MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.1Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.1 Classification of ETFE-Foil constructions due to the kind of pre-stress

mechanical pre-stressed ETFE-foils(single- layer construction)

E.ON Info-Centre, Kochel/Walchensee, 2001,390 m, Photograph: K. Moritz

pneumatical pre-stressed ETFE-foils(multi- layer construction)

Atrium Petrol Station Germering, 2003,64 m (8 x 8 m Pneu), Photograph: L. Schiemann

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.2Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.2 Examples - pneumatical pre-stressed systems

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Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.3Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.3 Examples - mechanical pre-stressed systems

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Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.4Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.4 Matrix:Different Shapesof ETFE-Foil-Constructions

mechanical pre-stressed pneumatical pre-stressed

circle,ellipsoid

polygone

square

rectangle

rhomb

triangle

planar spacial spacialplanar

constructionmethod

boundary

Source: K. Moritz, PhD, 2007

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.5Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

Systems without pre-stress3 %

Single-Layer-Systemsmechanical pre-stressed

10 %

Multi-Layer-Systemspneumatical pre-stressed

87 %

pre-stress-Method

Polygone

Rhomb

Circle, Ellipsoid

Square

Triangle, Trapezoid

Rectangle

Boundary Geometry

5.5 Geometries, pre-stress-Methods of ETFE-Foil-Constructions

Source: K. Moritz, PhD, 2007

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.6Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.6 Utilisations and Applications of ETFE-Foil-Constructions

Halls, Pavillions33 %

Atria, Skylights35 %

Canopies, Walkways14 %

Faades, Windows8 %

Indoor Applications5 %

Other Applications3 %

Stadia, Grandstands2 %

Infrastructure (Terminals, Trainstations)

Petrol Stations

Sportfacilities

Others (Collectors, Sculptures a.s.o.)

Scools, Universitys

Labors, Storages, Greenhouses

Zoological Gardens

Museums, Pavillions

Swimmingpools

Offices, Residential AccommodationsUtilisation

Application

Source: K. Moritz, PhD, 2007

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Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.7Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.7 Location of ETFE-Foil-ConstructionsHungarySlovenia

SingapooreMexicoJapanIndia

GreeceDenmarkAustralia

ChinaUSA

FranceSpain

AustriaSwitzerlandNetherlands

Great BritainGermany

Location (Continent)

Asia 2.2 %

America 1.3 % Africa 0 %

Australia 0.9 %

Europe 95.5 %

Location (State)

Source: K. Moritz, PhD, 2007

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.8Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.8 Kinds of pneumatical pre-stressed Constructions

Source: K. Moritz, in: Stahlbau, 05/2007

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.9Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.9 Air Management

Source: K. Moritz, in: Stahlbau, 05/2007

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Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.10Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.10 Air-Supply

Air Supply, Project Munich Riem, Photograph: Covertex GmbH, 2002

Air Inlet, Project Scene Lab, FHG IBP, Holzkirchen, Photograph: K. Moritz, 2004

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Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.11Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.11 Classification of cushions due to the number of layers

Source: L. Schiemann, 2008

2-layer-cushion

3-layer-cushion, flat middlelayer

3-layer-cushion, curved middlelayer

nominal Inner pressurepi,nom = 250 400 Pascal

maximal inner pressurePi,max = 800 1,000 Pascal

3-layer-cushion, flat middlelayer, separated layers

3-layer-cushion, curved middlelayer, separated layers

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.12Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.12 FE-Analyses of an ETFE-Foil cushion

a) Ground plan of a 5.8 x 3.0 m cushion

b) Isometric view of a 5.8 x 3.0 m cushion, made of 4 panels

Source: K. Moritz, PhD, 2007

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.13Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.13 Welded ETFE-Seam

Welded seam (continiuos-method), Photograph: K. Moritz

ETFE-welding-machine for ETFE-foils (non-continues-method), Photograph: Eichenhofer, Illertissen, Germany

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.14Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.14 Cutting Pattern

Stress optimised cutting pattern, 5.8 x 3.0 m cushion,Source: K. Moritz, PhD, 2007

Panel 1 and 4 Panel 2 and 3

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Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.15Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.15 Straight cut (without patterning)

Straight cut, 5.8 x 3.0 m cushion,Source: K. Moritz, PhD, 2007

Panels 1 - 4

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Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.16Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.16 Influence of Patterning on the stresses

Normal stresses in x-direction (11) and in y-direction (22) , inflation: 2.000 Pa, left hand side: stresss optimisedcutting pattern, right hand side: without cutting pattern (straight cut), K. Moritz, PhD, 2007

