mmea - update on michigan air pollution control rules and...
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Update on Michigan Air Pollution Control Rules and Policies
Update on Michigan Air Pollution Control Rules and Policies
MMEA Fall ConferenceOctober 4, 2017
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NTH Consultants, Ltd.
Rhiana C. Dornbos, PE
2
Project Engineer
Air Quality Permitting and
Compliance
517-702-2953
616-265-5755
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Agenda
� Michigan Rule Changes
� AQD Policy and Procedures
� Air Permitting Developments
� Ozone Nonattainment Designations
� Dispersion Modeling
� Regulatory Horizon
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Michigan Rule ChangesMichigan Rule Changes
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Changes to Air Pollution Control Rules
� Effective December 20, 2016
� Goals:
• Clarify Existing Rules
• Provide additional Exemptions
• Respond to Objections raised by U.S. EPA
Updates to Michigan Air Pollution Control Rules
Part 1 General Provisions
Part 2 Air Use Approval
Part 9 Emission Limitation and Prohibitions - Miscellaneous
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� NEW Rule 281(k): Aqueous based parts washers (<5% VOCs)
� Rule 285 Meaningful Change Exemption additions
� Rule 290 Limited Emissions Exemption additions
� NEW Rule 291 “De minimis” Emissions Exemption
� Rule 278 reminder
Exemption Changes/Additions
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Rule 285 – “Meaningful Change”
� Relatively small changes in permitted process equipment
� “Meaningful increase” and “Meaningful change” defined
• Increase in PTE or “hazard potential” of 10% or greater
• Causes an exceedance of a permit limit
� Policy and Procedure No. AQD-25
• Effective May 9, 2017
• Seven-step process to evaluate “meaningful change”
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Rule 290 – Emission Units with Limited Emissions
� Based on Actual Emissions
� Additional thresholds incorporated (Rule 290(2)(a)(ii)
• CO2 equivalent
• Mercury
• Lead
� Proper control equipment operation
• Temperature monitoring
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Rule 291 – Emission Units with “de minimis” emissions
� Based on Emission Unit Potential to Emit
• Criteria pollutants
• CO2 equivalent
• Various TACs and non-TACs
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Rule 291 Example – Emergency Diesel RICE Generator
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Rule 291 Example – Emergency Diesel RICE Generator
� Step 1: Calculate Potential to Emit
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Rule 291 Example – Emergency Diesel RICE Generator
PollutantRule 291 Threshold
(tpy)RICE PTE
(tpy)
PTE within Rule 291
Threshold?
CO2e 75,000 930 Yes
CO 10 4 Yes
NOx 10 7 Yes
SO2 10 0.01 Yes
VOC 5 0.5 Yes
PM 10 0.2 Yes
PM10 5 0.3 Yes
PM2.5 3 0.3 Yes
Total TACs 5 <1 Yes
Refer to R 336.1291 for complete criteria
� Step 2: Compare to Rule 291 Thresholds
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Rule 291 Example – Emergency Diesel RICE Generator
Pollutant CategoryRule 291 Threshold
(tpy)RICE PTE
(tpy)
PTE of all TACs with SLs ≥0.04
µg/m3 and <2 µg/m3 0.12 0.002
PTE of all TACs with SLs ≥0.005
µg/m3 and <0.04 µg/m3 0.06 0
PTE of all TACs with SLs
<0.005 µg/m3 0.006 0.0004
Refer to R 336.1291 for complete criteria
� Step 2: Compare to Rule 291 Thresholds
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Rule 291 Example – Emergency Diesel RICE Generator
• Step 3: Rule 278a and 278
• Include Project or activity
• Documentation of applicability
• Requirements under federal standards (NSPS, NESHAP)
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RMRR Policy for LFG-to-Energy Facilities
� Policy and Procedure No. AQD-23
• Effective June 10, 2016
• Rule 285(2)(a)(vi)
� RMRR as part of a Normal maintenance program
• Overhaul and repair activities
• Repairing or replacing components
• Replacing an engine with a “like-kind” engine
� Documentation requirements for equipment
� NSPS and NESHAP may be affected
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RMRR Policy for LFG-to-Energy Facilities
Exception to Policy and Procedure AQD-23:
� Catastrophic events
� Engine failures
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Exemptions
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Permitting Changes/Additions
� Rule 201(4) Permit void if project has not commenced within 18 months
� Change in RO an off-permit change (Rule 215(5))
• Life After ROP Updated (August 2017)
� Rule 208a rescinded
� Remove major source requirements based solely on GHGs
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Permitting Changes/Additions – Air Toxics
� Rule 232: Change to averaging time for certain ITSLs
Many ITSLs updated from 8-hour to 24-hour (less stringent)
Rule Applicability Citation
Rule 224 T-BACT
Does not apply to sources in compliance with Rule 702
Rule 224(2)(c)
New Exemption for certain clean-burning equipment
Rule 224(2)(d)
Rule 225 New Exemption for certain clean-burning equipment
Rule 226(e)
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New Exemption from Air Toxics Requirements
Applicability Criteria
NEW Air Toxics Exemption(Rule 224 and 226)
Variance: Suspension of Enforcement of Rule 225
Effective Dates
Effective December 20, 2016
Extended until June 12, 2018
Emission UnitsEngines, turbines,
boilers/process heatersFuel burning equipment
FuelsNatural Gas, Diesel fuel, or
BiodieselNatural Gas
Capacity ≤ 100 MMBtu/hr ≤ 50,000 cf/hr
Stack Requirements
1.5 x building heightVertical, unobstructed
1.5 x building heightVertical, unobstructed
Building Setback
Requirement≥ 100 feet from property line None
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Air PermittingDevelopmentsAir PermittingDevelopments
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MDEQ Responding to Recent U.S. EPA Comments
� The use of “Test Protocol”
� The lack of Reference Test Methods
� Practical Enforceability of Permit Limits
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Permit Language Revisions
� Recent changes and updates to Permit language:
• No longer using “Test Protocol”
• High level citation of reference test method
• Enhanced language for monitoring and recordkeeping
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Removal of “Test Protocol”
� Change applied to:
• ROP Applications and Renewals
• New Installations or Modifications (NSR)
• Administrative changes/corrections opening a permit
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Replacement of “Test Protocol”
� Averaging Time specified in place of “Test Protocol”
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Permit Implications
� How is Averaging Time selected?
