Mobile sources of pollution are emitters of harmful gases into the atmosphere which can move from place to place.

These can include:

Road Sources• Cars & Motorbikes• Lorries• Public Transport

Non Road Sources• Planes• Marine Transport• Trains

1. Identify Key SourcesProper investigation to identify the main sources of pollution must be carried out to focus control efforts. Calculation of emissions and air quality , e.g. in Texas’ remote sensory tests, will provide an extensive dataset for use.

2. Regulate Vehicle ManufacturingEmission standards must be regulated to reduce ownership of high emitting vehicles. The EU Vehicle Emission Standards, Euro 6 2014, enforce limits with severe fines for manufacturers who fail to comply, improving engine efficiency in the industry.

3. Regulate Fuel SectorThe chemical content of fossil fuels must be regulated to remove as many harmful substances as possible from the combustion process, as seen in the removal of lead from petrol fuel.

4. Innovation Requirement of catalytic converters to change harmful materials in vehicle exhaust systems into less harmful substances has been a significant breakthrough in emission control. The process permits complete combustion at lower temperatures, reducing the quantity and severity of emitted materials.

Additionally, development of hybrid systems have reduced reliance on fully fossil fuelled vehicles.

5. Reduce fuel use/ Alternative Transport OptionsIntroduction of alternatives to fossil fuel vehicles, for example cycle lanes and footpaths. Furthermore, incentives to reduce fuel use, for example congestion charge or subsidies for cleaner forms of transport, will steer the public away from harmful emitters.

Control Methods of Principle Mobile Sources of Pollution

Why Do Mobile Sources Emit Pollutants?

Types of Harmful Emission3

1 What Are Mobile Sources?

• Burning of fossil fuels in the process of propelling vehicles results in a variety of harmful emissions.

• Fuel  + Air   Hydrocarbons + N02 + CO2 + CO+ H20

These emissions can be particularly severe in vehicles with incomplete combustion of the fuel, which can be caused by:

• Inadequate temperatures in engine• Uncoordinated cylinder ignitions • Insufficient oxygen in engine for ignition• Imperfect mixing of fuel and air

Common types of air pollutants from mobile sources are:

• Carbon Monoxide Sourced from incomplete combustion of carbon in vehicles. Can affect oxygen delivery to major organs when inhaled

• Carbon DioxideMajor greenhouse gas generated from combustion process of carbon, contributes to climate change.

• Nitrous OxidesDeveloped during high temperature combustion, can irritate airways and affect lung function over long exposure

• Hydrocarbons Leftover from incomplete combustion of fuel, causes smog, and can cause serious respiratory and cardiovascular problems.

• Atmospheric ParticulateIncomplete combustion in vehicles results in leftover visible air based matter, can penetrate lungs and develop respiratory problems e.g. asthma

• Air Based ToxinsToxic substances released from combustion, known or suspected to cause problems such as cancer

C0

C02

N0x

E.g.. Methane CH4 

E.g.. Soot 

E.g.. Benzene C6H6

Environmental Pollution Management, Assignment A- Gordon Best

Controlling Emissions

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Progress So Far 5Solutions have reduced atmospheric Concentrations of :Nitrogen Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Ozone Particulate Matter