not work on a pole or structure without first securing themselves with a safety strap.
8.2.8. Fall Arrest Equipment: Fall arrest equipment is not required to be used by a qualified employee climbing or changing location on poles, towers or similar structures unless conditions such as ice, high winds, the design of the structure or the presence of contaminants on the structure could cause the employee to lose his grip or footing. This only applies to structures that support overhead electric power transmission and distribution lines and equipment. It does not apply to portions of buildings, transformers and capacitors. 8.2.9. Approved Straps: Only approved belts and straps shall be used. Handmade or factory rope, safety straps are not permitted.
8.2.10. Conductive Body Belt Accessories: Hooks, clips or chains used for holding tools or tape shall not be attached to body belt. Leather or other non-conducting material shall be used for this purpose.
8.2.11. Prohibited Safety Strap Anchors: Employees shall not support their weight from guy wires, pins, braces, conductors or other such equipment that might prove unstable.
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8.2.12. Climbing Requirements: When two (2) or more employees are required to work on the same pole together, each shall reach their working position on the pole before the next person leaves the ground. They shall descend the pole one at a time.
8.2.13. Climber Storage: When climbers are stored in the truck or tool room, appropriate gaff guards must be installed on the gaffs and they must be stored where the sharp points will not damage other equipment or cause personal injury.
8.3. Pole Top Rescue: Electric contacts may occur at elevated locations. When such a
contact does happen, immediate rescue is necessary. Rescue operations will vary, depending upon the prevailing situation. The information contained in this section is intended to serve only as a guide. Preplanning and training for a possible emergency is always important. 8.3.0. Rescue Equipment: The equipment necessary for pole top rescue must be available on all line trucks and must include the minimum equipment:
Personal climbing equipment including gaff hooks, body belts and safety
straps. Rescue rope one-half (½) inch in diameter and twice the height of the highest
crossarm on the base plus ten (10) feet. A sharp knife. Rubber gloves to be used if the victim is energized.
8.3.1. Situation Assessment: Evaluate the situation. The rescue effort will be far more effective if a few seconds are devoted to full identification of the situation.
Call to the injured person on the pole and ask if they are okay or if they need
help. If there is no response or if they seem stunned or dazed radio for help. Prepare the equipment you will need. Rubber gloves, hot-line tools, climbing
equipment, rescue rope and a knife. Inspect the pole. Remember you must protect yourself first.
8.3.2. Rescue Climb: Climb to the rescue position and clear the victim from any hazards if necessary.
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Figure 8-1
Rescue Position
8.3.3. Victim Assessment: Assess the victim’s condition.
Conscious: If the victim is conscious, ask them what they need. Tie them off and lower them to the ground if they cannot climb down on their own.
Unconscious and Breathing: Try to revive the victim. If you cannot revive the victim, tie them off and lower them to the ground.
Unconscious, not Breathing: Tie the victim off and lower them to the ground.
Administer first aid while on the ground.
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The rescuer should tie the rescue rope to the victim by positioning the rescue line
over the crossarm or part of the structure as shown in Figure 8-2
Figure 8-2 Rescue line position
The rescuer’s placement is normally dictated by the position of the victim and whether the rescuer is right or left handed. The rescuer should begin the rescue by placing the rescue line two (2) to three (3) feet away from the pole for the best results. Next he should wrap the short end of the line around the fall line twice and then pass it around the victim’s chest and tie it with three half hitches. The knot should be in front of the victim, near one armpit and high on the chest. The rescuer should remove any slack in hand line by pulling on it, take a firm grip on the fall line with one hand and use the other hand to cut the victim’s safety strap on the side opposite the desired swing.
DO NOT CUT YOUR OWN SAFETY STRAP WHEN CUTTING THE VICTIM’S SAFETY STRAP
Finally, the rescuer should lower victim while controlling their descent by tightening and loosening the two twists in the rope with one hand. The other hand should be used to guide the victim through any obstructions on their way down the pole.
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Figure 8-3
Pole Top Rescue
All victims of electrical contact must be transported to a hospital for a thorough examination.
8.4. Working on Energized Lines with Live Line Tools:
8.4.1. Rubber Glove Wear: Rubber gloves need not be worn when using live line tools except when making or breaking a circuit (such as in switching or grounding procedures) when proper clearance (Table 8-1) cannot be maintained from under built circuits.
8.4.2. Weather Restrictions: Planned work with live-line tools shall not be started during extreme weather.
8.4.3. Notification Requirements: Before work with live-line maintenance tools is started, the dispatcher or person having jurisdiction shall be notified. If during live-line tool work an interruption to service occurs, the dispatcher or other person having jurisdiction shall be notified immediately.
8.4.4. Approved Tools: Only tools approved by ML&P shall be used in live-line maintenance work.
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8.4.5. Required Inspections: An inspection shall be made to see that the condition of the structure and lines at the location of the work is such that the job may be performed safely. In addition, the adjacent spans and structures shall be checked for defective conductors, tie wires, insulators and other equipment.
8.4.6. Prohibited Holding: Under no circumstances shall a lineman hold a live conductor clear of another worker.
8.4.7. Blocks Required: When moving heavy conductors, blocks must be used on the live-line tool so that they may be moved slowly and carefully.
8.4.8. Live Work Restrictions: While live-line work is in progress, no other work of any nature may be performed on the same pole or structure.
8.4.9. Live Line Tool Storage: All live-line tools, when not in use, must be kept in canvas bags provided for that purpose and such containers stored in a dry and, warm place, if possible.
8.4.10. Live Line Tool Care: Live-line tools must never be laid directly on the ground or against sharp objects such as wire fences. Special tool holders or tarpaulins shall be used for this purpose.
8.4.11. Live Line Tool Inspections: All live-line tools must be visually inspected and wiped clean before use each day. If any hazardous defects are indicated, such tools shall be removed from service.
8.4.12. Circuit Reclosing: The automatic reclosing feature of circuit interrupting devices must be made inoperative before work begins and a “Hot Line Order” received. See SOP S-70.
8.5. Working on De-Energized Lines and Equipment:
8.5.1. De-energized Equipment: When working on de-energized lines and equipment, all conductors and equipment must be treated as energized until all known sources of electrical energy have been opened or isolated, disabled, tested dead, grounded and tagged.
8.5.2. New Construction: New lines or equipment may be considered dead and worked as such where the following exists: The lines or equipment are grounded or the hazard of induced voltages is not present and adequate clearances or other means are implemented to prevent contact with existing energized lines or equipment and the new lines or equipment.
8.5.3. Bare Communications Conductors: Bare communications conductors on power poles or structures must be treated as energized unless they are protected by
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insulating materials or are effectively grounded. See Sections 8.13 through 8.14 for grounding procedures and requirements.
8.6. Working in Substation or Switchyards:
8.6.1. Buss and Equipment Work: Equipment or buss work must be considered energized unless disconnected and properly grounded. Ground leads shall be capable of conducting the anticipated fault current and shall have a minimum conductance of 4/0 copper.
8.6.2. Safety Watch: When work is performed in energized substations or switchyards that require non-qualified persons or persons not familiar with the specific hazards therein, a designated qualified “Safety Watch” must be present to observe the work. The “Safety Watch” shall perform no other work while acting as a “Safety Watch”. A separate “Safety Watch is required for each work area. A qualified person as determined by ML&P shall not require a “Safety Watch”.
8.6.3. Notification: Employee(s) entering substations or switchyards adjacent to power plants must notify the plant operator prior to entry and upon departure. For all other substations or switchyards, employee(s) or foremen must notify dispatch of entry immediately and upon departure.
8.6.3.1. Other Personnel: All personnel must call dispatch and notify them upon entry and exit from all substations. 8.6.3.2. Security: All personnel must confirm that gates are locked and secured prior to leaving the site.
8.7. Working on Transformers:
The primary leads of a distribution transformer must be considered energized at full voltage until both the primary and secondary leads have been disconnected or it has been determined and verified that the secondary circuit it is attached to is grounded.
The cases of all overhead transformers connected to a source of supply must be
considered to be at full primary voltage unless previously installed grounds are clearly evident.
Protective grounds must be installed in accordance with the provisions of
Sections 8.12 - 8.13.
Workers must maintain proper clearances in accordance with Table 8-1 from transformer cases when working on or near energized facilities.
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8.8. Hoisting Cables – Conductive Material:
8.8.1. Conductive Winch Cables: Wire rope or other conductive material must not be used to raise transformers, poles or any other material near high voltage lines except when the wire rope and any conductive material being raised are adequately protected by insulating covering and such energized wires are properly covered.
8.8.2. Worn Wire Rope: Use of wire rope as a hoist line must be discontinued when it becomes worn, deteriorated or damaged to a degree that is unsafe.
8.8.3. Conductive Slings: Conductive slings (metallic chain or cable) must not be used near energized equipment.
8.8.4. Prohibited Slings: Chain slings must not be used for lifting purposes.
8.8.5. Control: Positive control of wire rope must be maintained at all times.
8.8.6. Precautions: Synthetic hoisting lines and ropes must not be considered as non-conductive.
8.9. Working on Capacitors:
8.9.1. Capacitor Treatment: Capacitors and their supporting structure must be considered at full voltage until they have been removed from the line, their terminals short-circuited and their capacitance discharged to ground by an approved method.
8.9.2. Minimum Time Required: Capacitor terminals must not be short-circuited until the capacitors have been de-energized for at least fifteen (15) minutes.
8.9.3. Employee Contact: Employees must not come in contact with an ungrounded capacitor case or supporting structure until the capacitor has been disconnected from the circuit and the terminals shorted.
8.9.4. Substation Requirements: Within substations, no work may be performed within the capacitor bank enclosure until the capacitor bank has been de-energized and a clearance has been placed on the switch or breaker controlling the capacitor bank. See SOP S-70.
8.9.5. Storage Requirements: The terminals of capacitors in storage must be short circuited.
8.10. Poly-Chlorinated-Byphenols (PCBs): (Pyranol, Askeral, Inerteen, etc.):
8.10.1. Training: Only properly trained employees may handle material containing PCBs.
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8.10.2. PPE Required: Employees shall wear impervious rubber, eye protection and appropriate protective clothing when cleaning up after a rupture of a capacitor or transformer containing PCBs. 8.10.3. Auxiliary Breathing Equipment: Before entering a confined space such as a transformer vault after the failure of equipment containing PCBs, the space must be purged by forced ventilation and employees entering the space shall wear proper auxiliary breathing equipment until tests indicate it is free of vapors.
8.10.4. Disposal Requirements: All materials such as rags, solvents or dirt contaminated by PCBs must be disposed of according to written instructions.
8.11. Stringing or Removing De-Energized Conductors:
8.11.1. Stringing Requirements: Prior to stringing operations, a briefing shall be held setting forth the plan of operation and specifying the type of equipment to be used, grounding devices employed, procedures to be followed, crossover methods to be utilized and clearance authorizations required.
8.11.2. Accidental Contact Provisions: Where there is a possibility of a conductor accidentally contacting an energized circuit or receiving dangerous induced voltages, the conductor being installed or removed must be grounded or provisions made to insulate or isolate the employee.
8.11.3. Required Grounding: If the existing line is de-energized, proper clearance authorization must be secured and the line grounded on both sides of the crossover or the line being strung or removed shall be considered and worked as energized.
8.11.4. Crossing Energized Circuits: When crossing over energized conductors in excess of six-hundred (600) volts, rope nets or guard structures shall be installed unless provision is made to isolate or insulate the worker or the energized conductor. Where practical, the automatic reclosing feature of the circuit interrupting device must be made inoperative. In addition, the line being strung must be grounded on either side of the crossover or considered and worked as energized.
8.11.5. Conductor Control: Conductors being strung in or removed must be kept under positive control by the use of adequate tension reels, guard structures, tie lines or another sufficient means to prevent accidental contact with energized circuits.
8.11.6. Clipping Requirements: A transmission clipping crew shall have a minimum of two structures clipped in between the crew and the conductor being sagged. When working on bare conductors, clipping and tying crews must work
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between grounds at all times. The grounds must remain intact until the conductors are clipped in except on dead-end structures.
8.11.7. Grounding Requirements: Adequate grounds must be placed on all dead-end structures and must remain intact until jumpers are installed or removed as the last phase of aerial cleanup.
8.12. Stringing Adjacent to Energized Lines:
8.12.1. Required Evaluation: Prior to stringing parallel to an existing energized transmission line, a complete determination must be made to ascertain whether dangerous induced voltage build ups may occur. When there is a possibility that such dangerous induced voltages may exist, the following requirements must be adhered to below. See Sections 8.12.2 through 8.12.13.
8.12.2. Stringing Adjacent to Energized Lines: When stringing adjacent to energized lines, the tension stringing method or other methods which preclude unintentional contact between the lines being pulled and any employee, must be used.
8.12.3. Tensioning Equipment: All pulling and tensioning equipment shall be effectively grounded during any stringing operation. A running ground is required at the tensioning end of the wire setup.
