Slide 1

MODAL VERBS UNIT 8

Slide 2

If we are certain about something To talk about the present: MUST + Infinitive or CANT + Infinitive Example: He must be a doctor. Hes wearing a white coat. He cant be a doctor. He isnt wearing a white coat. To talk about the past: MUST+have+past participle or CANT+have+past participle Example: It must have taken you a lot of effort to do this writing. It is very good. It cant have taken you a lot of effort to do this writing, since it is full of mistakes.

Slide 3

If we are not certain about something ( but we think it is possible ) To talk about the present: MAY/MIGHT/COULD (perhaps) Example: The shops may/might/could be open today. The shops may not/might not be open today. To talk about the past: MAY/MIGHT/COULD+ Have + Past Participle Example: I think I might have forgotten my book in the car. To talk about the future: MAY/MIGHT/COULD + Infinitive Example: It might/may/could rain tomorrow.

Slide 4

To give advice SHOULD Recommendations. Example: You should focus more on your family. When you go to Paris, you should visit the Eiffel Tower. OUGHT TO Recommendations. The same as should but in a more formal way. Example: We all ought to use less electricity. MIGHT Suggestions. Example: You might visit the botanical gardens during your visit. MUST To give a strong advise to yourself or to others (based on your opinion). Example: You must try this cake, its wonderful.

Slide 5

OBLIGATION MUST/MUSTNT For stating rules. Strong external obligation. Example: You mustnt smoke here. You must wear your seat-belt while driving. HAVE TO/DONT HAVE TO Obligation, but not from outside Example: Children have to go to school. // I dont have to work on Sundays. SHOULD/SHOULDNT Mild obligation or advise. Example: You should save some money. You shouldnt smoke so much.

Slide 6

Im certain thats not Saras motorbike That Saras motorbike. The dog is very dirty. Its possible he swam in the sea The dog swum in the sea. Thats definitely the best restaurant in town That the best restaurant in town. Im sure your brother ate all the chocolate Your brother all the chocolate. Theres no possibility that they cooked this properly They cooked it properly. Im sure youre feeling full after all that food You feeling full after all that food. Im certain you didnt see Maria out of shopping You Maria out of shopping. Its possible the waiter didnt write down your order The waiter written down your order. EXERCISE

Slide 7

Im certain thats not Saras motorbike That cant be Saras motorbike. The dog is very dirty. Its possible he swam in the sea The dog might have swum in the sea. Thats definitely the best restaurant in town That must be the best restaurant in town. Im sure your brother ate all the chocolate Your brother must have eaten all the chocolate. Theres no possibility that they cooked this properly They cant have cooked it properly. Im sure youre feeling full after all that food You must be feeling full after all that food. Im certain you didnt see Maria out of shopping You cant have seen Maria out of shopping. Its possible the waiter didnt write down your order The waiter might not have written down your order. CORRECTION