modeling of reconnection of decentralized power energy sources using emtp atp ing. dušan medveĎ,...
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Modeling of Reconnection of Decentralized Power Energy Sources Using EMTP ATP
Ing. Dušan MEDVEĎ, PhD.
Železná Ruda-Špičák, 25. May 2010
FEI
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF KOŠICEFACULTY OF ELECTRIC ENGINEERING AND
INFORMATICSDepartment of Electric Power Engineering
Contents
• Theoretical problems of reconnection of decentralized electric sources in power system
• Choosing of suitable model of power system for reconnection of decentralized sources
• Simulations of chosen electric sources in power system model in EMTP-ATP
• Conclusion
Problems of Reconnection of Decentralized Power Energy Sources to Distribution Grid
Problems of reconnections of wind power plant:
• convention sources must be „on“ and prepared, in the case of wind power plants outage;
• dependence on actual meteorological situation;
• relatively small power of wind power plants;
• they are not possible to operate when the wind velocity is above 30 m/s or below 3 m/s.
Problems of reconnections of solar power plants:
• convention sources must be „on“ and prepared, in the case of solar power plants outage;
• problems with the season variations of sunlight (in December is 7-times weaker than in July);
• difference between night and day is very significant
Problems of reconnections of water power plants:
• they generate electric power only when the water flow is in allowable range;
Review of present possibilities of computer simulation of power system
at our department
• MATLAB/SIMULINK
• EUROSTAG
• PSLF
• EMTP-ATP
• ...
EMTP ATP(Electromagnetic Transient Program)
• Generally, there is possible to model the power system network of 250 nodes, 300 linear branches, 40 switchers, 50 sources, ...
• Circuits can be assembled from various electric component of power system:
• Components with the lumped parameters R,L,C;
• Components with the mutual coupling (transformers, overhead lines, ...);
• Morephase transmission lines with lumped or distributed parameters, that can be frequency-dependent;
• Nonlinear components R, L, C;
• Switchers with variable switching conditions, that are determined for simulation of protection relays, spark gaps, diodes, thyristors and other changes of net connection;
• Voltage and current sources of various frequencies. Besides of standard mathematical functions, there is possible to define also sources as function of time;
• Model of three-phase synchronous engine with rotor, exciting winding, damping winding;
• Models of universal motor for simulation of three-phase induction motor, one-phase alternating motor and direct current motor;
• Components of controlling system and sense points.
• This program EMTP ATP is not only computational. Because of better representation of results and simplifying of inputting data, this program has spread with another sub-programs as follows:
• ATPDraw – graphical preprocessor;
• PCPLot , PlotXY, GTPPLot – graphical exporting of ATP;
• Programmer‘s File Editor (PFE) – text editor for creating and editing of output files;
• ATP Control Center – program that concentrate all controlling sub-programs into one general controlling window.
EMTP ATP(Electromagnetic Transient Program)
Sources reconnection• There were reconnected various sources in different locations of power system
• First source was connected from the beginning of simulation, the second one was connected in 0,5 s and the third one in 1 s
• All parameters of components in power system were inserted as card data of given components
• Consequently, there were changed voltages and powers of connected sources
• The measured data (voltages, currents, ...) were recorded and evaluated in various nodes of network
• The maximal possible connected power were calculated and tested with permitted difference of voltages (quality of voltages must agree with conditions of ± 2 % from nominal voltage in grid)