8.12.4. Ground Installation: A ground must be installed between the tensioning reel setup and the first structure in order to ground each bare conductor, subconductor and overhead ground conductor during stringing operations.
8.12.5. Conductor Grounding Requirements: During stringing operations, each bare conductor, sub-conductor and overhead ground conductor must be grounded at the first tower adjacent to both the tensioning and pulling setup and in increments so that no point is more than two (2) miles from a ground.
8.12.6. Duration: The ground must be left in place until conductor installation is completed.
8.12.7. Ground Removal: Such grounds shall be removed as the last phase of aerial cleanup.
8.12.8. Proper Tools: Except for moving (travelling) type grounds, the grounds must be placed and removed with a hot stick.
8.12.9. Ground Locations: A ground must be located at each side and within ten (10) feet of working areas where conductors, subconductors or overhead ground conductors are being spliced at ground level. The two (2) ends being spliced must be bonded to each other.
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8.12.10. Bonding Requirements: All conductors, subconductors and overhead ground conductors must be bonded to the tower or any isolated tower where it may be necessary to complete work on the transmission line.
8.12.11. Dead-End Towers: Work on dead-end towers shall require grounding on all de-energized lines.
8.12.12. Tower Grounds: Grounds may be removed as soon as the work is completed provided that the line is not left open-circuited at the isolated tower where work is being completed.
8.12.13. Personal Protective Grounds: When performing work from structures, clipping crews and all others working on conductors, subconductors or overhead ground conductors shall be protected by individual grounds (personal protective grounds) installed at every work location.
8.13. Grounding – General:
8.13.1. Isolation and Testing: No conductor shall be considered de-energized until it has been isolated from the power system, tested for presence of dangerous voltage and properly grounded. 8.13.2. New Lines: New lines or equipment may be considered de-energized and worked as such where the following occurs: The lines or equipment are grounded or the hazard of induced voltage is not present and adequate clearances from Table 8-1 or other equivalent means are implemented to prevent contact with the existing energized lines or equipment and the new lines or equipment.
8.13.3. Bare Communications Conductors: Bare communications conductors on power poles or structures must be treated as energized unless they are protected by insulating materials or are effectively grounded. See Sections 8.13 through 8.14 for grounding procedures and requirements.
8.13.4. De-energized Conductors/Equipment: De-energized conductors and equipment must be isolated from the power system and tested for the presence of dangerous voltages prior to the installation of any grounding devices.
8.13.5. Attaching Grounds:
8.12.3.1. Attaching Grounds: When attaching grounds, the end that is to be attached to ground potential must be attached first, and the other end(s) must be attached last by an insulated hot line tool.
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8.12.3.2. Removing Grounds: When removing grounds, the end attached to the line or equipment that is effectively grounded must be removed first by an insulated hot line tool.
8.13.6. Placement of Grounds: Grounds must be placed between work location and all sources of energy and as close as practicable to the work location or grounds must be placed at the work location. If work is to be performed at more than one location in a line section, the line section must be grounded and short-circuited at one location in the line section and the conductor to be worked on must be grounded at each work location. The minimum clearance shown in Table 8-1 must be maintained from ungrounded conductors at the work location. Where the installation of a ground is impractical or where the resulting conditions would be more hazardous than working on lines or equipment without grounding, the grounds may be omitted as long as the line or equipment being worked on is treated as being energized.
8.13.7. Temporary Removal: Grounds may be temporarily removed only when necessary for test purposes. Extreme caution must be exercised during the test procedures.
8.13.8. Grounding Electrode Requirements: When grounding electrodes are utilized, such electrodes must have a resistance to ground low enough to remove the danger of harm to personnel or permit prompt operation of protective devices.
8.13.9. Tower Ground Clamps: Grounding to a tower shall be made with a tower clamp capable of conducting the anticipated fault current at that location.
8.13.10. Ground Lead Capacities: A ground lead that is to be attached to either a tower ground or driven ground must be capable of conducting the anticipated fault current and shall have a minimum conductance of No. 2 AWG copper for voltages up to 24.9 kV, No. 4/0 AWG copper for voltages above 24.9 kV and in all substations.
8.13.11. Lifting Equipment Requirements: Lifting equipment must be bonded to an effective ground, or it shall be considered energized and isolated (barricaded) when utilized near energized equipment or lines.
8.14. Equipotential Grounding:
8.14.1. Attaching Grounds: When attaching grounds, the end that is to be attached to ground potential, must be attached first and the other end(s) must be attached last by an insulated hot line tool.
8.14.2. Removing Grounds: When removing grounds, the end attached to the line or equipment that is effectively grounded must be removed first by an insulated hot line tool.
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8.14.3. Required Installation: If no grounds are present they must be installed.
8.14.4. Chain Binder Location: A chain binder (grounding cluster) with provisions for attaching grounding jumpers must be tightened around the pole at a position just below where the lineman will place his feet.
8.14.5. Chain Binder Jumper: A bonding jumper must be attached to the chain binder and extended to the system neutral. If neutral cannot be approached safely, grounds must be placed and removed with a hot stick.
8.14.6. Bonding Phases: Jumpers must be extended from the system neutral to each phase conductor.
8.14.7. Jumper Removal: When work is completed, the jumpers must be removed in reverse order of installation.
8.14.8. Mechanical Jumpers: When a circuit is to be opened such as removing jumpers at a junction pole or cutting slack out of line jumpers, a temporary jumper (mechanical jumper) must be installed across the open point prior to removing the line jumpers.
8.14.9. Grounding Adjacent Structures: When it is not practical to install protective grounds at the pole where work is being performed such as when wires are torn down or when a broken pole is to be replaced, grounds must be installed on both sides of the work location and no further away than the adjacent structures on both ends of the span.
8.14.10. Multiple Utilities: If the grounding cluster is installed below foreign equipment (equipment owned by other utilities-define foreign equipment), this equipment must be bonded to the grounding cluster also. This removes any possibility of dangerous potentials occurring between the foreign equipment and either the grounded equipment or pole during fault conditions.
8.15. Temporary Storage of Poles:
8.15.1. Spotting Poles: If it becomes necessary to store poles at the location where they are to be set, they must be placed so that they will not interfere with traffic.
8.15.2. Night-Time: Poles left overnight on or near streets, highways or walkways must not create a hazard. They must be safeguarded by red lights or well-lighted warning signs.
8.15.3. Proper Placement: Poles must be so placed or chocked that they will not roll.
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8.15.4. Employee Restrictions: Employees must not remain on a pole pile while poles are being hoisted.
8.16. Setting and Removing Poles:
8.16.1. Unfilled Pole Holes: If any holes are left unfilled at the end of the work period, they must be protected with suitable coverings and marked with an appropriate barricade.
8.16.2. Non-Essential Personnel: All personnel not engaged in pole-setting operations must keep out of the work area.
8.16.3. Gin Pole Restrictions: No employee shall be allowed on a gin pole when it is being used to lift or set another pole.
8.16.4. Energized Circuit Work: While setting or removing poles between or near conductors energized above six-hundred (600) volts, the following applies:
If safe clearances described in Table 8-1 cannot be maintained, the conductors
must be de-energized, covered with protective devices, spread or pole guards shall be used to minimize accidental contact.
Workers handling the butt of the pole must wear rubber gloves whether or not cant hooks, peaveys or slings are used.
Until a pole is positively secured from moving against an energized conductor, no one shall step on or off the boom truck or touch any part of it without using rubber gloves while standing on the ground.
Pole ground wires must not be stapled any higher than ten (10) feet from the ground.
8.16.5. Pole Pikes: When pole pikes are used to hold poles in place while holes are being backfilled, the pikes must be firmly planted in all quadrants around the pole and shall not be removed until the required amount of backfill has been added to prevent the pole from falling. When a pole is being “canted”, the pikes must be held, rotated with the pole and reset on the ground when the canting is complete.
8.16.6. Suspended Loads: Employees must not stand or pass under a suspended load, adjacent to, over or under a loaded winch line.
8.16.7. Handling Poles: Employees engaged in handling or working on poles must wear suitable gloves and a shirt or jacket with the sleeves rolled down.
8.16.8. Operators Responsibilities: Crane or Lifting equipment operators must only accept signals from the designated employee. The operator shall obey the stop signal given by anyone.
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Figure 8-4 Standard Signals For Line Work
Signal # 1: This signal is used to indicate the direction of pull. Faster or slower motions of this signal are used to indicate speeds other than caution or slow speeds. Where there is a choice of conductors to be pulled, this signal is given with one of the indicating Signals # 7 to # 12 inclusive. Signal # 2: This signal always follows either Signal # 1 or # 4 and is an indication of slow speed for caution. This signal must be given continuously while the pull is being made at slow speeds and is to be terminated by either giving Signals # 1, # 4 (depending on direction) or # 3. Signal # 3: Stop. Signal # 4: This signal is used to indicate the direction of pull and is used in slacking or lowering as Signal # 1 is used for taking up. Signals # 7 to # 12: These signals are always used in conjunction with either Signal # 1 or # 4 and are given at the same time that either Signal # 1 or # 4 is given. In using Signals # 10, # 11 and # 12, the man’s arm on the wire side to be pulled is indicating the signal being used.
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Figure 8-5
Truck Hoist Signals
Signals # 13, # 14 and # 15: These signals are to be used only when the signalman is within fifty (50) feet of the truck operator.
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UNDERGROUND LINES AND EQUIPMENT SECTION 9 Overview: This section covers a wide range of underground transmission & distribution work such as vault work, both energized and de-energized conductors, grounding and rubber glove use. Scope: The contents of this section apply to all work areas and activities. 9.0. General: Whenever a cover is to be removed from a manhole or a vault and an
obstruction to traffic results, the following precautions shall be taken:
9.0.1. Traffic Obstructions: All obstructions to traffic shall be guarded by adequate signs, barricades, lights, flares, flags and other required devices. Traffic shall be warned in sufficient time using high level standards, flashing lights, traffic cones and flagmen as may be needed. 9.0.2. Equipment Used to Guard: When permissible and practicable, equipment shall also be placed to guard the work area against oncoming traffic. 9.0.3. Open Flames Prohibited: A blow torch or open flame must never be used to melt ice around a manhole or vault cover because combustible vapors may be present below the cover. 9.0.4. Covers: Manhole, vault, and service box covers shall always be removed and replaced by means of approved hooks or hoists.
9.1 Entering Underground Structures: Before an employee enters a street opening
such as a manhole or an unvented vault, the atmosphere must be tested and the opening must be promptly protected with a barrier, temporary cover or other suitable guard. 9.1.1. Applicable Reference: When work is to be performed in a manhole or unvented vault, refer to Section 3.2 for applicable rules..
9.2. Working on Energized Cables: All underground cables and apparatus energized at
levels above six-hundred (600) volts must be de-energized and the required clearance(s) established before work is done on the conductor(s) or before the cables are cut into or spliced. See SOP S-70. 9.2.1. Insulating/Isolating: Before any work is done on an energized cable, other cables and grounded equipment with which contact can be made while working on the energized cable, must be covered with rubber blankets or approved insulating shields. Cables with non-metallic sheaths and those with an insulating jacket over the metallic sheath need not be covered.
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9.2.2. Required PPE: Employees must wear rubber gloves with leather protectors and stand on rubber mats or insulated stools while cutting into and removing sheathing or sleeves and while testing energized cables. 9.2.3. Lead Sheathed Cables: Where applicable, after removing a section of lead sheath or sleeve on an energized cable, the lead on each side of the opening must be covered with insulating tape for a distance of at least nine (9) inches. 9.2.4. Multi-Conductor Cables: When cutting an energized multiple conductor cable, a piece of fiber or wood (non-conductive material) must be placed between the conductor being cut and the other conductors to prevent accidental cutting of other conductors. The cut must be made directly over the shield or barrier. 9.2.5. Cutting Requirements: Immediately after cutting an energized conductor of a multiple conductor cable, the ends of the cut conductor must be insulated before another conductor is cut. During the course of the work, only one (1) uninsulated conductor shall be exposed at a time.
9.3 Work on De-Energized Cables: When working on de-energized cables and
equipment, all conductors and equipment must be treated as energized until the cable or equipment has been isolated from the power system, tested for the presence of dangerous voltages, grounded and the required clearance has been established in accordance with SOP S-70. 9.3.1. High Voltage Cable Cutting: When a high voltage cable is to be cut, a short section of the shielding shall be completely removed around the cable and tests made with two statiscopes or other approved testing device(s) to determine whether or not the cable is de-energized. If no indication of an energized live cable is obtained, the employee may proceed with the work. 9.3.2. Testing for Voltage Presence: When opening a joint or splice in a high voltage cable, the sleeve of the joint shall be cut completely around near the wipes and then cut lengthwise and removed from the joint. No effort shall be made to remove the compound. The employee must then test over each conductor with two (2) statiscopes or other approved testing devices. If no indication of an energized cable is obtained, he shall remove the compound. If shielding tape is then encountered, it must be removed and another test made over each conductor with two (2) statiscopes or other approved testing devices. 9.3.3. Low Voltage Cables: When cutting or opening joints on low voltage cables, the same procedure as outlined above for high voltage cables must be followed, except with testing. To determine whether the conductor is energized, the insulation must be cut away to expose the conductor and tests made with approved equipment. On multiple conductor cables, only one (1) conductor may be cut into
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at a time and tests made on at least two (2) conductors before proceeding with work.