Michigan Air Pollution Control Rule 205(1)(a):
The time period shall be set in accordance with the
applicable requirements…
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Permit Implications
� What are “the applicable requirements”?
• NAAQS or PSD Increment
• Air Toxics Health-Based Screening Level
• Opt-out Limit
• BACT
• Federal Standard (NSPS or NESHAP)
� What is my unit’s operational variation?
� What does future compliance look like?
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Reference Test Method Citation
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Planning for Permit Changes
� Emission Estimates
� Compliance Methodology (Test Method)
� Operational Flexibility
� Discussion and Review Time
� Consider Permit Cleanup Options if available
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Ozone Nonattainment DesignationsOzone Nonattainment Designations
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Ozone (O3) Formation
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Air Quality Designations for Ozone
� October 1, 2015 Ozone NAAQS revised to 70 ppb (8-hour)
� EPA designations due October 1, 2017
• June 6, 2017 – Deadline extended one year due to insufficient information
• August 2, 2017 – Extension withdrawn
� October 1, 2017 back on?
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Air Quality Designations for Ozone
� MDEQ Designation Recommendations (October 2016)
• Recommended nonattainment:
• West Michigan: Allegan, Berrien, Muskegon
• Southeast Michigan: Livingston, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, St. Clair, Washtenaw, and Wayne
• U.P.: Schoolcraft County (tentative)
� 120 day letter
� Final Implementation Rule
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Designated Areas Not Attaining Ozone Standard
� Non-Attainment NSR Permitting
• Emission reduction Offsets
• LAER
• Alternative site analysis
• Sources in compliance
• Public involvement
� Challenges
• Standard very low
• Background impacts
• Transport
• Offsets
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Dispersion ModelingDispersion Modeling
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Policy and Procedure AQD-022
� Effective March 3, 1015
• Dispersion modeling
• Options to meet Stack Height Requirements
• Allowable emission rate of new or modified emission units
� Challenges Ongoing
• Reductions in emissions (net benefit) not recognized
• Qualitative option
• Short-term standards
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Appendix W to 40 CFR Part 51
� Guideline on Air Quality Models
• Revisions finalized October 20, 2016
• Federal Register January 17, 2017
• Effective date deferred to May 22, 2017
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Secondary Formation
� Ozone: NOx and VOC
� Secondary PM2.5: NOx and SO2
� Two-tiered demonstration approach (New Appendix W)
Tier 1: Use of relationships between emissions and ambient impacts (from existing models)
Tier 2: Sophisticated case-specific Chemical Transport Modeling
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Secondary Formation Challenges
� Tier 1: “MERPs”: Modeled Emission Rates for Precursors
• Guidance from EPA is still DRAFT
• Marquette, Montcalm, and Macomb
� EPA suggests use of SIL as “Critical Air Quality Threshold”
• Primary PM2.5 may exceed the SIL without considering secondary formation of PM2.5
• Ozone precursor thresholds
� Approved Modeling Protocol for PSD Projects
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Regulatory HorizonRegulatory Horizon
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� Modeling Guidance
� Ozone Nonattainment Designations
� CSAPR
� Clean Power Plan
� NSPS Subpart TTTT
Regulatory Horizon in Air Quality
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Future Changes/Modifications
� Peakers not a Listed Source Category
• New Sources have 250 tpy (PSD)
• Aggregation Consideration
� Changes to Major Sources “A2A” Analysis for Applicability
• Actual-to-Projected Actual
• Past Actuals may be Low
• Future Projected Emissions based on Business Plan
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