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ATOLOB E Y O N D L A N G U A G E S

Modal verbs WOULD + short infinitive 1. Past form of will I thought I would be late, but in the end the train came on time. 2. Conditionals I think it would be very expensive to stay in a hotel in Paris. 3. Past conditionals It would have been difficult if we hadn’t got the contract.

Would you mind + -ing (= polite requests) Would you mind if I closed the window? Would you like (= offers / invitations) Would you like a cup of coffee? I would rather (= expressing preferences) I’d rather go home if that’s OK with you. MAY / MIGHT + short infinitive 1. when we are not sure about something He may / might come tomorrow. 2. very polite requests May / Might I ask you a question? In the past SHOULD / COULD / MUST / MAY / MIGHT HAVE + past participle

e.g. We should have settled for that amount, now it’s too late. e.g. She could have written that email herself. e.g. He looks worried. Something bad must have happened. e.g.They may / might have arrived hours ago.

He might have left the file on your desk, I’m not sure. (= speculation, guess) He’s not at the office, he must have left earlier. (= conclusion based on known details)