modals. problems that students have using modals

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MODALS

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Page 1: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

MODALS

Page 2: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Page 3: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

3 AREAS

• MODALS DON’T FOLLOW THE RULES FOR SUBJECT/VERB AGREEMENT

• MODALS DON’T USE THE INFINITIVE FORM (TO)

• SOME LANGUAGES USE REGULAR VERBS OR ADVERBS INSTEAD OF MODALS

Page 4: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

A RIDDLE?

Page 5: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

WHEN DOES A 3RD PERSON PRESENT TENSE VERB NOT

NEED AN ‘S’ ?

Page 6: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

WHEN IT’S A MODAL!

Page 7: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

True modal auxiliaries are not like other auxiliary and main

verbs. They don’t need subject /verb agreement.

Page 8: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

The Form of English Modals

I can go I go

You can go You go

She/he/it can go She/he/it GOES

We can go We go

They can go They go

Page 9: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

MODALS AND LEXICAL VERBS

• HE WANTS TO GO. Yes or no?

• HE PLANS TO GO. Yes or no?

• HE CAN TO GO. Yes or no?

Page 10: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Modals do not have to follow the rule which says that an infinitive

must precede the 2nd verb in certain two-verb sequences.

Page 11: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Third area of confusion

Page 12: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Not all languages have modals – often verbs or adverbs are used to

perform the same function.

Page 13: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Modals can be combined with present and past tenses.

Page 14: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Present & past combinations

Base form of modal

Combined with present tense

Combined with past tense

Can Can Could

Will Will Would

May May Might

Shall Shall Should

Must Must Had to

Page 15: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Remember that just because we have present and past forms of modals it doesn’t mean that we only use the present form to talk about the present time or that we

only use the past form to talk about the past time.

Page 16: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

HOWEVER

THIS DOES HAPPEN WHEN WE ARE USING REPORTED SPEECH.

THEN THE MODALS REFLECT THESE PRESENT

TENSE/PRESENT TIME AND PAST TENSE/PAST TIME

CONNECTION

Page 17: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED (INDIRECT) SPEECH

Skippy: I can type. Skippy said that he could type.

Danie: I will go. Danie said that she would go.

Skippy: Shall I stay? Skippy asked if she should stay.

Charlotte: May I smoke? Charlotte asked if she might smoke.

Elizabeth: I must work. Elizabeth said that she had to work.

Page 18: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Modals and Quasi Modals

Multiword forms ending in to which function like true modals are called

quasi-modals

Page 19: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Examples

• Modals• Can• Will• Must• Should

• Would (=past habit)

• Quasi-modal• Be able to • Be going to• Have to , have got to• Be to, ought to, be

supposed to• Used to

Page 20: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Notice that quasi-modals do not exhibit the same formal

properties as the true modals in that the subject verb agreement rule must be applied (except for

ought to and used to and all quasi-modals require that a ‘to’ infinitive precede the main

verb

Page 21: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Rules for using Modals and Quasi –modals in a sentence

Page 22: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

We can should study hard for the test. M M

Page 23: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

.I am able to must do the assignment. QM M

Page 24: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

.I might be able to go to the film. MQ QM

Page 25: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

He will have to improve his English M QM

Page 26: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

He is going to have to improve his ? ? English .

Page 27: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

So what are the patterns that you can use?

Page 28: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Patterns

Modal + Modal = No

Quasi-modal +modal = No

Modal + quasi-modal = Yes

Quasi-modal + quasi-modal = Yes

Page 29: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

The meaning of modals

Page 30: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Situational versus logical probability

Page 31: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Situational uses of modals

• Making requests of a general nature

• Will/would/can/ or could you help me?

• Making specific requests for permission

• May/might/can or could I leave the room?

Page 32: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Although both the present and past forms of these modals can

be used in making requests , only the present tense forms are likely to be used in responses to

requests

Page 33: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Examples

• To general requests:• Yes, I can. • (Not – Yes, I could.)• Yes, I will• Not, Yes I would.)

• To requests for permission

• Yes, you may.• (Not Yes, you might.)• Yes, you can.• (Not Yes, you could.)

Page 34: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Reason for this?

Page 35: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Reason for this?

• Past tense forms of modals are considered more polite and less demanding that present forms- so the person making the request will use the past tense to ‘soften ‘ the request, however , the person being asked is not expected to ‘soften’ his/her response. More often a direct response is expected.

• Yes, I can. No, I can’t.

Page 36: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

If you saw me wearing a watch and you wanted to know the time

what would you say?Could you tell me the time?

Or

Would you tell me the time

Page 37: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Difference

Can/Could= is it possible

Will/would= willingness

Page 38: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Another use of Situational Modals is to give advice

• You might/could see a doctor.

• You should see a doctor.

• You had better see a doctor.

• You must see a doctor.

• You will see a doctor.

Page 39: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Additional uses of situational modals

Ability –can, be able to

Desire- would like to

Preference- would rather ___ than __

Page 40: MODALS. PROBLEMS THAT STUDENTS HAVE USING MODALS

Tomorrow we will look at the Logical uses of Modals.