9.4. Pulling Cables: Employees must not handle pull-wires or pulling-lines within reaching distance of blocks, sheaves, winch drums and take-up reels.
9.4.1. Pulling Restrictions: Pull-wires, steel pulling-lines or metal rodding must not be pushed through ducts where energized equipment is present unless another employee is stationed at the other end of the run. 9.4.2. Employee Restrictions: Employees must not remain in a manhole or vault during pulling operations involving heavy pulling strains unless they can take a position clear of the pulling line.
9.5. Moving Energized Cables: All cables may be moved at the discretion of the
foreman. They may not; however, be moved where such movement requires changing bonds. 9.5.1. PPE Required: Energized cables must be handled with rubber gloves as appropriate. See Section 4.
9.6. Heating Materials: Metals and insulating compounds must be heated in such a
manner as to prevent hazards to employees working in manholes or vaults and to vehicular or pedestrian traffic. 9.6.1. Gloves Required: Gloves must be worn while heating or working with hot insulating compound. 9.6.2. Solder Pots: Cold solder scraps or dippers shall never be placed in a hot solder pot until the chill and any moisture has been removed from the scraps or dippers.
9.6.3. Torch Restrictions: Torches or heaters must be kept at a safe distance from flammable materials.
9.7. Underground Distribution (UD). Before an Underground Distribution (UD)
equipment enclosure is opened, all unauthorized persons including private citizens must leave the work area and remain clear of the same. 9.7.1. Equipment Locating: When underground equipment is being located, short sections of scrap cable could provide false indications of the actual position of permanent conductors; therefore, all scrap cable, regardless of length, is to be removed from the job site.
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9.8. Opening and Closing UD Circuits: Switching procedures and tagging practices
must be followed when sectionalizing UD circuits. See SOP S-70. 9.8.1. UD Patrol: When an UD circuit has opened, the route of the circuit shall be patrolled for obvious hazards before the circuit is reclosed. 9.8.2. Switching: Live line tools must be used when switches (including secondary breakers) in an energized circuit are opened or closed. 9.8.3. Load Break Equipment: All UD primary circuits must be de-energized by opening one or more load break devices including load break elbow connectors, load break fused cutouts, load break tools or other approved load break devices.
9.9. Grounding UD:
Note: A capacitance charge can remain in a UD cable after it has been disconnected from the circuit and a static-type arc can occur when grounds are applied to such cables.
9.9.1. Treated As Hot: All UD cables and equipment including services that have been energized or could become energized from any source, must be considered as energized until the equipment is positively proven to be de-energized and has been grounded.
9.9.2. Required Steps: Before working on de-energized primary circuits or equipment the following steps must be accomplished:
A visible open (break) shall be provided A voltage test shall be made The equipment shall be grounded.
9.9.3. Backfeed Mitigation: When work is performed on equipment or cables of an underground system, precautions to prevent backfeed shall be taken. This must include grounding of secondary conductors. 9.9.4. Grounding Requirements: De-energized cables to be worked on must be grounded at a point as close to the work as possible. 9.9.5. Voltage Restrictions: All underground cables and apparatus energized at levels above six-hundred (600) volts must be de-energized and grounded before cables are cut into or spliced. 9.9.6. De-Energized Required: All conductors of a circuit must be de-energized when work is to be performed on any of them.
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9.10. Working on Energized UD Equipment: When work is performed on cables or
apparatus energized at less than six-hundred (600) volts, employees must take extra precautions in the use of rubber protective equipment, in observing adequate clearances and in using proper tools in order to prevent short circuits. 9.10.1. Security: When energized UD equipment is unlocked and open, it must be directly attended by a worker. It must be kept closed and secured at all other times. 9.10.2. Opening System Neutrals: A primary or secondary system neutral on any energized circuit must not be opened under any circumstances unless it has been by-passed by an approved mechanical jumper. 9.10.3. Approved Connectors: Only those connectors designed and approved for load break use shall be used to connect or disconnect an energized unit. 9.10.4. Insulated Tools Required: Only tools with insulated handles may be used for making energized secondary connections or when work is performed within energized service pedestals, padmount compartments or submarine transformer enclosures. 9.10.5. One-Conductor Restriction: Only one (1) energized secondary or service conductor shall be worked on at a time and protective devices must be used to insulate or isolate it from all other conductors. 9.10.6. Clothing Requirements: A shirt, jumper or coverall with full-length rolled down sleeves must be worn when work is performed on any energized UD cable or apparatus. FR clothing shall be worn as required by SOP S-299. 9.10.7. Exposed Cables: Energized cables must not be left exposed without a qualified “Safety Watch” present or the cables are mechanically protected by an approved method.
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VEHICLE OPERATIONS SECTION 10 Overview: This section covers the operation of all utility owned vehicles, aerial lifts, man-baskets and material handling equipment. Scope: The contents of this section apply to all work areas and activities. 10.0. General: Only those employees who are specifically authorized and possess a valid license for the equipment being used shall operate company-owned or rented vehicles.
10.0.1. Driver’s Responsibilities: Drivers must know and obey all state and local motor vehicle laws applicable to the operation of their vehicle.
10.0.2. Safest Speed: The driver must safely operate his vehicle at a speed no greater than that permitted by law. Traffic, road and weather conditions must be given ample consideration when determining the safest speed within the legal limits of the law.
10.0.3. Unauthorized Persons: A driver shall not permit unauthorized persons to drive, operate or ride in or on an ML&P vehicle.
10.0.4. Seat Belts: For vehicles and equipment with installed seat belts, employees and authorized guests are required to wear them at all times while the vehicle is in motion.
10.0.5. Passenger Requirements: Employees must not permit anyone to ride on the running boards, fenders, in the back of pickups or any part of the vehicle except on the seats designed for that purpose. Passengers shall not stand in moving vehicles.
10.0.6. Trailers: Employees shall not ride on trailers.
10.0.7. Vehicles in Motion: Employees must not jump on or off vehicles in motion.
10.0.8. CDL Requirements: Any driver who operates an ML&P motor vehicle or combination of motor vehicle and trailer on a public roadway, having a gross weight of twenty-six-thousand-one (26,001) pounds or greater, must have the appropriate valid Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) with applicable endorsements.
10.0.9. Any driver who operates an ML&P motor vehicle or combination of motor vehicle and trailer on a public roadway, having a gross weight of ten-thousand-one (10,001) pounds or greater must have an appropriate valid driver’s license.
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10.0.10. Hazardous Material: Any driver transporting placarded amounts of hazardous material must have the appropriate endorsement.
10.1. Inspection of Equipment: Prior to operation of ML&P’s vehicles or equipment, the operator must verify that all safety equipment associated with the vehicles or equipment is installed and functioning properly. If there are any deficiencies such as improper function or missing parts, the operator should not use the vehicle or equipment and notify the vehicle maintenance section immediately.
10.1.1. Brakes: The driver must determine that brakes are functioning properly
before operating any vehicles or equipment. If brakes are not working properly, they must be corrected before vehicles or equipment is used.
10.1.2. Windshield Wipers: The driver must inspect windshield wipers frequently to see that they are in good operating condition and that the windows and windshield give sufficient visibility for safe operation of the vehicle.
10.1.3. Lights and Reflectors: All lights and reflectors of a vehicle must be inspected by the driver and if found defective, they must be repaired immediately.
10.1.4. Reporting: The driver must report any defects which may have developed
during the day. Any item that affects the safe operation of the vehicle must be repaired prior to continued vehicle operation.
10.1.5. Red Tags: Any vehicle with defects that would affect safe operation must be “Red Tagged” out of service, not operated and reported immediately.
10.1.6. Trailers and Equipment: All trailers and towing equipment must be inspected for proper function prior to use.
10.2. Exhaust Gas: A driver must not operate a motor vehicle inside any garage except when driving in or out. The engine must not be warmed up inside a garage nor shall the driver test motor operation in a garage unless the exhaust gas is carried directly to outside atmosphere.
10.2.1. Idling Near Buildings: Vehicles must not be left running for extended
periods while parked directly adjacent to occupied buildings. 10.3. Operation: 10.3.1. Signaling: The operator of a motor vehicle must clearly signal their
intention of turning, passing or stopping.
10.3.2. Emergency Vehicles: Upon seeing emergency lights from a vehicle approaching from the rear, the driver of a company vehicle must yield the right of way.
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10.3.3. Yielding: Drivers shall be prepared to stop and yield the right of way in all instances where necessary to avoid an accident.
10.3.4. Appropriate Behavior: The driver of a vehicle must be courteous toward other operators and pedestrians. The driver must operate the vehicle in a safe manner and shall yield the right of way to pedestrians and other vehicles when failure to do so might endanger any person or another vehicle.
10.3.5. Following Distance: The driver must stay a sufficient distance behind when following another vehicle so that they can safely stop their vehicle in the clear distance ahead. This is accomplished by using the two (2)-second rule. The two (2)-second rule requires that a reference point be selected where the vehicle in front passes and then it should be a two (2)-second time lapse before the vehicle in back passes the same point. In bad weather conditions such as rain, ice or snow, the two (2)-second time should be extended to three (3) seconds or more depending on the road conditions.
10.3.6. Defensive Driving: Always practice good defensive driving techniques.
10.3.7. Cell Phones: Cell phones should not be used while driving unless they are “hands-free”. It is strongly recommended that employees pull over to talk.
10.3.8. Headlights: The use of headlights at all times is recommended.
10.3.9. Towing Requirements: When towing, all appropriate safety devices including the following equipment must be used at all times:
Chains Hitch pins Breakaway connections Pintle hook safety pins
10.4. Parking:
10.4.1. Parking on Roadways: When vehicles must be parked on the roadway, they should be parked on the right hand side facing in the direction of traffic flow, whenever possible.
10.4.2. Warning Devices Required: When parking on a roadway, vehicles must
park off the traveled road surface, whenever possible. When vehicles must park closer than ten (10) feet to the traveled road surface, appropriate warning devices shall be used.
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10.4.3. Trucks or Trailers: Trucks or trailers stopped on any public roadway must be protected by proper warning lights, reflectors or red flags in accordance with DOT requirements.
10.4.4. Bridges: Vehicles must not be parked on bridges or over culverts except when necessary for work.
10.4.5. Inclines: When it is necessary to park on an incline, the driver must make sure the vehicle is left in a safe position. The engine must be turned off, the vehicle placed in the lowest gear or “park” position and the parking brake set. The front wheels shall be cut (turned) into the curb or if a curb is not present, the rear wheels should be chocked.
Figure 10-1 Hill Parking
10.5. Backing:
10.5.1. Positioning: Whenever possible, the vehicle should be positioned to avoid the necessity of backing later.
10.5.2. Spotters: Extreme caution must be exercised when backing a vehicle to avoid injury to persons and to prevent property damage. If another employee is present, they must be stationed at the rear of the vehicle as a spotter to assist the driver in backing the vehicle safely.
10.5.3. Obstructed View: When backing a vehicle which has an obstructed view, one (1) or more of the following techniques must be used:
A reverse signal (back-up alarm) audible above the surrounding noise level must be used.
An observer shall signal that it is safe to back. Back slowly. Watch both sides but do not depend entirely on mirrors. In any difficult backing situation, enlist the help of another person on
the ground as a guide, when such help is available.
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10.6. Stopping on Highways: 10.6.1. Prohibited Activity: Stopping on highways should be avoided.
10.6.2. Warning Signals Required: When it is absolutely necessary to stop on the highway, extreme caution must be used. Warning signals and lights shall be used and include the following:
Rotating beacon shall be used, if vehicle is so equipped. Tail lights/emergency flashers must be used. Flares or reflectors shall be placed to give adequate advance
warning. If work is in progress, traffic control devices together with flagmen,
where necessary, shall be used. 10.7. Material Hauling: 10.7.1. Flagging and Lights: Material extending more than five feet beyond the
front or back of a truck or trailer, must be marked by a red flag during the day and illuminated devices at night. As an additional precaution, warning flags and lights may be placed in the center of long loads.
10.7.2 Long Objects: Poles, ladders, pipe and long objects must be loaded parallel with the truck length and shall not extend beyond the normal sides of the vehicle.
10.7.3. Securing Poles: Poles loaded on a truck or trailer will be securely fastened as required by DOT regulations.
10.7.4. Riding Prohibited: Employees must not ride on pole dollies or trailers.
10.7.5. Loading and Unloading: The wheels of the transporting vehicle must be blocked or securely chocked prior to loading and/or unloading operations.
10.7.6. Escort Vehicles: When hauling long poles in congested areas or heavy traffic conditions, escort vehicles displaying suitable warning signs should be utilized.
