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Leading the Wireless Broadband Revolution

Mobile WiMAX

December 2005

Aditya Agrawal aagrawal@beceem.comDirector of Marketing, Beceem Communications

Chair, Certification Working Group, WiMAX Forum™

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The Market Opportunity

0

20

40

60

0 12010080604020Years since the invention

Electricity1873

80

100%

BroadbandAccess1995

WirelessTelephony

1982

Internet1975

Radio1905

Telephony1876

WirelessBroadband

2006

Wireless Broadband has tremendous growth potential if …

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802.16 Standards

802.16(Dec 2001)

802.16a(Jan 2003)

802.16d(Q3 2004)

802.16e(Q4 2005)

- .16: Original fixed wireless broadband air Interface for 10 – 66 GHz

- Point-to-Point applications

- .16a: Amendment for 2-11 GHz- Targeted for non line of sight, Point-to-

Multi-Point applications like fixed last mile broadband access

- .16d: Revision to 802.16a to add Errata, Enhancements and WiMAX System Profiles

- 16d is mainly for fixed application

- .16e: Amendment for Mobile BW @vehicular speeds in licensed bands < 6 GHz

- Enables roaming for portable clients within & roaming for portable clients within & between service areasbetween service areas

-- 16e is for fixed/portable/mobile16e is for fixed/portable/mobile

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802.16-2004 and 802.16e

Fixed Outdoor Indoor unitPortable unit

Mobile unit Consumer Devices

802.16-2004 802.16e

Portable unit

BEST FITfor Converged Fixed/Mobile

Multi-media Services

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Broadband Wireless 16e Fills a Market Opportunity

Cov

erag

e /

Mob

ility

Fixe

dFi

xed

Por

tabl

eP

orta

ble

Mob

ileM

obile

802.11 a/g/n

2G

3G

2003 2006 2010 2012+

802.16e802.16e Future?

Performance GapMarketGap

Availability Gap

1000.1 1 10Data Rate (Mbps) per subscriber

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WiMAX Forum

Promote and guide market position WiMAX Establish global harmonization of WiMAX standards

Ensure products meet industry expectationsSecure Regulatory Commitments for global access to spectrum

Establish a Network Architecture framework for WiMAX ecosystemDefine and plan favorable services for WiMAX systems

WiMAX Forum

TechnicalWorking Group

MarketingWorking Group

Service ProviderWorking Group

CertificationWorking Group

RegulatoryWorking Group

NetworkWorking Group

ApplicationsWorking Group

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WiMAX EcosystemMarket

IEEE802.16

Network WG

TechnicalWG

CertificationWG

Service ProviderWG

RegulatoryWG

MarketingWG

IETF3GPP/2

TestLabs

Application WG

StandardsWiMAX Forum

CertifiedTM

Program

WiMAX Solution

Regulators

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WiMAX Market Projections

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

WiMAX Laptop Chipset Shipments

Fixed WiMAX Terminal Shipments

Mobile WiMAX Terminal Shipments

KoreaIndiaUS

ChinaJapan

Eastern EuropeLatin America

Mill

ion

Chip

sets

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WiMAX Spectrum Opportunities

Source: Intel – LSG APEC Meeting April ‘05

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Early Carrier InterestCountry Carriers Comments

Korea KT, SKT KT is highly interested in wireless services to complement its wireline business.

US Sprint Nextel Sprint Nextel looking to increase market share using the BRS spectrum they own

India BSNL, Reliance, Tata, Bharti

Lack of infrastructure creates a natural pull for standard based technology

UK BT Wireline carrier looking to expand into wireless business to become one stop shop

Japan KDDI Great interest in a high performance, low cost alternative to super 3G

China China Netcom Chinese government is putting more emphasis on WiMAX vs. 3G

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Wireless Broadband isn’t easybut it can be done!

Data rate depends on signal qualitySignal quality impacted by many factors

– Signal degradation over distance– Multi-path (signal shift in time)– Doppler (signal shift in frequency)– Fading (time based channel changes)– Interference from other users

802.16e uses advanced techniques to maximize signal quality

– Diversity– Opportunistic scheduling– Beamforming– MIMO

SINR Contours

Distance/(km)

Dis

tanc

e/(k

m)

64QAMQPSK

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Mobile Standard Salient Features

High DataHigh DataRatesRates

ScalabilityScalability

MobilityMobility

SecuritySecurity

Scalable PHY for flexible channel bandwidths (1.25Scalable PHY for flexible channel bandwidths (1.25--20 MHz)20 MHz)as global RF band allocations vary. as global RF band allocations vary.

Flexible frequency reFlexible frequency re--use schemes for network planning.use schemes for network planning.

QoSQoS Traffic types, Traffic types, QoSQoS with Service Flows, Advanced Schedulingwith Service Flows, Advanced SchedulingFramework, Adaptive Modulation & Coding, ARQ, HFramework, Adaptive Modulation & Coding, ARQ, H--ARQ ARQ

EAP authentication, Encryption with AESEAP authentication, Encryption with AES--CCM, CCM, CMAC Authentication mode, X.509 Certificates, Key Binding,CMAC Authentication mode, X.509 Certificates, Key Binding,

Device and User authentication capabilityDevice and User authentication capability

Secure Optimized Hard Handover, Secure Optimized Hard Handover, Fast BS Switching Handover, Soft Handover, Fast BS Switching Handover, Soft Handover,

Power Management with Sleep and Idle modesPower Management with Sleep and Idle modes

Larger MAC frames with low overhead, Advanced FEC, Larger MAC frames with low overhead, Advanced FEC, Adaptive modulation, HAdaptive modulation, H--ARQ for reducing packet loss, ARQ for reducing packet loss,

BeamformingBeamforming (AAS), Space(AAS), Space--Time Diversity, MIMO.Time Diversity, MIMO.