• The result were evaluated for phase L1 (A), because the loads were almost symmetrical
Simulation of reconnection of two sources with the same values and the maximal voltage of 326 V
Sources reconnection
Simulation of reconnection of two sources with the same values and the maximal voltage of 400 V
Sources reconnection
Simulation of reconnection of two sources with the same values and the maximal voltage of 385 V
Sources reconnection
Simulation of reconnection of two sources with the various parameters and the maximal voltage of 391 V (2nd source) and 333 V (3rd source)
Sources reconnection
Power of first source, when it operates alone (0-0,5 s), with the second one (0,5-1 s) and consequently with third one (1-2 s)
Sources reconnection
Power of second source, when it operates with first one (0-0,5 s), and with the third one (1-2 s)
Sources reconnection
Maximal voltages, that are possible to reach with the respecting of ± 2 % voltage variation in every node:
Source 1: Um1 = 89815 V Source 2: Um2 = 391 V Source 3: Um3 = 333 V
Maximal immediate power measured in the closest distances from the sources:
Power of source 1 (single) = 2,2643 MW Power of sources 1 + 2 = 3,5280 MW = 2,2541 MW + 1,2739 MWPower of sources 1 + 2 + 3 = 3,5653 MW = 2,1458 MW + 1,2621 MW + 0,1574 MW
Sources reconnection
Simulations of transient phenomena
Complemented scheme for simulation of transient phenomenaM1,M2,M3 – places of failure event; measuring places
0V
3V
1V
2V
5V
4V
6V
7V
8V
9V
11V
12V
13V
14V
15V
16V
TR16
BCT
Y
V
01V
U1
TR0
BCT
Y
AFLCC
ABLCC
AGLCC
AHLCC
ACLCC
1.002 km
ADLCC
AELCC
AILCC
AJLCC
AK 0k
LCC
AALCC
TR11
BCT
Y
I
TR1
BCT
Y
TR10
BCT
Y
TR9
BCT
Y
AAO00LCC
TR2
BCT
Y
TR3
BCT
Y
ADALCC
TR13
BCT
Y
TR14
BCT
Y
TR4
BCT
Y
AEALCC
TRnz
BCT
Y
TR5
BCT
Y
AFALCC
AFBLCC
AFCLCC
AFDLCC
AGALCC
TR12
BCT
Y
TR8
BCT
Y
TR7
BCT
Y
TR6
BCT
Y
I17
V
V
10V
TR15
BCT
Y
I
110kV
M2
22 kV M3
M1
Simulated transient phenomena:• short-circuits• load (branch) disconnection• phase interruption• atmospheric overvoltage
Three-phase short circuit – overvoltage after short circuit elimination
Voltage characteristics before short-circuit creation in location M1, during short circuit and after short circuit, measured in location M1
(file 3fskrat_M1.pl4; x-var t) v:X0080A v:X0080B v:X0080C 0,040 0,062 0,084 0,106 0,128 0,150[s]
-80
-46
-12
22
56
90
[kV]
Three-phase short circuit – measured resultsMeasured place
Location M1 Steady state Overvoltage after shot-ciruit interuption
Peak current during short-circuit
Mutual distances [km]
U[V]
U[V]
ip[A]
M1 0 17309 88722 6533,5
M2 4,110 16969 69337 203,5
M3 8,121 16701 71948 36,453Measured place
Location M2 Steady state Overvoltage after shot-ciruit interuption
Peak current during short-circuit
Mutual distances [km]
U[V]
U[V]
ip[A]
M1 -4,110 17309 178560 3813,5
M2 0 16969 182420 3840,9
M3 4,011 16701 172670 36,373Measured place
Location M3 Steady state Overvoltage after shot-ciruit interuption
Peak current during short-circuit
Mutual distances [km]
U[V]
U[V]
ip[A]
M1 7,466 17309 45529 2453,3
M2 4,011 16969 48449 2432,2
M3 0 16701 57918 2402,8
Two-phase short circuit – overvoltage after short circuit elimination
Voltage characteristics before short-circuit creation in location M1, during short circuit and after short circuit, measured in location M1
(f ile 2f skrat_M1.pl4; x-v ar t) v :X0080A v :X0080B v :X0080C 0,040 0,062 0,084 0,106 0,128 0,150[s]
-90
-60
-30
0
30
60
90
[kV]
Two-phase short circuit – measured results
Measured place
Location M1 Steady state Overvoltage after shot-ciruit interuption
Peak current during short-circuit
Mutual distances [km]
U[V]
U[V]
ip[A]
M1 0 17309 86268 3122,3
M2 4,110 16969 71133 197,08
M3 8,121 16701 69032 36,822Measured place
Location M2 Steady state Overvoltage after shot-ciruit interuption
Peak current during short-circuit
Mutual distances [km]
U[V]
U[V]
ip[A]
M1 -4,110 17309 167630 2536,6
M2 0 16969 178690 2697,5
