moblie technology_001

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Presented By:Presented By:- - Karan Kumar Goyal,Karan Kumar Goyal,7080710244,7080710244,

EEE EEE- -II II

Guided By:Guided By:- - Vineet Sharma Vineet Sharma


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Group System for MobileGroup System for Mobile

OR OR

Global System for MobilesGlobal System for Mobiles


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HISTORY INTRODUCTION

CELLULAR COMPONENTSGSM COMPONENTSNETWORK STRUCTURE

SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULEGSM SECURITY ADVANTAGES OF GSMDISADVANTAGES OF GSM

CONTENT S CONTENT S


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The European Conference of Postal andTelecommunications Administrations

(ECPT) created the Group Special Mobile(GSM) to develop a standard for a mobiletelephone system that could be usedacross Europe.The first GSM network was launched in1991 by Radio-Linja in Finland with jointtechnical infrastructure maintenance fromEricsson.

H IS TORY H IS TORY


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I NTRODUCT I ON I NTRODUCT I ON

GSM is a cellular network, which meansthat mobile phones connect to it by searching for cells in the immediatevicinity.Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA)Frequency Division MultipleAccess(FDMA)3 billion people across more than 212countries and territories.


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Ce llular C o pon e nts Ce llular C o pon e nts

Cell Site(Base Station Equipment)Frequency System


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Ce ll Sit e Ce ll Sit e

LargeLarge CellsCells32 kms

High TransmissionPowerFew Subscribers

Sm art Sm art CellsCells0 .8 kmsUrban Areas

Many Subscribers


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Ce ll T yp e s Ce ll T yp e s There are five different cell sizes in a GSM networkmacro,micro, pico, femto and umbrella cells.Macro cells can be regarded as cells where the base station

antenna is installed on a mast or a building above average roof toplevel.Micro cells are cells whose antenna height is under average roof top level; they are typically used in urban areas.Picocells are small cells whose coverage diameter is a few dozen

meters; they are mainly used indoors.Femtocells are cells designed for use in residential or smallbusiness environments and connect to the service providersnetwork via a broadband internet connection.Umbrella cells are used to cover shadowed regions of smaller cellsand fill in gaps in coverage between those cells.


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GSM operate on four different frequency ranges.

GSM operate in 89 0 MHz - 96 0 MHz bands.In GSM network there are two frequencies:-

1. Uplink Frequency (89 0 MHz 915 MHz)

2. Downlink Frequency (935 MHz 960

MHz)3. Frequency Channel = 124 (2 00 kHz B/W)

F r eq u e ncy Syst em F r eq u e ncy Syst em


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G SM Ne twork C o m pon e nts G SM Ne twork C o m pon e nts

The Mobile StationThe Base Station System

The Network Switching System


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Mobil e Station (MS) Mobil e Station (MS) Mobile Equipment(ME)

1. Vehicle Mounted2. Portable Mobile Unit3. Handportable Unit


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Subscrib e r Id e ntity Modul e (SIM) Subscrib e r Id e ntity Modul e (SIM)

1. International Mobile Subscriber Identity-IMSI2. Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity-TMSI

3. Location Area Identity-LAI4. Subscriber Authentication Key-KI5. Mobile Station International Services Digital

Network-MSISDN


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B as e Station Syst em B as e Station Syst em

Connection b/w ME and MSCIts Components:-B ase S tation Controller( B S C)

1. Contains 4 0 BTSs.2. Handover phone signal without involving

MSC.B ase Tranreceiver S tation( B T S )M ake connection with mobiles


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T h e Ne twork Switching Syst em T h e Ne twork Switching Syst em

Mobile Services Switching Centre-MSCHome Location Register-HLR

Visitor Location Register-VLR Equipment Identity Register-EIR Authentication Centre-AUC

InterWorking Function-IWFEcho Canceller-EC


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The network behind the GSM system seen by thecustomer is large and complicated in order to provideall of the services which are required.

The Base Station Subsystem (the base stations andtheir controllers).The Network and Switching Subsystem (the part of the network most similar to a fixed network). This is

sometimes also just called the core network.The GPRS Core Network (the optional part whichallows packet based Internet connections).All of the elements in the system combine to producemany GSM services such as voice calls and SMS.


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NETWORK S TRUCTURE NETWORK S TRUCTURE


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Subscrib e r Id e ntity Modul e Subscrib e r Id e ntity Modul e

One of the key features of GSM is theSubscriber Identity Module (SIM),

commonly known as a SIM card .The SIM is a detachable smart cardcontaining the user's subscriptioninformation and phonebook. This allows theuser to retain his or her information afterswitching handsets


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G SM S ECUR I TY G SM S ECUR I TY GSM was designed with a moderate level of security.

PIN (Personal Identity Number) PasswordPIN2 (Personal Identity Number) PasswordPUK (Personal Unlock Keyword) Password(e.g.,144684 00 )


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Call Costs are becoming lower and lower everyday.Call quality is much more pure and secure in GSM.More and more value-added services like GPRS,

EDGE etc are coming everyday.Power is less consumed in GSM handsets comparedto CDMA handsets.If u have a tri-band GSM phone u can use it inalmost any part of the world.


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Call costs will still remain higher compared toCDMA. Roaming costs are much lower in CDMA compared to GSM.GSM phones can be tampered with. They havetheir unique IMEI number which is used to lock the phone permanently but now a dayssoftwares are available which can tamper themtoo.If your SIM is lost then all data is lost unless uhave it stored in the phones memory.


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THANKS THANKS TO TO

ALL OF YOU ALL OF YOU

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