10.8. Industrial Trucks and Fork Lifts:
10.8.1. Qualified Operators: Only current certified and trained operators shall operate industrial trucks.
10.8.2. Faulty Equipment: Brakes and controls must be tested prior to use.
Equipment with faulty brakes, mechanical or electrical defects must not be
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operated, it must be removed from service, “Red Tagged” and reported immediately.
10.8.3. Safe Speeds: Equipment must always be operated at a safe speed for existing conditions.
10.8.4. Clearances: Before moving the equipment, the operator must make sure that no person or objects are in the path of the vehicle. Clearances in all directions, particularly overhead, shall always be checked.
10.8.5. Fueling: Industrial trucks must not be fueled with the engine running.
10.8.6. Fork Positioning; When lifting a load with a forklift, the forks shall be set squarely and as far under the load as possible. Loads should not be raised or lowered while traveling. While loaded or empty, forks should always be carried as low as possible, but high enough to clear uneven surfaces.
10.8.7. Prohibited Activity: Loads must not be suspended or swung over other persons. Standing or walking under elevated forks is prohibited.
10.8.8. Operator Positioning: The operator must always face in the direction of travel.
10.8.9. Inclines: On inclines, all types of loaded lift trucks shall be driven with the load on the upgrade side of the driver whether ascending or descending.
10.8.10. Sudden Stops: Sudden stops which might spill the load must be avoided.
10.8.11. Securing Loads: All loads must be securely fastened or safely positioned to prevent tipping or falling.
10.8.12. Securing Pins: Lift bars on fork lift trucks which are movable or replaceable must be firmly in place by a proper securing pin. Improvised devices such as a threaded bolt, is prohibited.
10.8.13. Approved Attachments: Only attachments provided by or approved by the manufacturer may be used. Such attachments must be properly secured. Improvised methods shall not be used.
10.8.14. Rider’s Restrictions: Only the operator may ride in the truck, forklift or other equipment unless additional factory installed seats are provided for passengers.
10.8.15. Unattended Trucks: When an industrial truck is left unattended (the operator is at least twenty-five (25) feet away or the vehicle is not in his view), the load engaging means shall be fully lowered, controls shall be neutralized, power
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shall be shut off and brakes set. Wheels must be chocked when the truck is parked on an incline.
10.8.16. Internal Combustion Engine Equipment: Equipment with internal combustion engines shall not be operated in enclosed areas for prolonged periods of time so as not to exceed the allowable levels of carbon monoxide.
10.8.17. Loading and Unloading: When loading or unloading trucks, approved dock-boards, properly secured, shall be used. The wheels of the truck shall be chocked.
10.9. Cranes, Derricks and Hoisting Equipment:
10.9.1. Authorized Personnel: Only authorized persons shall be permitted in the cab or on the equipment. Only those designated persons who are trained and qualified shall operate the hoisting equipment.
10.9.2. Riding Prohibited: Riding the hook, sling or load of any hoisting equipment is prohibited.
10.9.3. Load Limits: Load limits as specified by the manufacturer shall not be exceeded under any circumstances.
10.9.4. Special Instructions: Rated load capacities, recommended operating speeds, special hazard warnings or instructions, shall be conspicuously posted on all equipment. Instructions or warnings shall be visible to the operator while he is at his control station.
10.9.5. Manufacturer’s Procedures: Operating and maintenance procedures as specified by the manufacturer shall be followed.
10.9.6. Frequent Inspections: A designated competent person shall inspect all machinery and equipment prior to each use and during use to make sure it is in safe operating condition. Any deficiencies shall be repaired or defective parts replaced before continued use.
10.9.7. Annual Inspections: An annual inspection of the hoisting machinery shall be made by a competent person or by a government or private agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Labor. The employer shall maintain a record of the dates and results of inspections for each piece of equipment.
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10.9.8. Removal from Service: Wire rope shall be taken out of service when any of the following conditions exist:
Running Ropes: When there are six (6) randomly distributed broken
wires in one lay or three broken wires in one strand in one lay. When wear down to one-third (1/3) of the original diameter of the
outside individual wires occurs. When kinking, crushing, bird caging or any other damage resulting in distortion of the rope structure is evident.
When there is evidence of heat damage. When evidence shows there are reductions from nominal diameters
of more than one-sixty-fourth (1/64) of an inch for diameters up to and including five-sixteenths (5/16) of an inch; when evidence shows there are reductions of one-thirty-second (1/32) of an inch for diameters three-eighths (3/8) of an inch up to and including one-half (1/2) of an inch; when evidence shows there are reductions of three-sixty-fourths (3/64) of an inch for diameters nine-sixteenths (9/16) of an inch up to and including three-fourths (3/4) of an inch; when evidence shows there are reductions of one-sixteenth (1/16) of an inch for diameters seven-eighths (7/8) of an inch up to one-and-one-eighth (1&1/8) inches inclusive and; when evidence shows there are reductions of three-thirty-seconds (3/32) of an inch for diameters one-and-one-fourth (1&1/4) inches up to one-and one-half (1&1/2) inches inclusive.
Standing ropes: When there are more than two (2) broken wires in one (1) lay in sections beyond end connections or more than one (1) broken wire at an end connection.
Wire rope safety factors must be in accordance with American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) B30.5-1968 or SAE J959-1966. 10.9.9. Exposed Moving Parts: Belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles,
drums, fly wheels, chains or other reciprocating and rotating parts or equipment must be guarded if such parts are exposed to contact by employees or otherwise create a hazard.
10.9.10. Crane Swing Radius Protected: Accessible areas within the swing radius of the rotating superstructure or counterweight of a crane, shall be barricaded in such a manner as to prevent an employee from being struck or crushed by the crane.
10.9.11. Window Glass: All windows in cabs shall be constructed from safety glass or the equivalent that introduces no visible distortion that will interfere with the safe operation of the machine.
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10.9.12. Minimum Checklist: The following comprises a minimum checklist which shall be performed daily prior to use:
All control mechanisms inspected for correct adjustment to insure
proper operation. All safety devices inspected for proper operation. Hydraulic and air systems inspected for deterioration or leakage
problems. A fire extinguisher of a 5BC rating or higher shall be available at all
operator stations or cabs of equipment.
10.9.13. First Lift: For the first lift of each day, the load shall be test-lifted (load lifted a few inches off the ground) and the winch line brakes checked.
10.9.14. Slings & Bindings: For every load, the slings and bindings that are used shall be checked and readjusted as necessary to insure safety and stability.
10.9.15. Annual Inspections: All slings and other fittings shall be of sufficient strength, proper type and safe for their intended use. All slings, lifting devices and hardware must be inspected at least annually and accurate records kept of these inspections.
10.9.16. Designated Person: Only the designated person shall give hand signals to the equipment operator. The operator shall; however, obey a “Stop” signal given by anyone. Hand signals to crane operators shall be those prescribed by the applicable ANSI standard for the type of crane in use.
10.9.17. Employee Restrictions: No employee shall be under a suspended load or inside the angle (bite) of a winch line. No employee shall stand or work near a cable, chain or rope under tension.
10.9.18. Hand Guiding Prohibited: Winch lines, ropes or wire cables shall not be guided by hand when standing within reach of the drum or sheave.
10.9.19. Wire Rope Loops: Proper splicing or mechanical clamping of wire-rope loops shall be made by clamping the tail section. Wire rope clamps shall not be used to form eyes in wire rope bridles or slings. Knots shall not be used in wire ropes for any purpose.
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Figure 10-2
Wire Rope Clamping
10.9.20. Proper Clamping: When U-bolt wire rope clamps are used to form eyes in winch lines, the number used and the spacing provided shall be in accordance with Figure 10-2. The U-bolt shall be applied so that the U section is in contact with the dead end of the rope.
10.9.21. Operator Requirements: Operators shall not leave their position at the controls of cranes, hoists, derricks or other lifting devices while the load is suspended.
10.9.22. Tag Lines: All loads shall be controlled with tag lines with a minimum size of one-half (½) inch in diameter.
10.9.23. Reference Material: For sizes of cables and load capacities see the appropriate rigging handbook.
10.10. Rope (Synthetic Fiber and Manila):
10.10.1. Rope Care: A rope shall not be overloaded or dragged over rough or sharp objects.
10.10.2. Sharp Surfaces: Short bends over sharp-edged surfaces should be avoided. 10.10.3. Kinks: Kinks shall be removed before any strain is put on a rope.
10.10.4. Rope Storage: When not in use, rope shall be dried and stored properly and kept free from mechanical damage, excessive heat and dryness.
10.10.5. Rope Inspections: Rope shall be examined regularly for cuts, worn spots, burns and rot. The rope shall be untwisted at various places and inspected for poor fiber condition and dry rot.
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10.10.6. Rope Appearance: The outward appearance of rope shall not be accepted as proof of quality and strength.
10.10.7. Rope Loading: The safe loading capacities of rope shall not be exceeded. See the appropriate rigging handbook.
10.11. Cranes, Derricks, Hoisting Equipment around Electrical Lines:
10.11.1. Required Clearances: Where electrical distribution and transmission power lines have not been de-energized and visibly grounded or where insulating barriers are neither a part of nor an attachment to the equipment or machinery and have been erected to prevent physical contact with the energized lines, equipment or machines may be operated in proximity to power lines only in accordance with the following clearance requirements:
For lines energized up to fifty (50) kV, the minimum clearance
between the lines and any part of the crane or load shall be ten (10) feet.
For lines energized above fifty (50) kV, the minimum clearance between the lines and any part of the crane or load shall be ten (10) feet plus four-tenths (0.4) of an inch for each one (1) kV over fifty (50) kV or twice the length of the line insulator, but never less than ten (10) feet.
During transit with no load and boom lowered, the equipment clearance from overhead electrical power lines shall be a minimum of four (4) feet for voltages up to fifty (50) kV and ten (10) feet for voltages over fifty (50) kV up to and including three-hundred-forty-five (345) kV.
A qualified person shall be designated to observe required clearances of the equipment from the power lines and give timely warning for all operations where it is difficult for the operator to maintain the desired clearances by visual means.
Cage-type boom guards, insulating links or proximity warning devices may be used on cranes but the use of such devices shall not alter the requirements of any other regulation even if such device is required by law or regulation.
Any overhead wire shall be considered to be energized unless the utility owning the line verifies that it is not an energized line and it has been visibly grounded.
10.11.1.1. Transmitter Towers: Prior to working near transmitter towers where an electrical charge can be induced in the equipment or materials being handled, the transmitter shall be de-energized or tests shall be made to determine if an
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electrical charge is induced on the crane. The following precautions shall be taken when necessary to dissipate induced voltages:
The equipment shall be provided with an electrical ground directly to the upper rotating structure supporting the boom.
Ground jumper cables shall be attached to materials being handled by boom equipment when an electrical charge is induced while working near energized transmitters. Crews shall be provided with nonconductive poles having large alligator clips or other similar protection to attach the ground cable to the load.
Combustible and flammable materials shall be removed from the immediate area prior to operations.
10.12. Man-Baskets and Personnel Platforms:
10.12.1. Crane Hoisting Personnel Platforms: The use of a crane to hoist employees on a personnel platform is prohibited with the following exceptions: when the erection, use of and dismantling of any conventional means of reaching the worksite (such as a personnel hoist, ladder, stairway, aerial lift, elevating work platform or scaffold) would be more hazardous or is not possible because of structural design or worksite conditions.
10.12.2. Lifting Requirements: Hoisting of the personnel platform shall be performed in a slow, controlled, cautious manner with no sudden movements of the crane or the platform.
10.12.3. Load line Ratings: Load lines shall be capable of supporting at least seven (7) times the maximum intended load of the personnel platform.
10.12.4. Parking Brakes & Dogs: Load and boom hoist drum brakes, swing brakes and locking devices such as pawls or dogs shall be engaged when the occupied personnel platform is in a stationary working position.
10.12.5. Crane Set-Up: The crane shall be leveled within one (1) percent of level grade and located on firm footing. Cranes equipped with outriggers shall have all outriggers fully deployed in conformance to the manufacturer's specifications, insofar as applicable, when hoisting employees.
10.12.6. Total Load Limits: The total weight of the loaded personnel platform and related rigging shall not exceed fifty (50) percent of the rated capacity for the radius and configuration of the crane or derrick.
10.12.7. Live Booms Prohibited: The use of machines having live booms (booms in which lowering is controlled by a brake without aid from other devices which slow the lowering speeds) is prohibited.
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10.13. Instrument Requirements for Man-Baskets and Personnel Platforms:
10.13.1. Angle Indicators: Cranes with variable angle booms shall be equipped with a boom angle indicator, readily visible to the operator.
10.13.2. Telescoping Boom Length Indicators: Cranes with telescoping booms shall be equipped with a device to indicate clearly to the operator, at all times, the boom's extended length or an accurate determination of the load radius to be used during the lift shall be made prior to hoisting personnel.