M3 4,011 16701 163660 36,975Measured place
Location M3 Steady state Overvoltage after shot-ciruit interuption
Peak current during short-circuit
Mutual distances [km]
U[V]
U[V]
ip[A]
M1 7,466 17309 69409 1881,2
M2 4,011 16969 67746 1854
M3 0 16701 98249 1938
One-phase short circuit – overvoltage after short circuit elimination
Voltage characteristics before short-circuit creation in location M1, during short circuit and after short circuit, measured in location M1
(f ile 1f skrat_M1.pl4; x-v ar t) v :X0081A v :X0081B v :X0081C 0,040 0,062 0,084 0,106 0,128 0,150[s]
-70
-40
-10
20
50
80
[kV]
One-phase short circuit – measured results
Measured place
Location M1 Steady state Overvoltage after shot-ciruit interuption
Peak current during short-circuit
Mutual distances [km]
U[V]
U[V]
ip[A]
M1 0 17309 78221 5100,5
M2 4,110 16969 47897 157,81
M3 8,121 16701 55168 36,45Measured place
Location M2 Steady state Overvoltage after shot-ciruit interuption
Peak current during short-circuit
Mutual distances [km]
U[V]
U[V]
ip[A]
M1 -4,110 17309 129130 2607,7
M2 0 16969 147370 2711,3
M3 4,011 16701 144980 36,43Measured place
Location M3 Steady state Overvoltage after shot-ciruit interuption
Peak current during short-circuit
Mutual distances [km]
U[V]
U[V]
ip[A]
M1 7,466 17309 55513 1672,5
M2 4,011 16969 59507 1641,2
M3 0 16701 91992 1676,2
Phase interruption
Voltage characteristics during phase interruption in location M1, measured in location M2
(file M1.pl4; x-var t) v:M2A v:M2B v:M2C 0,09 0,10 0,11 0,12 0,13 0,14 0,15[s]
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
[kV]
Voltage characteristics during phase interruption in location M1, measured in location M3
(f ile M1.pl4; x-v ar t) v :P17A v :P17B v :P17C 0,09 0,10 0,11 0,12 0,13 0,14 0,15[s]
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
[kV]
Phase interruption
Load disconnection
Voltage characteristics after disconnection of branch AFA, measured in location M1
(f ile AFA.pl4; x-v ar t) v :X0080A v :X0080B v :X0080C 0,09 0,10 0,11 0,12 0,13 0,14[s]
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
[kV]
Current characteristics after disconnection of branch AFA, measured in location M1
(f ile AFA.pl4; x-v ar t) c:X0080A-M1A c:X0080B-M1B c:X0080C-M1C
0,09 0,10 0,11 0,12 0,13 0,14[s]-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
[A]
Load disconnection
Atmospheric overvoltage
During the direct lightning strike to overhead line pole (HV), it is considered line impedance Z0=300-500 Ω and lightning current of I = 20 kA, then the theoretical peak voltage magnitude of overvoltage wave is in the range 3-5 MV.
HH
Atmospheric overvoltage
Simulation of direct lightning strike to bus bar 22kV in location M1
(f ile M1.pl4; x-v ar t) v :X0002A v :X0002B v :X0002C 0,00 0,03 0,06 0,09 0,12 0,15[s]
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
[MV]
Atmospheric overvoltage – measured results
Measured place
Location of failure M1 Steady state Overvoltage
Mutual distances [km]
U[V]
U[MV]
M1 0 17309 5,304
M2 4,110 16969 4,96
M3 8,121 16701 2,83
Location of failure M2
M1 -4,110 17309 2,65
M2 0 16969 4,01
M3 4,011 16701 4,28
Location of failure M3
M1 7,466 17309 5,28
M2 4,011 16969 6,23
M3 0 16701 10,43
Conclusion
• using of EMTP-ATP it is possible to relatively quickly consider connectivity of new power source (voltage change, short-circuit ratio, overvoltage, ...);• there were confirmed theoretical assumptions that the most important points with the highest quantity change are the closest branches to connection node, i.e.:- the highest increasing of voltage magnitude is in the node of source connection,- the highest increasing of short-circuit current is in the node of source connection,• if there were connected 3 sources, the voltage in the power system was increased to permitted maximum voltage, and then it is possible to connect another load to the grid without significant complications,• the similar procedure can be used for various small power systems