M.Mallikarjuna Rao -200601212

V.Harish Vyas- 200601191

Presentation Outline

Introduction What ZigBee is?

What ZigBee does?

The Zigbee layered Model The physical layer

The MAC layer

Packet Structure PHY frame

Data Frame

Applications Health Care

Home Automation

Wireless Communications

Wi-Fi

Bluetooth

X-bee

UWB

Zig-Bee

What is Zigbee Technology?

Wireless protocol for Personal Area

Networking.

Designed for applications that require

Low Cost

Low to moderate data rates

Low Power Consumption

Moderate Range Security and reliability

What is Zigbee Technology?

Designed for applications that require

Flexible and dynamic network topologies like

Star , cluster tree and mesh network

Zigbee Frequencies

Operates in Unlicensed Bands

ISM 2.4 GHz Global Band at 250kbps

868 MHz European Band at 20kbps

915 MHz North American Band at 40kbps

Zigbee Feature Set

Ad‐hoc self forming networks

Star , cluster tree and mesh network

Logical Device Types

Coordinator, Router and End Device

Security

Symmetric Key with AES‐128

Authentication and Encryption at MAC, NWK and

Application levels

Master Keys, Network Keys and Link Keys

Star Network

Mesh Network

Cluster Network

Network devices

Coordinator

It is the starting point of the network.

It allows other devices to connect to it.

It provides binding and address-table services.

It saves messages until they can be delivered.

It is a “Full functional device” – FFD.

It is powered.

Network devices

Router

It routes messages.

It does not a start a network.

It scans network to join.

They are given a block of address to assign.

It is a Full function device –FFD.

Powered or battery depends on topology.

Network devices

End device

It does not a start a network.

It scans network to join.

It can be full function device or reduced function

device.

Battery.

Gateway

Bridge between a ZigBee network and another

network

ZigBee Address Architecture

Addressing

Every device has a unique 64 bit MAC address

Upon association, every device receives a unique

16 bit network address

Only the 16 bit network address is used to route

packets within the network

Devices retain their 16 bit address if they

disconnect from the network, however, if they

LEAVE the network, the 16 bit address is re‐assig

ned

ZigBee Address Architecture

Node Addressing

ZigBee Address Architecture

Endpoint Addressing

To control lamp 1,2,3 by Switch 1

ZigBee provides another level of sub-addressing

An endpoint number is used to identify individual

switches and lamps.

Endpoint Number range 1-240.

Endpoint 0 is reserved for device management

and is used to address the descriptors in the node

Zigbee Layered Model

PHYSICAL LAYER

It is responsible for wireless

transmission and reception of MAC

frames.

It performs the following functions

Energy detection, clear channel

assessment, channel selection, data

modulation and the transmission and

reception of bits onto the physical

medium.

MAC LAYER

Through this layer one can gain access

to channels present in the network.

This layer makes it possible for several

stations connected to the same physical

medium to share it.

MAC LAYER

Security Services

Access Control

Data Encryption

Frame Integrity

Sequential Freshness

NETWORK LAYER

Features

Network Scan

Creating/Joining a PAN

Device Discovery

Service Discovery

Binding

Data Transfer Model

Device to Coordinator

In a beacon‐enable network,

device finds the beacon to

synchronize

Uses slotted CSMA/CA to

transmit data

Data Transfer Model

Device to Coordinator

In a non beacon‐enable

network, device transmits

its using unslotted

CSMA/CA.

Data Transfer Model

Coordinator to Device

In a beacon‐enable network, the coordinator indicates in the

beacon that the data is pending .

Device periodically listens to the beacon and transmits a M

AC command request using slotted CSMA/CA if necessary.

Data Transfer Model

Coordinator to Device

In a non‐beacon‐enable network, a device transmits

a MAC command request using unslotted

CSMA/CA.

If the coordinator has its pending data, the coordinat

or transmits data frame using unslotted CSMA/CA.

Otherwise, coordinator transmits a data frame with

zero length payload.

PHY frame structure

PHY packet fields

Preamble (32 bits) – synchronization

Start of packet delimiter (8 bits) –it

is formatted as “11100101”

PHY header (8 bits) –PSDU length

PSDU (0 to 127 bytes) –data field

Data Frame Format

Provides up to 104 byte data payload capacity

Data sequence numbering ensures that packets

are tracked

Frame Check Sequence (FCS) validates error-free

data

Acknowledgment Frame Format

It provides active feedback from receiver

to sender that packet was received without

error.

How Does ZigBee Compare?

Target Applications

Wireless sensor networks

Remote monitoring

Wireless alarms and security systems

Home/building automation

Health, sport and entertainment

equipment

Health Care

Home Automation

References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBee_specification

http://www.ZigBee.org

http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresent

ations

http://www.zigbee.org/resources/documents/IWAS

_presentation_Mar04_Designing_with_802154_an

d_zigbee.ppt

Thank You