10.13.3. Two-Blocking Safety Device: A positive acting device shall be used which prevents contact between the load block or overhaul ball and the boom tip (anti-two-blocking device) or a system shall be used which deactivates the hoisting action before damage occurs in the event of a two-blocking situation.
10.13.4. Power Lowering Requirement: The load line hoist drum shall have a system or device on the power train, other than the load hoist brake, which regulates the lowering rate of speed of the hoist mechanism (controlled load lowering). Free fall is prohibited.
10.14. Personnel Platforms:
10.14.1. Platform Access Gates: Access gates on platforms, if installed, shall not swing outward during hoisting.
10.14.2. Headroom Requirements: Headroom shall be provided which allows employees to stand upright in the platform. 10.14.3. Head Protection: In addition to the use of hard hats, employees shall be protected by overhead protection on the personnel platform when employees are exposed to falling objects.
10.14.4. Rough Edges: All rough edges exposed to contact by employees shall be surfaced or smoothed in order to prevent injury to employees from punctures or lacerations.
10.14.5. Qualified Welders Required: All welding operations on the personnel platform and its components shall be performed by a qualified welder familiar with the weld grades, types and material specified in the platform design.
10.14.6. Required Placards: The personnel platform shall be conspicuously posted with a plate or other permanent marking which indicates the weight of the platform and its rated load capacity or maximum intended load.
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10.14.7. Load Limits: The personnel platform shall not be loaded in excess of its rated load capacity. When a personnel platform does not have a rated load capacity then the personnel platform shall not be loaded in excess of its maximum intended load.
10.14.8. Maximum Occupants: The number of employees occupying the personnel platform shall not exceed the number required for the work being performed.
10.14.9. Use Restrictions: Personnel platforms shall be used only for employees, their tools, materials necessary to perform their work and shall not be used to hoist materials or tools when not hoisting personnel.
10.14.10. Securing: Materials and tools lifted in conjunction with a personnel lift shall be secured to prevent displacement.
10.14.11. Even Load Distribution: Materials and tools lifted in conjunction with a personnel lift shall be evenly distributed within the confines of the platform while the platform is suspended.
10.14.12. Use of Bridles: When a wire rope bridle is used to connect the personnel platform to the load line, each bridle leg shall be connected to a master link or shackle in such a manner to ensure that the load is evenly divided among the bridle legs.
10.14.13. Rigging Restrictions: Bridles and associated rigging for attaching the personnel platform to the hoist line shall be used only for the platform, the necessary employees, their tools and the materials to do their work and shall not be used for any other purpose when not hoisting personnel.
10.14.14. Trial Lift: A trial lift with the unoccupied personnel platform loaded at least to the anticipated lift weight shall be made from ground level or any other location where employees will enter the platform to each location at which the personnel platform is to be hoisted and positioned. This trial lift shall be performed immediately prior to placing personnel on the platform. The operator shall determine that all systems, controls and safety devices are activated and functioning properly, that no interferences exist and that all configurations necessary to reach those work locations will allow the operator to remain under the fifty (50) percent limit of the hoist's rated capacity. Materials and tools to be used during the actual lift can be loaded on the platform. A single trial lift may be performed at one (1) time for all locations that are to be reached from a single set up position.
10.14.15. Subsequent Trial Lift: The trial lift shall be repeated prior to hoisting employees whenever the crane or derrick is moved and set up in a new location or returned to a previously used location. The trial lift shall be repeated when the lift route is changed unless the operator determines that the route change is not
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significant (i.e. the route change would not negatively affect the safety of hoisted employees).
10.14.16. Post Trial Lift: After the trial lift, and just prior to hoisting personnel, the platform shall be hoisted a few inches and inspected to ensure that it is secure and properly balanced. Employees shall not be hoisted unless the following conditions exist:
Hoist ropes shall be free of kinks. Multiple part lines shall not be twisted around each other. The primary attachment shall be centered over the platform. The hoisting system shall be inspected if the load rope is slack to
ensure all ropes are properly wrapped on drums and in sheaves. A visual inspection of the crane, rigging, personnel platform and the
crane base support or ground shall be conducted by a competent person immediately after the trial lift to determine whether the testing has exposed any defect or produced any adverse effect upon any component or structure.
Any defects found during inspections which create a safety hazard, shall be corrected before hoisting personnel.
10.14.17. Proof Testing: At each job site, prior to hoisting employees on a personnel platform and after any repair or modification, the platform and rigging shall be proof tested to one-hundred-twenty-five (125) percent of the platform's rated capacity by holding it in a suspended position for five (5) minutes with the test load evenly distributed on the platform. This may be done concurrently with the trial lift. After proof testing, a competent person shall inspect the platform and rigging. Any deficiencies found shall be corrected and another proof test shall be conducted. Personnel hoisting shall not be conducted until the proof testing requirements are satisfied.
10.14.18. Employee Restrictions: Employees shall keep all parts of their bodies inside the platform during raising, lowering and positioning.
10.14.19. Platform Securing: Before employees exit or enter a hoisted personnel platform that is not landed, the platform shall be secured to the structure where the work is to be performed, unless securing to the structure creates an unsafe situation.
10.14.20. Tag Line Use: Tag lines shall be used to control the personnel platform during lifting operations unless their use creates an unsafe condition.
10.14.21. Operator Responsibilities: The crane operator shall remain at the controls at all times when the crane engine is running and the platform is occupied.
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10.14.22. Hoisting Discontinued: Hoisting of employees shall be promptly discontinued upon indication of any dangerous weather conditions or other impending danger.
10.14.23. Direct Communications: Employees being hoisted shall remain in continuous sight of and in direct communication with the operator or signal person. In those situations where direct visual contact with the operator is impossible and the use of a signal person would create a greater hazard for that person, direct communication alone such as by radio may be used.
10.14.24. Fall Arrest System: Except over water, employees occupying the personnel platform shall use a fall arrest system appropriately attached to the lower load block, overhaul ball or to a structural member within the personnel platform capable of supporting a fall impact for employees using the anchorage.
10.14.25. Multiple Lifts Prohibited: No lifts shall be made with any other of the crane's or derrick's load lines while personnel are suspended on a platform.
10.14.26. Hoisting Restrictions: Hoisting of employees while the crane is traveling is prohibited.
10.14.27. Pre-Lift Meeting Required: A meeting attended by the crane operator, signal person(s) (if necessary for the lift), employee(s) to be lifted and the person responsible for the task to be performed shall be held to review the appropriate requirements and the procedures to be followed. This meeting shall be held prior to the trial lift at each new work location and shall be repeated for any employees newly assigned to the operation.
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Figure 10-3
Standard Power Crane /Derrick Hand Signals
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10.15. Aerial Lifts:
10.15.1. Authorized Persons: Only authorized persons who are trained and qualified shall use or operate this equipment.
10.15.2. Instruction Manuals: The operating and maintenance instruction manuals issued by the manufacturer shall be followed.
10.15.3. Load Limitations: Load limits of the boom and basket shall not be exceeded. Shock loading (sudden stops or starts) of the equipment shall be avoided.
10.15.4. Equipment Alterations: Aerial lifts shall not be “field modified” unless such modification is certified by the manufacturer. The insulated portion shall not be altered in any manner that might reduce its insulating value.
10.15.5. Daily Testing: Prior to use, the equipment shall be given a warm-up period. The hydraulic system and the lift controls shall be checked and tested daily before use to determine such features are in safe working condition. Malfunctions or unsafe operational conditions shall be reported. Equipment which is not in proper operational condition shall not be used.
10.15.6. Dual Controls Required: Articulating booms and extendible boom platforms designed primarily as personnel carriers, shall have both platform (upper) and lower controls. Lower level controls shall not be operated unless permission has been obtained from the employee on the platform, except in case of emergency.
10.15.7. Boom Stowage: The truck shall not be moved unless the boom is lowered, the basket cradled and secured and the outriggers retracted.
10.15.8. Bucket Riding Limitations: Employees shall not ride in the bucket while the boom is elevated in a working position and traveling. The only exception to this rule is where equipment has been specifically designed for this type of operation.
10.15.9. Chocks and Brakes: When employees are in the bucket of an aerial lift, the emergency brake of the vehicle shall be set. Wheel chocks or outriggers shall be used to provide added protection. When the vehicle is on an incline, wheel chocks shall be used regardless of whether or not outriggers are used. The truck should sit approximately level when viewed from the rear.
10.15.10. Outrigger Use: When outriggers are used, they shall be set on pads or a solid surface.
10.15.11. Fall Arrest Required: When working from an aerial lift, employees shall not belt off to an adjacent pole or structure. A fall arrest system such as a harness and lanyard shall be worn and attached to the boom or eyehook that has been designed for that purpose.
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10.15.12. Safety Rules Applicability: Safety rules governing the use of hot-line tools, rubber goods, personal protective equipment and general safe practices shall also apply to work done from aerial baskets.
10.15.13. Working near Traffic: When a boom must be maneuvered over a street or highway, necessary precautions shall be taken to avoid accidents with traffic and pedestrians.
10.15.14. Operator Positioning: The operator shall always face in the direction in which the basket is moving, and he shall see that the path of the boom or basket is clear when it is being moved.
10.15.15. Employee Restrictions: Employees shall not stand or sit on the top edge of the basket or on ladders placed in the basket. The employees’ feet shall be on the floor of the basket the entire time they are in it.
10.15.16. Climbers Prohibited: Employees shall not wear climbers while working in the basket.
10.15.17. Two Workers: When two (2) workers are in the basket or baskets, only one (1) of them shall be designated to operate the controls and only one (1) shall give signals which should be thoroughly understood by all persons concerned.
10.15.18. Different Potentials: When two (2) linemen are working from the basket, extreme care shall be taken to prevent one (1) lineman from contacting poles, crossarms, grounded or live equipment while the other lineman is working on equipment at a different potential.
10.15.19. One Conductor Rule: In no case shall more than one (1) energized conductor or phase be worked at a time.
10.15.20. Proper Clearances: The aerial lift (bucket or basket), together with the linemen, all tools and equipment shall maintain proper clearances from unprotected energized conductors.
10.15.21. Tangling; When using pneumatic or hydraulic tools in a bucket, the operator shall be sure that hoses or lines do not become entangled in the operational controls.
10.15.22. Grounded or Barricaded: Unless the vehicle is equipped with lower boom and pedestal insulation rated for the voltage being worked, aerial basket vehicles working adjacent to energized primary shall be properly grounded or barricaded and treated as energized.
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10.16. Heavy Equipment:
10.16.1. Trained Personnel; Only trained and qualified personnel shall operate heavy equipment.
10.16.2. Operating Requirements: Equipment will only be operated in accordance with the manufacturers operating instructions.
10.16.3. Daily Pre-Flight: Equipment operators shall always perform a complete functional check of the equipment prior to each days use.
10.16.4. Operator’s Responsibilities: Equipment operators will ensure that the operating area is free of obstructions and hazards that would affect the safe operation of the equipment.
10.16.5. Reporting Deficiencies: All equipment deficiencies will be reported to ML&Ps’ Vehicle Maintenance Shop.
10.16.6. Notification: Equipment with a safety deficiency shall not be operated, must be “Red Tagged” and reported immediately.
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FIRE PROTECTION SECTION 11 Overview: This section covers portable fire extinguishers, fire detection and fire extinguishing systems. Scope: The contents of this section affect and apply to all work areas in ML&P. 11.0. Portable Fire Extinguishers: Incipient fires are the only type of fires that
extinguishment shall be attempted. The primary concern is the safety of the employee.
11.0.1. Familiarity: Employees must be familiar with both the location and the
operation of all fire extinguishing equipment in the vicinity of their work area. 11.0.2. Required Training: All employees trained in the use of fire extinguishers
must know the classes of fire, their burning characteristics and the proper extinguishing agent to be used.
Class “A” fires involve normal combustibles such as wood and paper.
Extinguishing agents include water, soda-acid and multipurpose dry chemical.
Class “B” fires involve oils and flammable liquids. Extinguishing agents include CO2 and dry chemical.
Class “C” fires involve electrical equipment. Extinguishing agents include CO2 and dry chemical.
Halon 1301, Halon 1211, FE36, CO2 and Inergen are gaseous extinguishing agents suitable for combating both Class “B” and Class “C” fires, especially at closed indoor locations. Employees must exit the area immediately if in the location of discharge.
11.0.3. Confined Spaces: Employees must not enter confined spaces after using a
gaseous extinguisher until the area has been thoroughly ventilated.
11.0.4. Designated Location: Fire extinguishing equipment must remain in its designated location at all times. Except for when in actual use, employees shall not move or remove such equipment without proper authorization. 11.0.5. Mounting Requirements: Except for wheeled type equipment, all fire extinguishers shall be mounted with their tops no higher than five (5) feet and their bottoms no lower than four (4) inches from floor. 11.0.6. Inspection and Documentation: Portable fire extinguishers must be visually inspected monthly. These inspections must be documented. 11.0.7. Annual Maintenance: Portable fire extinguishers shall receive required maintenance annually.