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.17Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.17 Shear stresses and main stress axis

Shear stresses (12 = 21), inflation: 2.000 Pa, left hand side: optimised cutting pattern, right hand side: without cutting pattern (straight cut), K. Moritz, PhD, 2007

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.18Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.18 Expansion Joints (steel structure)

Rain Gutter, Expansion Joints, Allianz Arena3D-Visualisation, covertex GmbH, Obing, 2004

spring metal sheet

Expansion joint(elongation (steel) because Temperature+/- 13 mm)

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Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.19Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.19 Flexible Aluminium Extrusion Profiles

Aluminium-extrusion-profile, Allianz Arenacovertex GmbH, 2005

ETFE-Foil-cushion (2 layers)Extrusion Profile Segments (aluminium)Bolts (steel)Boundary-Profile (EPDM)cord edge (EPDM-Keder)Rain Gutter (sub structure, steel)Rain Gutter Sealing (polyolefine)

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Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.20Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.20 1:1 Mockups

Allianz Arena, Photographs: covertex GmbH, 2004 - 2005

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Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.21Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.21 Support Reactions

Source: K. Moritz, 2007

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.22Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.22 Water Drainage

Allianz Arena: 1.920 roof cushionsprovided with a water drainage, covertex GmbH 2005

Operation breakdown (e.g. breakdown of air supply)

Operation state

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.23Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.23 3-Layer-Cushions as Changeable Sunshade

Festo centre of technology, Esslingen, Germany, 2000, Photograph: Foiltec GmbH

changeable sun screen systemusing a 3-layer-ETFE-cushion, source: Foiltec GmbH

permeable

closed

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.24Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.24 Cushion-Integrated Sunscreen

Cushion-integrated permanent lamellas made of ETFE-foils (Patent: John Hpfner, Munich), Source: K. Moritz, T. Brengelmann, L. Schiemann, in: Detail, 7/8 2005

Cushion-integrated retractable membrane, Source: K. Moritz, T. Brengelmann, L. Schiemann, in: Detail, 7/8 2005

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.25Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.25 Garland Boundaries

Steel-Cable in an ETFE-foil-pocket(garland-boundary), Scene Laboratory, FHG-IBP, Holzkirchen, Germany, Photograph: L. Schiemann

Garland-shaped plain-coil-chain made of stainlesssteel, ETFE-foil with gripped cord edge, E.On Info Centre, Kochel, Germany, 3D-visualisation covertexGmbH, 2001

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.26Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.26 Vents

Vents, wooden frames with ETFE-foil-cushions, FHG-IBP, Holzkirchen, Germany, Photograph: K. Moritz

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Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.27Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

IABG Ottobrunn, 2006,Photograph: L. Schiemann

5.27 Cable supported girders

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.28Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

IABG Ottobrunn, 2006,Photograph: L. Schiemann

5.28 Cable supported girders

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.29Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

IABG Ottobrunn, 2006,Photograph: L. Schiemann

5.29 Cable supported girders

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Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.30Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.30 Cable supported ETFE-Foils

National Stadium Beijing, 2008, roof cladding made of ETFE-Foils, completion covertex GmbH,K. Moritz: National Stadium in Beijing, in DETAIL 7/8, 2008

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Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.31Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.31 Cable supported ETFE-Foils

National Stadium Beijing, 2008, roof cladding made of ETFE-Foils, completion and photograph: covertex GmbH, K. Moritz: National Stadium in Beijing, in DETAIL 7/8, 2008

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Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.32Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.32 Cable supported ETFE-Foils

National Stadium Beijing, 2008, roof cladding made of ETFE-Foils, completion covertex GmbH,K. Moritz: National Stadium in Beijing, in DETAIL 7/8, 2008

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.33Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

IHK Wrzburg, 2003, low-point umbrellas, completion and photograph: covertex GmbH

5.33 Cable-net supported ETFE-Foils

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.34Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.34 Cable-net supported ETFE-Foils

IHK Wrzburg, 2003, low-point umbrellas, completion and photograph: covertex GmbH

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.35Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.35 Cable-net supported ETFE-Foils

IHK Wrzburg, 2003, low-point umbrellas, completion and photograph: covertex GmbH

MM6 Structural Design Concepts

Chapter 5 - Constructions 09/20095.36Dr.-Ing. Karsten Moritz, Dr.-Ing. Lars Schiemann

5.36 Cable-net supported ETFE-Foils

IHK Wrzburg, 2003, low-point umbrellas, completion and photograph: covertex GmbH