mobile computing
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
lightspeedteam
![Page 2: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Mobile Computing
![Page 3: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Content• Introduction to Mobile Computing• Mobile Communication• Mobile OS• Applications of Mobile Computing• Challenges Faced• Current trends & Future
![Page 4: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What is Mobile Computing?
• Computing?– The use or operation of computers
• Mobile?– Able to move or be moved freely or easily
![Page 5: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is Mobile Computing? Contd.
• Mobile Computing is using a computer (of one kind or another) while on the move
![Page 6: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What is Mobile Computing? Contd.
• Being able to use a computing device even when being mobile and therefore changing location (Portability is one aspect of mobile computing)
![Page 7: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What is Mobile Computing? Contd.
• Mobile computing is the ability to use computing capability without a pre-defined location and/or connection to a network to publish and/or subscribe to information
![Page 8: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What is Mobile Computing? Contd.
• Mobile Computing is an umbrella term used to describe technologies that enable people to access network services anyplace, anytime, and anywhere
![Page 9: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
How it all started
• 2400 BC in Babylon – the Abacus• 1936 – Z1 Computer (Konrad Zuse)• 1942 – ABC Computer• 1968 – HP 9100A• 1974 – Xerox Alto• 1975 – Altair 8800• 1975 – IBM 5100
![Page 10: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Where does Mobile Computing come in?
• The concept came around 1990s• Can be divided into a number of eras:
– Portability– Miniaturization– Connectivity– Convergence– Divergence– Apps– Digital Ecosystem
![Page 11: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1971 - Busicom LE-120A 'Handy-LE' Calculator
![Page 12: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
1981 – Osborne 1 Portable Computer
![Page 13: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
1982 - Grid Compass 1100 Clamshell Laptop
![Page 14: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
1983 - DynaTAC 8000x
![Page 15: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
1999 - Apple iBook G3 Wi-Fi-Enabled Laptop
![Page 16: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
2002 - Acer TravelMate TM-100 Laptop/Tablet Hybrid
![Page 17: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2007 - Apple iPhone
![Page 18: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Why go Mobile?
• No location barriers
• Increase in productivity
• Cloud computing
• Future prospects
![Page 19: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Mobile Communications
![Page 20: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
What is Mobile Communication?
• Communication network that does not involve a wire connection between two entities
![Page 21: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Three Types
Communication Methods
Cellular Data
ServicesWireless
Satellites
![Page 22: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cellular Data Services
1G •First Generation Networks
2G •Second Generation Networks
3G •Third Generation Networks
![Page 23: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
First Generation Networks
Used Analog Signals
Called “Brick Phones” and
“Bag Phones”
They were first
introduced for cellular
industry
![Page 24: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Second Generation Networks
• First digital cellular network• Improved sound quality• Better security
![Page 25: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
There are three common technologies used
CDMA
FDMA
TDMA
Frequency division multiple access(FDMA)
Time division multiple access (TDMA)
Code division multiple access (CDMA)
![Page 26: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
GSM Network?
• Global System for Mobile communication
• Standard set developed by “European Telecommunications Standards Institute”(ETSI)
![Page 27: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Third Generation Networks
• High-speed transmission• Advanced multimedia access• Global roaming
![Page 28: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
How is 3G Better?
• Several times higher data speed; • Enhanced audio and video streaming; • Video-conferencing support; • Web and WAP browsing at higher speeds; • IPTV (TV through the Internet) support.
3G has the following enhancements over 2.5G and previous networks:
![Page 29: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Wireless Technology
• the transfer of information between two or more points that are not connected by an electrical conductor.
![Page 30: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• Wi-Fi is a very common wireless technology that was developed in the 1990s
technically referred to as the 802.11 protocol
![Page 31: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Beyond 3G NetworksConclusion
Fourth generation of mobile wireless services
![Page 32: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Applications of Mobile Computing
![Page 33: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
APPLICATIONS OF MOBILE COMPUTING
![Page 34: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Applications
Emergency services
In companies
In courts
Credit card verification
Stock Information Control
For Estate Agents
Taxi/Truck Dispatch
Electronic Mail/Paging
Vehicles
Mobile Banking
![Page 35: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Emergency services
![Page 36: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
CDPD (cellular digital packet data)
Police Incident Information Screen
![Page 37: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
In companies
![Page 38: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Credit card verification
![Page 39: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
For Legal Purposes
(In courts)
![Page 40: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Stock InformationCollation/Control
![Page 41: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
For Estate Agents
![Page 42: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Taxi/Truck Dispatch
![Page 43: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Travelling Salesmen
![Page 44: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Web Access
• Outdoor internet access
![Page 45: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Vehicles
![Page 46: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Location Aware Services
![Page 47: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Entertainment
![Page 48: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Mobile Banking and Financial Services
![Page 49: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Electronic Mail /Paging
![Page 50: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Challenges faced in mobile Computing
![Page 51: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Challenges faced
1. Security & Privacy risks2. Unreliable & Unpredictable wireless links3. Mobility4. Limited Resources5. Potential Health Hazards6. Transmission interference
![Page 52: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
1. Privacy and Security risks
Authentication Encryption User anonymity
Instead of the actual directory telephone number, the international mobile subscriber identity number is used within the network to uniquely identify a mobile subscriber.
Threats Wi-Fi networks are a shared network that makes it easier for others to
eavesdrop on your communication• Devices are stolen and tampered• Cryptography• Connection
![Page 53: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Solutions…
• Secure web browsingUse secure encrypted sessions.
• Secure Internet TransactionsUse UCI’ s VPN to encrypt your network traffic.
• Always use a personal firewallSet the firewall to deny ALL incoming connections.
![Page 54: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
2. Unreliable & unpredictable wireless links
• Wireless links are not reliable.• They may vary over time and space.
![Page 55: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
3. Mobility
• This causes poor quality wireless links• And also causes intermittent connection
– Under intermittent connected networks, traditional routing, TCP, Application break.
• This changes context
![Page 56: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
4. Limited Resources
• Insufficient Bandwidth• High bandwidth variability• Low bandwidth
• Limited battery power Mobile computers must rely entirely on battery power. Combined
with compact size, this means unusually expensive batteries be used.
• Limited processing, display & storage
![Page 57: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
5. Potential health hazards• Potential health damages from cellular radio frequencies is not known
yet. However, more car accidents are related drivers who use mobile devices like mobile phones….etc.
![Page 58: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
6. Human interface with device• As screens are often too small. Keyboards are impractical especially one-
handed & alternate methods such as speech or handwriting recognition require training.
![Page 59: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Conclusion
• Mobile Computing has severe limitations & it’s far from impossible & technology improves all the time……
• Lots of challenges……• Some have (good) solutions and many others are still
waiting to be solved.
![Page 60: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Future of mobile computing
![Page 61: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Artificial Inteligence
![Page 62: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Integrated Circuitry
![Page 63: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Increase in the processing speed
![Page 64: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Smart phones
![Page 65: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Google glasses
![Page 66: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Netbooks Vs Notebooks
![Page 67: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
What do they have to say about future of mobile computing?
Micheal Dell(Chairman and CEO in Dell Inc)I think if you look at the small mobile devices that we have today, whether we hold them in our hand or otherwise, they are in fact personal computers. We don't think of them as personal computers. We
think of them as smartphones
![Page 68: Mobile computing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081518/548e58fcb47959c8038b45a7/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Richard Edelman(President and CEO in Edelman) I am fascinated by the “always-on” kids, the
presence of tabletsLee Rainie(Director Pew Research center’s Internet
and American life project) So it's giving more power to people to be their
own economic agents. It's also obviously extending their voices