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11.0.8. Discharge Reporting: The discharge of any portable fire extinguisher must be reported to the safety office within twenty-four (24) hours of the discharge.
11.1. Fire Detection Systems: All fire detection systems must be maintained in a fully operable condition at all times except during maintenance and repairs. 11.1.1. Maintenance & Repairs: During maintenance or repairs, every effort to expedite the same and return the fire detection system to fully operable condition, must be made as soon as possible. 11.1.2. Protection: Fire detection systems must be protected from damage at all times. 11.2. Automatic Sprinkler Systems: The piping and sprinkler heads of automatic sprinkler systems must be protected from freezing and damage at all times. 11.2.1. Clearances: A minimum vertical clearance between sprinkler heads and any materials below the heads shall be eighteen (18) inches. 11.2.2. Locked Open: All automatic sprinkler system control valves must be locked in the fully open position at all times. 11.2.3. Flow Tests: Automatic sprinkler systems must receive a main drain flow test annually. 11.3. Fixed Extinguishing Systems: If for any reason a fixed extinguishing system
becomes inoperable, all affected employees must be notified of the condition of the system and also notified upon its return to operable status.
11.3.1. Annual Inspections: Fixed extinguishing systems must be inspected annually and protected from damage at all times.
11.3.2. Access Required: Access to manual activation and abort stations must be kept clear at all times.
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POWER GENERATION PLANTS SECTION 12 Overview: This section covers a wide range of work involving power generation and power generation facilities. Scope: The contents of this section apply to all work areas and activities. 12.0. General:
12.0.1. Qualified Escorts: Qualified employees shall accompany unqualified persons in power plants and around company properties where life, service or property might be endangered. 12.0.2. Notification Required: All employees entering a power plant, except employees regularly working at the plant, shall immediately notify the plant operator via radio or phone upon their arrival. 12.0.3. Gauge Glasses: Employees shall not work on gauge glasses until pressure has been relieved. Gauge glasses shall be pressurized carefully with only authorized personnel present. 12.0.4. Steam Line Work Restrictions: Steam lines shall not be worked on while under pressure except for applying sealant with proper tools and materials. 12.0.5. Control of Hazardous Energy: An essential part of working on equipment, machinery or systems is to positively control energy releases that could be hazardous to employees. Hazardous energy can be in the form of mechanical, electrical, radiant, thermal and compressed gas. No matter what its form, an uncontrolled release of energy can cause unexpected harm to workers and equipment. To ensure the safety of personnel working on equipment where the potential for uncontrolled energy releases exist, the “Lock-Out/Tag-Out” procedure in S-69 shall be used in all power plants.
12.0.6. Relieving Pressure: Before dismantling valves, flanges or similar apparatus associated with boilers, pressure vessels or pressure piping, the pressure must be relieved, vented and the equipment adequately drained and cooled. 12.0.7. Hot Work All “Hot Work” performed in the power plant shall have a “Hot Work” permit issued prior to beginning the work. See Section 2.22. 12.0.8. Capping: Any process line that has pressure or the potential to have pressure shall be capped.
12.0.9. Gratings: When working on or above an open grating, a suitable covering shall be used to cover the grating in order to prevent tools or parts from dropping to
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a lower level. The work area shall be protected or the danger area shall be barricaded when gratings are removed.
12.1. Entering Confined Spaces: See Section 3 of this manual.
12.1.1. See SOP S-146 for entering a permit required confined space. 12.2. Boilers:
12.2.1. Personnel Notification: When the economizer and bottom blow-down valves are operated, all personnel shall be notified of the hazard. 12.2.2. Safety Valve Restrictions: Employees shall neither work on safety valves while the boiler is under pressure except to make necessary adjustments, nor shall they work near unvented safety valves while the boiler is under pressure. 12.2.3. Work Restricted: Leaky manholes, handhole plates and bolted flanges on steam lines shall not be worked on under pressure. 12.2.4. Repairing Boiler Water Columns: Before a boiler water column is repaired or adjusted, the upper and lower shut-off valves shall be closed and the drain opened to release the pressure. Before placing a boiler water column in service, all personnel shall place themselves so that if the gauge glass should rupture, the employee would not be in direct line of steam discharge. 12.2.5. Hydrostatic Testing: While applying a hydrostatic test to a boiler, only those applying the test or inspecting for leaks shall be in the immediate vicinity of the boiler. 12.2.6. Pressurized Line Ruptures: All employees shall stay clear of pressurized oil or air escaping from a ruptured line or fitting. No attempt shall be made by an employee to stop or slow such a leak by using his hands, feet or other parts of his body. The pump, compressor or engine shall be stopped as soon as the leak is detected. 12.2.7. Required Testing: All boiler plant safety devices such as safety valves, relief valves, auxiliary tripping relays, interlocks and alarms shall be tested as set forth by the preventive maintenance schedule. 12.2.8. Pressure Relief Required: Before removing a valve bonnet or stuffing box gland, breaking a flanged joint or other pressure connections, the pressure shall be relieved. 12.2.9. Loosening Fasteners: Bolts, nuts or other fasteners shall be loosened with special care until it is certain that pressure does not exist.
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12.2.10. Approved Hoses: Employees shall use only hoses that are approved for the intended use. 12.2.11. Proper Uses: Air and water hose shall not be used for steam. Steam hoses shall be insulated sufficiently to avoid burns from accidental contact.
12.3. Turbine Generators: Turbine generators shall be started and stopped in
accordance with approved station operating procedures. 12.4. Overhead Cranes: See Section 2 for the use and maintenance of overhead cranes. 12.5. Hydrogen Cooling System:
12.5.1. Open Flames Prohibited: Open flames shall be kept away from hydrogen cylinders and employees shall not smoke in the vicinity of cylinders or the manifolds to which they are connected. No smoking will be allowed in the immediate vicinity of the hydrogen seal oil unit. 12.5.2. Purging Gas: A sufficient quantity of CO2 shall be readily available at all times to purge the hydrogen from the generator. 12.5.3. Purging Required: Any generator or other vessel containing air shall first be purged with CO2 before hydrogen gas is admitted. 12.5.4. Entry Requirements: Before entering, all generators or other vessels containing hydrogen shall be purged, first with CO2 then with air and testing for adequate oxygen levels shall be made with approved equipment. 12.5.5. Loss of Seal: If hydrogen seal oil pressure is lost and cannot be immediately restored, the hydrogen shall be purged from the generator. 12.5.6. Special Tools Required: Only non-sparking tools shall be used in hydrogen areas. 12.5.7. Hydrogen Bottles: Hydrogen bottles may only be handled by qualified employees. 12.5.8. Qualified Workers: Hydrogen valving operations for generator # 7 will be accomplished by qualified Plant 2 operators at the direction of Plant 2 supervision.
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12.6. Acids and Caustics Storage:
12.6.1. Approved Containers: Acids, in any quantity, shall be kept in an approved carboy or other container, prominently labeled. These containers shall not be used for any other purposes. 12.6.2. Proper Storage: Acids shall not be stored near heaters, steam pipes or other sources of heat. 12.6.3. Sealing: Acid containers shall be securely sealed or covered. 12.6.4. Shelf Storage: Acids kept on shelves shall not be stored higher than waist level. 12.6.5. Spill Clean-Up: If acids or caustics are spilled, they shall be carefully diluted with an ample supply of water or properly neutralized, absorbed and placed in containers. 12.6.6. Handling and PPE: Employees handling acids, caustics or other corrosive, toxic chemicals shall wear approved personal protective equipment and shall take precautions to prevent personal injury.
12.6.7. New Materials: New materials shall be investigated thoroughly as to their toxic characteristics and personnel shall be advised of any hazards involved. Anyone using a chemical shall review the MSDS for that chemical prior to use. 12.6.8. Pump Cleaning: Chemical pumps shall be washed externally before repacking or performing maintenance work. 12.6.9. Storage Areas: Storage areas for acids and caustics shall be posted with appropriate warning signs. 12.6.10. Work Area Protection: Areas, where acid cleaning is to be performed, shall be barricaded by a suitable means and no smoking or open flames shall be permitted. 12.6.11. Establishing Procedures: Suitable procedures shall be established to avoid explosions from released hydrogen or injuries from the chemicals. 12.6.12. Eye and Face Protection: Goggles and a face shield shall be used whenever working with chemicals.
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12.7. Acids and Caustics Handling:
12.7.1. Skilled Employees: Only properly trained and skilled employees shall operate valves or other equipment that control the movement of chemicals. 12.7.2. PPE Required: Approved PPE and clothing shall be worn whenever acids or caustics may spill, splash, fly or drip upon the person handling them. The quantity of acid or caustic handled shall determine the kind of PPE, quantity of clothing and equipment. 12.7.3. Eye Washing: Should any acid, caustic or other chemical come in contact with the eyes, the eyes shall be thoroughly washed with large amounts of running water and a physician consulted as soon as possible. PLEASE DO NOT RUB THE EYES. 12.7.4. Eye Wash Required: Employees shall not handle acids or caustics unless there is access to an adequate supply of water for quick drenching and flushing of the eyes and body. 12.7.5. Showering: After handling large quantities of caustics, employees shall take a shower to avoid skin irritation. 12.7.6. Required Inspections: Before lifting or moving a carboy or other acid or caustic container, it shall be examined carefully to see that it is not leaking or in a defective condition. The wire holding the carboy stopper in place shall be inspected to see that it has not corroded and that the stopper is secure. All movements shall be made slowly to avoid excessive agitation of the chemicals.
12.7.7. Unloading Bulk Containers: Before unloading a bulk container of acid, caustic or other chemical, the storage tank shall be gauged to see if there is adequate space inside the tank to contain the acid being added without overflowing. Piping connections are to be checked to insure that chemicals are not mixed. 12.7.8. Approved Methods and Tools: Only approved methods, tools and equipment shall be used to extract acids, caustics and other chemicals from a container.
12.8. Acids and Caustics General:
12.8.1. Mixing: When mixing acid or caustic with water, the acid or caustic shall be poured into the water and not visa-versa.. 12.8.2. Tank and Vat Cleaning: If it is necessary to enter a tank or vat to clean it, the person entering shall comply with the procedures outlined in S-146.
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12.8.3. Washing Required: All small containers such as bottles or jars shall be washed thoroughly when emptied. Carboys, steel drums or tank trucks shall not be washed but shall be completely drained of all chemical before returning to the supplier.
12.8.4. Open Flames Prohibited: Open flames and smoking are prohibited when working with or near acid in metal containers such as tanks, condensers or boilers. Spark proof tools shall always be used where there is a danger of accumulated hydrogen. 12.8.5. Labeling Required: All secondary containers shall be labeled.
12.9 Hydro Plant:
12.9.1. Working by Water: Whenever it is necessary to work in a location where there is a possibility of falling into dangerous water, employees shall wear a U.S. Coast Guard approved Type III Personal Flotation Device and/or safety belt with an approved life line attached. 12.9.2. Fall Protection: Employees shall be protected from falling by secured guardrails or the use of approved belts, straps, harness and lines.
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OFFICE SAFETY SECTION 13 Overview: This section covers basic requirements for offices and administrative areas. Scope: This section applies to all of ML&P’s facilities. Minimum office safety standards are required to be maintained throughout all facilities. 13.0. General:
13.0.1. Notifying Field Employees: Field employees must be notified about potentially dangerous customer situations so that proper precautions can be taken prior to performing required fieldwork.
13.0.2. Good Housekeeping: Good housekeeping practices must be used in all areas. Good housekeeping includes cleaning up spills immediately, disposing of litter properly, preventing clutter from accumulating, keeping walkways clear and dry when possible.
13.0.3. Evacuation Routes: All employees should periodically review evacuation routes and evacuation meeting locations.
13.1. Hallways and Traffic Areas:
13.1.1. Handrails: Employees should use the handrail on stairs whenever possible. 13.1.2. Blind Corners: Caution should be exercised when walking around blind corners.
13.1.3. Tripping Hazards: Floors must be kept free of tripping hazards such as
telephone cords, electric extension cords and paper cartons. 13.2. Offices and Work Areas: 13.2.1. Open Drawers: Drawers of desks and file cabinets must be kept closed when not in use.
13.2.2. File Cabinet Drawers: Only one drawer of a file cabinet should be pulled
out at a time to prevent tipping unless the cabinet is securely fastened to the wall or to other cabinets.
13.2.3. File Cabinet Storage Prohibited: Materials must not be stored on file
cabinets over five feet in height. 13.2.4. Proper Sitting: Chairs must be sat in properly. Sitting on the edge of a
chair or tilting back in a straight chair should be avoided.
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13.2.5. Ladders Required: Substitute items including boxes or chairs must not be used in place of ladders.
13.2.6. Proper Stacking: Material must be stored on shelves in a manner that prevents falling; heavy objects shall be placed on lower shelves.
13.2.7. Fan Guards Required: Ventilation fans may not be used unless they are guarded.
13.2.8. Prohibited Objects: Sharp objects such as broken glass and burning materials must not be placed in waste paper containers.