Source: Intel

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Why OFDM?TDMA and CDMA suffers in high delay spread channelsHow to combat frequency selective fading?

– parallel orthogonal flat narrowband channels

tfje 12π

tfje 22π

tfj Ne 12 −π

IFFTOrthogonal subcarriers → high spectral efficiencyFFT fast algorithm → large number of subcarriers, efficient to implementLow data rate on each subcarrier → low ISICombing with advanced FEC →reducing burst errors

Source: Intel

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Quality of Service

10MHz FAT Data Pipe10MHz FAT Data Pipe

Hybrid Hybrid ARQARQ

FastFastSchedulerScheduler

Resource Usage

Resource Usage

Resource Usage

Efficient resource usageLower delay [D=1/W(1-ρ)]Triple play enabled

Inefficient resource usageHigher delayDifficult to support fine QoS

1.25MHz1.25MHzNarrowNarrow

PipePipe

1.25MHz1.25MHzNarrowNarrow

PipePipe

1.25MHz1.25MHzNarrowNarrow

PipePipe

Per Per ConnectionConnection

QoSQoS

ChannelChannelQuality Quality

IndicationIndication

AMCAMC

Source: Intel

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Frame Structure – zoomed in2 or 4 OFDM symbols MIMO Zone SISO/Virtual MIMO Zone

Prea

mbl

e

( 1

OFD

M s

ymbo

l)

FCH

DL-

MAP U

L-M

AP Burst 3

Burst 4

Burst 5

Burst 6Bu

rst 7

Burst 9

Burst 10

Burs

t 8

IE

ACK/

NAC

KPe

riodi

c ra

ngin

g

DL sub-frame (35 OFDM symbols)

UL sub-frame (13 OFDM symbols)

Initi

al ra

ning

Burst 4

Burst 2

Burst 5

Burst 1

Burst 3

Burst 6

RTG

(29.

41 u

s)

TTG

(29.

41 u

s)

Prea

mbl

e

BF ModeBu

rst 1

Burs

t 2

CQ

ICH

ULC

S (o

ptio

nal*)

Mid

ambl

e(o

ptio

nal*)

IE

IE

IE

IE

IE

Frame Duration (5ms 49 OFDM symbols) MS switching time > 50us

* Depending on the decision of TTG/RTG values

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MIMO (Multiple I/P Multiple O/P)Two signals sent over 2 independent Radio Links each to users with 2 Rx terminals, using the same resource allocation

– Spectral efficiency (throughput) improves proportional to N

– Coverage reliability improves proportional to Sqrt N

Outdoor users

Mobile usersIndoor users

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Sub-carri

ers

Dedicated Traffic Data

time frequ

ency

Challenges in application:• Vehicular speed support • Cell site limitations • User peak rate support

propagation

channel

OFDM is more naturally Integrated to MIMO

Combined OFDM and MIMO

Source: Nortel

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Sub-carrier

Same resource granularitySame sub-channlizationallocationSame pilot patternOne additional MIMO_UL_Basic_IE processingBS can schedule MSs such that the combining channel matrix has two large Eigen Mode

MS1

MS2P1

P2

P1

P2

Tim

e

BS

SM

MLD

R

ecei

ver

Collaborative Spatial Multiplexing

Source: Nortel

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Beam-Forming (Phased Array)

RF

RF

RF

RF

BB

Signal sent over 4 independent Radio Links with phase adjustments

– Increases signal strength at receiver, good for low SNR and low mobility

I/O0II00I00II0I00III0I0I0I00I

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Opportunistic Diversity SchedulingMaps users to tiles (Freq.-time) with most favorable channel

Outperforms similar approaches in CDMA

User 2

FreqUser 1

Time

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Mobility – HandoverHandover Schemes

– Hard Handover (HHO)– Optimized Hard Handover (OHHO)– Fast Base Station Switching (FBSS)– Soft Handover (SHO)

Handover Control– Mobile initiated– BS initiated– Network initiated

Handover Scheduling– Non-overlapping Subchannels between sectors– Robust modulations in cell edge

Cell Selection– Neighbor Advertisements from Serving BS– Periodic intervals for scanning neighbor BS’s

Security for Handover– 3-way Handshake for Authentication Key

validation– TEK sharing for FBSS and SHO modes

MSMSBSBS

BSBS

BSBS

Serving SectorServing SectorNeighbor Sectors ScannedNeighbor Sectors ScannedSource: Intel

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Performance Focus

Low LatencyD/L Bandwidth

All IP

MobilityCoverage

Voice

3G

Next Gen

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Spectral Efficiency Comparison

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

UMTS EVDO HSDPA EVDO-RevA

802.16eSISO

802.16eMIMO

Bits

/Sec

/Hz

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Mobile WiMAX Industry Roadmap

4Q05 1Q06 2Q06 3Q06 4Q063Q05 1Q07 2Q07

IEEE802.16e

EquipmentAvailability

WiMAX ForumCertification

Carrier Trials/Deployments

US, Europe, China, India, Japan etc.Korea

ProfilesDefined

CertifiedEquipmentAvailable

2nd GenEquipment

1st GenTrials

TestingStarts

TestsDefined

Standardratified Continuing updates to standard

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WiBro Terminals Nov’06

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Leading the Wireless Broadband Revolution

Thank You !