Modal auxiliariesFATIHA ROYANXI TKJ 2

1. CA

N.. The modal auxiliary can is used :

• to express ability (in the sense of being able to do

something or knowing how to do something).

• to expression permission (in the sense of being

allowed or permitted to do something).

• to express theoretical possibility.

EX

AM

PL

E..

(+) I can speak English very well.

(−) They can’t come to her party

tonight.

(?) Can I meet you at the bus stop this

morning?

2. CO

UL

D..

The modal auxiliary could  is used :

• to express an ability in the past.

• to express past or future permission.

• to express present possibility.

• to express possibility or ability in contingent

circumstances:

EX

AM

PL

E..

(+) I could always play “congklak”

when I was child.

(−) I couldn’t play soccer well.

(?) Could I see your new doll?

3. WIL

L.. Will can be used :

• to express willingness:

• to express intention (especially in the first

person):

• to express prediction : specific, timeless, and

habitual

EX

AM

PL

E..

(+) I will sweep the floor.

(−) I won’t come to your office

tomorrow.

(?) Will you join us to go to the

movies?

4. WO

UL

D..

Would can be used :

• to express willingness.

• to express insistence (rather rare, and with a

strong stress on the word "would").

• to express characteristic activity : customary,

typical.

• to express a hypothetical meaning

• to express a sense of probability.

EX

AM

PL

E..

(+) We would go to Pulau Seribu on

next holiday.

(−) I think I wouldn’t meet them

tonight.

(?) Would you like some coffee?

5. SH

AL

L..

• Mainly used in American English to ask questions

politely (it has more usages in British English).

For the future tense, will is more frequently used

in American English than shall.

• Often used in formal settings to deliver obligation

or requirement:

EX

AM

PL

E..

(+) I shall go to abroad to continue my

study.

(−) The guest shall not enter this

room.

(?) Shall we go to the party now?

6. SH

OU

LD

Should can be used :

• in auxiliary functions to express an opinion,

suggestion, preference, or idea.

• to express that you wish something had

happened but it didn’t or couldn’t (should + have

+ past participle).

• to ask for someone’s opinion.

• to say something expected or correct.

EX

AM

PL

E..

(+) You have toothache, you should

go to a dentist.

(−) You shouldn’t wear expensive

jewelry.

(?) Should I teke a lots of money for

travel?

7. HA

VE

TO

..

Have to can be used :

• to express a strong obligation. I have to arrive at

work at 9 sharp. My boss is very strict.

• In British English, we often use 'have got to' to

mean the same as 'have to'.

• We can also use ' will have to' to talk about strong

obligations.

EX

AM

PL

E..

(+) I have to take this book back to the

library.

(−) You have not to listen this music.

(?) Have I to pay attention to you?

8. MU

ST..

Must is most commonly used :

• to express certainty.

• to express necessity or strong recommendation,

although native speakers prefer the more flexible

form "have to."

• "Must not" can be used to prohibit actions.

EX

AM

PL

E..

(+) You must to obey the rules in the

class.

(−) You must not chat in the class.

(?) Must I listen the teacher?

EX

ER

CIS

E..

1. I .... go to London tomorrow. (shall, can,

could)

2. You .... take an aspirin. (would, should, could)

3. .... you please help me? (can, should, would)

4. .... you mind clean the whiteboard? (would,

will, can)

5. I .... do my homework soon. (must, will,

should)

FU

NC

TIO

N..

The modals are used to do things like

talking about :

1. Ability

2. Permission

3. Request

4. Suggestion and advice

5. Offers and invitation

AB

ILIT

Y.. • I can swim like a fish.

• I couldn’t dance very well.

• She can speak several languages.

PE

RM

ISS

ION

..

• Can we go home now?

• Can I ask a question, please?

• You can go home now if you like.

RE

QU

ES

T..

• Could you take a message, please?

• Will you carry this for me, please?

• Coul I have my bill, please?

AD

VIC

E.. • You shouldn’t take a taxi for travel.

• You should take a warm coat.

• You should use credit card to buy

something.

OF

FE

RS

..

• Can I help you?

• Can I do that for you?

• Would you like some water?

SO

UR

CE

..

• http://

www.talkenglish.com/Grammar/auxiliary-verbs

-will-would-shall-should.aspx

• http://

grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/auxiliary.

htm

• http://

ismailmidi.com/english-130-auxiliary-verbs.ht

ml

• http://

www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/musthaveto

/menu.php

TH

E E

ND

..

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION ^^