13.2.9. Improper Fastening: Sharp or pointed pins may not be used for fastening paper together. Staples, paper clips or other common fasteners must be used.
13.2.10. Portable Electric Heaters: Portable electric heaters must have an automatic tip over shutoff switch. Heaters that are on must not be left unattended. The area around portable electric heaters must be kept clear of flammable materials. Combustible materials must not be stored or allowed to accumulate within two and one-half (2 ½) feet of heaters.
13.2.11. Ignition Sources: Ignition sources such as burning incense, candles or lamps shall not be used. Candles on a birthday cake are permitted for short periods as long as they are never left unattended.
13.2.12. Required Clearance: Nothing may be placed any closer than eighteen (18) inches to a fire sprinkler head.
13.2.13. Extension Cords: Extension cords may only be used as a temporary electrical source. Extension cords with multiple outlets are permitted only for low power electronic equipment such as computers or printers and must not be piggybacked.
13.3. Office Equipment:
13.3.1. Disconnecting Power: Employees will not attempt to clean, oil or adjust any machine that is running. If the machine is not equipped with a starting switch that can be locked in the “off” position, it shall be disconnected from its power source.
13.3.2. Damaged Equipment: Damaged electrical cords, electrical equipment, machinery or tools must be repaired by a qualified individual as soon as possible or the faulty device must be replaced entirely.
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13.3.3. PPE Required: Solvents and other volatile or toxic substances must be used only with adequate PPE or in well-ventilated areas and the MSDS reviewed prior to use.
13.3.4. Proper Dress Attire: Safety must be considered when selecting personal attire for wearing on the job. Loose-fitting clothing, dangling bracelets, rings and ties may cause serious injury to employees operating or working around power-driven machines. Footwear should be adequate for the environment and for the weather conditions.
13.3.5. Required Securing: Bookcases or anything that may fall during an earthquake should be attached to the wall.
13.4. Office Ergonomics: Ergonomic assessments of employee workstations will be
accomplished by the safety office on a case by case basis. Ergonomic assessments will be based on ANSI/HFES 100-2007 Human Factors Engineering of Computer Workstations.
13.5. Hostile Situations:
13.5.1. Emergency Awareness: Employees must be aware of alarms, procedures, law enforcement phone numbers or other security measures for their work area.
13.5.2. Security Procedures: Security procedures must be developed and practiced by employees who are subject to public contact or hostile situations.
13.5.3. Handling Robberies: In the event of a robbery, an employee must fully cooperate with the perpetrator to minimize the risk of personal injury.
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OTHER SAFETY PROGRAM ELEMENTS: SECTION 14
Overview: This section covers management action requirements for safety investigations. It also covers requirements for ML&P’s safety inspection process and Safety Awards Program. Scope: Management has the primary responsibility for conducting safety investigations to determine the root causes to mishaps involving employee injury, property damage and near miss situations. Management has the primary responsibility for correcting hazardous conditions identified during safety investigations and inspections. Inspections are required to identify hazardous conditions and prevent mishaps. Both management and employees share responsibility for the success of the ML&P’s Safety Program. This section covers roles and responsibilities of management, the safety office, supervisors and employees. 14.0. Safety Investigations: Thorough investigations of mishaps or unsafe conditions
help determine root causes and help identify any negative trends that might be developing. Such information is critical in preventing and controlling hazards and potential mishaps.
14.0.1. Mishaps Incidents or Accidents: For all mishaps, incidents or accidents,
supervisors are required to respond to the scene and conduct the initial investigation which includes the following:
Securing the scene Ensuring that appropriate agencies (Police, Fire, Rescue and EMS) are
contacted The Anchorage Police Department must respond to all
accidents involving Municipal owned vehicles. Their contact number is 786-8500 for non-emergencies. See section 1.
Ensuring that all appropriate Municipal notifications are made in accordance with Section 1.
Photographing the scene mishap, incident or accident Gathering information from witnesses Determining what the involved parties were doing proceeding the
mishap, incident or accident Determining the events and environmental conditions leading up to the
mishap, incident or accident Determining the cause of mishap, incident or accident, if possible Ensuring all required reports are completed and submitted in
accordance with Section 1
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Providing transportation to the substance abuse testing facility and ML&P headquarters for the employees(s) involved in the mishap, incident or accident
14.0.1.1. Follow-up Investigations: The safety office may conduct follow up
mishap investigations at the safety director’s discretion. 14.0.2. Other Safety Investigations: The safety office will conduct all hazardous
condition and other safety investigations at the safety director’s discretion as needed. See Section 2. The safety director will prepare written reports of investigation findings.
14.1 Safety Inspections: Safety inspections help identify hazardous conditions and
determine compliance with safety program requirements outlined in applicable Federal, State, MOA, and ML&P policies, procedures and directives.
Through safety inspections, the safety office staff helps the general manager and division managers determine the condition of work areas, the safety of work practices, the degree of compliance with safety and health standards, the degree of compliance with safety program requirements and the relative level of risk their respective employees are exposed to on a daily basis.
14.1.1. Safety Staff Responsibilities: The safety staff will ensure that either they or other qualified inspectors will inspect the following:
All facilities and work areas once every three years, except as otherwise
directed. Operations, facilities, and equipment periodically.
14.1.2. Division Manager’s Responsibilities: Division managers must ensure that identified hazards, deficiencies, shortfalls and violations are corrected as soon as possible. Division managers are also responsible for ensuring written documentation of hazard correction is provided to the safety office in a timely manner as specified by the safety office.
14.1.3. Required Notice: The safety staff will provide affected division managers at least thirty (30) days prior notice of scheduled safety inspections/audits.
14.1.4. Inspector’s Conferences: Inspectors will conduct pre and post inspection conferences with the affected managers or their designees.
14.1.5. Evaluation Areas: Compliance with current industry, Federal, State, MOA and ML&P guidance will be evaluated. A program management evaluation addressing the areas of management support, employee training, compliance with program requirements and effectiveness of mishap prevention programs will also be
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conducted. This will include an analysis of mishap reports and other management indicators to determine the level of management support for the safety program.
14.1.6. Inspections and Audits: Inspections and audits will be reported verbally and in writing to affected levels of management.
14.1.7. Inspection Reports: Inspection reports will be sent to the general manager, division manager and the safety director if contracted safety inspectors are used. These reports will contain the minimum information below:
The division, activity or work area inspected The date of the inspection/audit A description of any hazards or unsafe work practices that are noted
with reference Causes of deficiencies and hazards noted Recommendations for corrective action Management and supervisory support
14.1.8. Corrective Action: Division managers will be responsible for ensuring that corrective actions are implemented and completed in a timely manner to mitigate discrepancies as determined by the nature of the hazard.
14.1.9. Spot Inspections: Spot inspections/audits and follow-up reporting will be used to ensure corrective action is taken and the hazards are mitigated.
14.1.10. Spot Inspections Defined: Spot inspections/audits are no-notice inspections of the day-to-day safety and health of a division, work center and facility. Spot inspections/audits will be accomplished by safety office personnel on a periodic basis.
14.1.10.1. Spot Inspection Reporting: Spot inspections/audits will normally be reported verbally to the supervisor of the affected area or operation. If the problem or area of non-compliance is re-occurring in nature or in the opinion of the inspector, serious enough to warrant written documentation, the inspector will provide a written report to the supervisor and division manager within three working days from the date of the inspection. Inspection/audit reports provided in writing require a written reply forwarded to the safety office by the suspense date outlined on the form.
14.1.10.2. Minimum Documentation: Minimum documentation will include date, inspector’s name, facility or activity inspected, individual contacted, a brief description of what was observed and the suspense date replies are due by.
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Figure 14-1 Safety Inspection Report
Safety Inspection Report Date Inspected
Suspense Date
From
To
Reply To
Activity Inspected
Individual Contacted
Discrepancy / Recommendations
Corrective Actions
Date
Inspector
Date Manager
Review and Comments ML&P Safety Form 1
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14.1.10.3. Unscheduled Inspections: Whenever an outside agency such as AKOSH arrives at a worksite or ML&P’s facilities to conduct an unscheduled inspection, the safety office must be contacted immediately.
14.2. Safety Awards Program: The “Safety Awards Program” is designed to recognize
individuals for their commitment to their own safety, the safety of others and the overall safety throughout the organization. There are currently two (2) safety awards available.
14.2.1. Safety Award # 1: ML&P’s Safety Award # 1 is entitled “Caught In A Safe
Act Award”.
Eligibility: All of ML&P’s employees are eligible.
Nomination: Any employee that is observed by a member of ML&P’s safety staff and/or supervisors while performing their job in an exceptionally safe manner or taking extra steps to ensure safety is not compromised for themselves or others may be awarded the “Caught In A Safe Act Award”.
Awards will be given either on the spot or within a reasonable time frame.
Award winners will receive an award selected by the safety office. 14.2.2. Safety award # 2: ML&P’s Safety Award # 2 is entitled “Quarterly
Individual Safety Award”:
Eligibility: All of ML&P’s employees are eligible.
Criteria: Nominations should be for either a singular noteworthy event that promoted mishap prevention or for a sustained effort over a given period of time.
Nomination Procedures: Any of ML&P’s employees may nominate
another employee or group of employees working together on a specific project each quarter. The attached letter or e-mail may be used for nominations but any written format will be accepted. Nominations must be received by the safety office prior to the close of business on the last day of the current quarter to be considered.
Individual award winners will receive a plaque, a gift certificate not
exceeding $60.00 in value and lunch with the general manager.
The general manager or his designee will present the award at the next appropriate occasion.
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Nominations are due no later than the last business day of March, June, September and December.
Award Judgment: A panel chaired by the safety director will select
individual award winners. This panel will consist of a minimum of four (4) employees who will remain anonymous to the affected employees. The safety director will vote only in situations where there is a tie-vote among panel members.
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Figure 14-2 Safety Award Nomination
MUNICIPAL LIGHT & POWER
SAFETY OFFICE SAFETY AWARD NOMINATION
DATE: ________ FROM: PHONE:
DIVISION: SECTION: DIVISION MANAGER:
Describe accomplishment. Nominations should include a concise but complete statement covering the following information: What was done? How was it done? Where was it done? Why was it done? When was it done?
THIS SECTION TO BE COMPLETED BY SAFETY PERSONNEL RECEIVED BY:
DATE:
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DEFINITIONS SECTION 15 Affected Employee: An "Affected Person" or "Affected Employee" is anyone whose job requires them to operate or use a machine or equipment on which servicing or maintenance is being performed under one of ML&P’s switching, locking, tagging, and clearance procedures or whose job requires them to work in an area in which such servicing or maintenance is being performed. This includes anyone who has access to generation, transmission, and distribution areas and may be required to enter areas where elements of this switching, locking, tagging, and clearance procedure are in effect.
“Alive” or “Live”: “Alive” or “Live” describes a situation where something is electrically connected to a source of potential difference or electrically charged so as to have a potential significantly different from that of the earth in the vicinity. The term "Live" is sometimes used in place of the term "Current-Carrying," where the intent is to avoid repetition of the longer term.
ANSI: “ANSI” is the acronym for American National Standards Institute.
Approved: The term "Approved" when used in connection with ML&P’s methods, procedures, tools or equipment, refers to company approval as dictated by ML&P’s safety rules or departmental action.
Authorized Employee (Generation): Authorized Person" or "Authorized Employee" is someone who has successfully completed ML&P's clearance procedures training program, is designated as an “Authorized Clearance Holder”, and is authorized to perform switching and equipment isolation. Dispatchers and control room operators meet the qualification standard of an "Authorized Person" or "Authorized Employee."
Authorized Person: An “Authorized Person” is one who has the authority to perform specific duties under certain conditions or who is carrying out orders from a responsible authority.
Barricade: The term “Barricade” means a physical obstruction such as tapes, screens or cones intended to warn and limit access to a hazardous area.
Barrier: The term “Barrier” means a physical obstruction which is intended to prevent contact with energized lines or equipment.
Bond: The term “Bond” means an electrical connection from one conductive element to another for the purpose of minimizing potential differences or providing suitable conductivity for fault current or for reducing leakage current and electrolytic action.
Cable: The term “Cable” means a solid conductor with insulation or a stranded conductor with or without insulation and other coverings (single-conductor cable) or a combination of conductors insulated from one another (multiple-conductor cable).
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Circuit: The term “Circuit” means a conductor or system of conductors through which an electric current is intended to flow.
Clearance (Working): The term “Clearance” means a certification by the proper authority that a specified line or piece of equipment is de-energized, that the proper precautionary measures have been taken and that the line or equipment is being turned over to the qualified worker(s). A “Clearance” is further defined as equipment and systems that are brought to a zero-energy state and are safe for employees to conduct servicing or maintenance.
Clear Hot Stick Distance: The phrase “Clear Hot Stick Distance” means the minimum distance for the use of live-line tools held by linemen when performing live-line work.
Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs): CFRs are usually used in conjunction with a set of numbers to denote a specific part, subpart, and paragraph such as: 29 CFR 1910.269 (a) (2) (iii).
Communication Lines: “Communication Lines” are the conductors and their supporting structures that are used for public or private signal or communications service. Note: Telephone, telegraph, railroad signal, data, clock, fire, police-alarm, community television antenna and other similar systems are included.
Company (ML&P): The term “Company” in this manual is synonymous with ML&P and is defined as the entity having jurisdiction and control over the operation of the utility.
Competent Person: A “Competent Person” is an individual who, by way of training and/or experience, is knowledgeable of applicable standards, is capable of identifying workplace hazards relating to the specific operation, is designated by the employer and has authority to take appropriate actions to eliminate them. Some OSHA standards add additional specific requirements which must be met by the competent person.
Conductor: The term “Conductor” means a material, usually in the form of a wire, cable or bus bar that is suitable for carrying an electric current.
Confined Space: A “Confined Space” is a space that is large enough and so configured that an employee can enter, has limited means of entry or exit and is not designed for human occupancy.
Confined Space Entry Permit: A “Confined Space Entry Permit” is a permit that is required before entering a confined space that has a hazardous atmosphere or hazardous environment
Dead: When the term "Dead" is used in connection with wires or equipment that are a part of an electrical system. “Dead” shall be understood to mean disconnected from any electrical source and properly tagged and grounded.
Designated Person: See Authorized Person.
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Device Lock: A “Device Lock” is a uniquely keyed, uniquely colored lock where the key is under the exclusive control of a lockbox.
Disciplinary Action: “Disciplinary Action” is administrative action taken by the employer (ML&P) against the employee. This action may vary from a verbal reprimand to dismissal.
Disconnected: The term “Disconnected” means that a circuit or device is disconnected from any electrical source or supply.
Dispatch Center: The “Dispatch Center” is the central authority location for controlling ML&P’s power system and is also referred to as “Power Management”.
Distribution Dispatcher - Power Dispatcher - System Operator: These terms describe a person designated by the employer as having authority over switching and clearances of high voltage lines and station equipment.
Effectively Grounded: “Effectively Grounded” is a state where something is intentionally connected to earth through a ground connection or connection of sufficiently low impedance and having sufficient current-carrying capacity to prevent the buildup of voltages which may result in undue hazards to connected equipment or to persons.
Emergency: The term “Emergency” is defined as a situation where an imminent danger to life exists or significant and substantial damage to ML&P, Municipal or personal property is imminent.
Employee: The term “Employee” is defined as a represented and non-represented person hired by ML&P to perform work. Persons who are employed by a contractor performing work for ML&P shall also be required to comply with the provisions of this manual.
Employer: The term “Employer” means ML&P and its senior management.
Enclosed: The term “Enclosed” means to be surrounded by a case, cage or fence which will protect the contained equipment and prevent accidental contact of a person with live parts.
Enclosed Space: The term “Enclosed Space” is defined as a confined space with only an electrical hazard present and can be entered by a qualified electrical person.
Energized (Alive, Live or Hot): “Energized” is a state where something is electrically connected to a source of potential difference or electrically charged so as to have a potential different from that of adjacent conductors or equipment. All parts capable of being energized are considered energized until they are tested as dead and grounded.
Equipotential: The term “Equipotential” refers to a region in space where every point in it is at the same electrical potential.
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Excavations: The term "Excavations" shall be used to indicate any opening made in the ground, street or sidewalk in connection with Company work such as holes, trenches, ditches or tunnels.
Exposed: The term “Exposed” describes a condition where in the event of a failure of supports or insulation, an existing circuit or line may make contact with another circuit or line. “Exposed” equipment means an object or device that can be inadvertently touched or approached nearer than a safe distance by any person. “Exposed” is a term applied to objects not suitably guarded or situated.
Fall Protection: “Fall Protection” is an OSHA requirement that states a walking working surface elevated four (4) feet or more above a lower level shall have protection from falling by the use of guard rails systems, safety net systems or personal fall arrest systems.
Flares: The term "Flares" shall be used to indicate flares, torches, fuses, red lanterns, reflectors or any other signaling equipment that is adaptable for the purpose intended.
Foreman, Leadman, Superintendent or Manager: The terms “Foreman”, “Leadman” “Superintendent” or “Manager” are used in a general sense to indicate any person, regardless of classification, who is directly in charge of a specific job or specific jobs.
FRC: “FRC” is and acronym for Fire Resistant Clothing.
Governmental: The term “Governmental” denotes any type of regulatory agency having control over a certain activity. This includes are federal, state, borough, township and city.
Ground (Noun): The term “Ground” is a noun that means a conductive connection whether intentional or accidental, by which an electric circuit or equipment is connected to reference ground.
Ground (Reference): The term “Ground” means that conductive body, usually earth, to which an electric potential is referenced.
Ground (Verb): The term “Ground” is a verb that means the connecting or establishment of a connection, whether by intention or accident, of an electric circuit or equipment to reference ground.
Grounded System: A “Grounded System” consists of a system of conductors in which at least one conductor or point (usually the middle wire or neutral point of transformer or generator windings) is intentionally grounded, either solidly or through a current-limiting device and not a current-interrupting device.
Grounding Electrode (Ground Electrode): The term “Grounding Electrode” means a rigid conductor embedded in the earth that is used for maintaining ground potential on conductors connected to it and for dissipating fault current.
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Guarded: The term “Guarded” means to be protected by personnel, covered, fenced or enclosed by means of suitable casings, carrier rails, screens, mats, platforms or other suitable devices in accordance with standard barricading techniques designed to prevent dangerous approach or contact by persons or objects. (Note: Wires which are insulated but not otherwise protected, are not considered as guarded.)
Hot Line Order: A “Hot Line Order” is a formal agreement that indicates to the workers that all automatic reclosing devices feeding the circuit or equipment being worked on have been de-activated. Should a piece of equipment protected by a “Hot Line Order” inadvertently become de-energized, it will not be re-energized without the consent of the worker holding the “Hot Line Order”. See SOP S-70.
Hot Line Tools and Ropes: The terms “Hot Line Tools” and “Ropes” describe those tools and ropes which are especially designed for work on energized high voltage lines and equipment. Insulated aerial equipment especially designed for work on energized high voltage lines and equipment shall be considered as "Hot Line Equipment”.
Insulated: The term “Insulated” means to be separated from other conducting surfaces by a dielectric substance or air space, permanently offering a high resistance to the passage of current and to disruptive discharge through the substance or space.
Isolated: The term “Isolated” describes an object that is not readily accessible to persons unless special means of access are used.
Leadman: The term “Leadman” is defined as a person who directs and is responsible for the actions of the work crew.
Lockbox: The term “Lockbox” describes a lockable box that contains device lock keys.
Lock-Out: The term “Lock-Out” is a state identified by the placement of a lock on any energy isolation device to prevent operation of machinery or equipment.
Manhole: The term “Manhole” describes a subsurface enclosure which personnel may enter and is used for the purpose of installing, operating and maintaining utility lines and equipment.
Manhole Opening: The term “Manhole Opening” describes an opening through which persons may enter into a confined or restricted space.
Pad-mount: The term “Pad-mount” describes transformers, switch cabinets, sectionalizing cabinets or any equipment that is surface mounted and normally worked from ground level.
PCB (Poly-Chlorinated-Byphenyl): The term “PCB” describes a non-conductive and low flammability additive in insulating oils used in transformers, capacitors, circuit breakers, voltage regulators and switches manufactured on a large scale between 1929 and 1977. The United States banned the manufacture of PCBs in 1977. PCBs are also identified by several trade names including Pyranol, Askeral and Inerteen.
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Personal Fall Arrest System: A “Personal Fall Arrest System” is a type of “Fall Protection” consisting of a body harness, lanyard and an anchorage point.
Personal Lock: The term “Personal Lock” describes a lock under the control of an individual performing work.
Plant Operator: A “Plant Operator” describes an employee that works as an operator at an ML&P power plant.
Potential Device: The term “Potential Device” describes substation Potential Transformers (PTs), Coupling Capacitor Voltage Transformers (CCVTs), bushing potential devices or similar devices.
Primary Compartment: A “Primary Compartment” is a compartment containing voltage levels above six-hundred (600) volts.
Primary Voltage: The term “Primary Voltage” describes any electrical circuit which normally operates above six-hundred (600) volts.
Public: The term “Public” refers to any individual that is not an employee or representative of the “Company”.
Qualified: The term “Qualified” means that a person has been adequately trained and is knowledgeable of the installation, construction or operation of apparatus and the hazards involved with the same.
Qualified Person: A “Qualified Person” is a person who is familiar with the construction or operation of the lines and equipment that concern his position and who is fully aware of the hazards involved. Further, this person is one who has passed a journeymen's examination for the particular branch of the electrical trade with which he may be connected. Finally, a “Qualified Person” is a person who has successfully demonstrated his ability and is recognized by management as being qualified to perform the duties to which he has been assigned.
Reduced Visibility: “Reduced Visibility” describes a condition where normal visibility is reduced because of adverse weather conditions such as fog, heavy rainfall, snow, dawn or dusk.
Road: The term “Road” describes a paved or unpaved surface upon which vehicles are intended to travel.
Roadway: The term “Roadway” includes the road and all areas immediately adjacent thereto such as the shoulder of the road and parking strip. This area normally extends approximately fifteen (15) feet from either side of the road. The “Roadway” is also known as the DOT “Right Of Way” or ROW.
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Safety Rule: The term “Safety Rule” defines a rule requiring compliance by all employees concerned. Deviation from safety rules is not permitted and is subject to “Disciplinary Action”.
Secondary Compartment: A “Secondary Compartment” describes a compartment that contains voltage levels up to six-hundred (600) volts.
Secondary Voltage: The term “Secondary Voltage” describes any electrical circuit that normally operates up to six-hundred (600) volts.
Shall: The term “Shall” describes a mandate. When the term "Shall" appears in the wording of a rule, the rule is to be strictly obeyed as written.
Shift: The term “Shift” describes one workday of an employee.
Should: The term “Should” describes a suggested practice. When the term "Should" appears in the wording of a rule, the rule is to be obeyed as written when it is reasonable or practical to do so.
Special Condition Tag: A “Special Condition Tag” is a white tag or card used to designate special conditions affecting equipment. This tag indicates unusual conditions, special operating instructions and information pertaining to the condition of lines or equipment.
Switch: A “Switch” is a device for opening and closing or changing the connection of a circuit. In these rules, a switch is understood to be manually operable, unless otherwise stated.
Switching Order: A “Switching Order” is a written set of instructions and actions required for a sequence of events to safely and efficiently operate the power system.
Switchman: A “Switchman” is a person that is qualified and authorized to perform switching on ML&P’s power system. Authorization is granted by the manager of power control. A “Switchman’s” qualifications are determined by the employer.
Tag: A “Tag” is a printed document that is attached to a piece of equipment denoting restrictions or special conditions affecting the operation of the device.
Tag-Out: The term “Tag-Out” is a state identified by the placement of a Red Tag on any energy isolation device that cannot be Locked out to prevent operation of machinery or equipment.
Tailgate Sessions: A “Tailgate Session” describes a short informal discussion about the work to be accomplished and the safety measures to be incorporated. This discussion is normally conducted by the foreman and is sometimes referred to as "Tool Box Talks," “Tailgate Meeting”, or “Job Safety Briefing”.
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Underground Distribution (UD): “Underground Distribution” is a general term which covers the necessary facilities to furnish underground service to residential and commercial customers.
Unsafe Conditions: “Unsafe Conditions” describe dangerous conditions, hazardous conditions, defective conditions or unusual conditions which could be conducive to accidents.
Vault: The term “Vault” describes an enclosure above or below ground which personnel may enter and is used for the purpose of installing, operating and maintaining equipment or facilities.
Voltage: The term “Voltage” is defined as the effective Root Mean Square (RMS) potential difference between any two conductors or between a conductor and ground. The voltage specified in this manual shall mean the maximum effective voltage to which personnel or protective equipment may be subjected. Low voltage includes voltage levels up to six-hundred (600) volts. High voltage includes voltage levels above six-hundred (600) volts.
Voltage of an Effectively Grounded Circuit: This phrase means the voltage (potential difference) between any conductor and ground unless otherwise indicated.
Warning Signs: For the purposes of these rules, the term “Warning Sign” is any sign or similar means of notification used to alert an employee or the public to an actual or possible hazard. “Warning Signs” include "Danger" signs, "Caution" signs, traffic protection signs, instructional signs and informational signs.
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REVISION FORM
RECOMMENDED CHANGES:
JUSTIFICATION:
MAKE CHANGE: During Annual Review: ______ As soon as practical: ______ Immediately: ______ Submitted By: ___________________________ Date: ________________
--------------------------------SAFETY OFFICE USE-----------------------------------
Reviewed by: ___________________________ Date: ________________ Approved: _________ Disapproved: ___________________ Reason: ______________________________________________________________