models and non standard model with neutrinos

Models and Non Standard Model with Neutrinos

Pilar Hernández University of Valencia/IFIC

SM + massive ns

Fogli et al 2012 (after T2K, Double-CHOOZ, Daya Bay, RENO)

3n mixing:

Standard 3n scenario

The flavour observables:

Masses Angles CP-phasesm1

2 < m2

2, m32 q12,q23,q13 d, a1, a2

Good prospects for CP volation

Coloma, Donini, Fernandez-Martinez,PH arXiv:1203.5651

New dofs puzzleNeutrinos are massive -> there must be new dofs in the SM

New dofs puzzleNeutrinos are massive -> there must be new dofs in the SM

Weinberg

?

SM

nSM

The good nSM• Explanation for the neutrino-charged lepton

hierarchy

The n flavour puzzle I

Why are neutrino masses so light ?


hierarchy• Explain the pattern of mixing

CKM

PMNS

Gonzalez-Garcia, Maltoni

PDG 2007

VCKM =

Differences are striking!

The n flavour puzzle II


hierarchy• Explain the pattern of mixing• Explain other open problems: DM, matter-

antimatter, oscillation anomalies, cosmology anomalies…

Massive Neutrinos & fundamental questions in Particle Physics and

Cosmology

Growth of structure

DM ?

DE ?

Baryons ?

Structure of the vacuum ?

Flavour Puzzle: twice as many pieces ?

Outlier I: LSND anomaly

-

LSND vs KARMEN

Appearance signal with very different

Not yet disproved at an acceptable level of confidence…

Pinning down the New physics scale

TeVGeVMeVkeVeV

Leptogenesis

Hierarchy problem or SUSY ?

SUSY GUTs

meV


TeVGeVMeVkeVeV

CMB, LSS Leptogenesis

LFV processes, Precision tests, LHC Hierarchy problem or SUSY ?

SUSY GUTs

meV

Neutrino osc.

Nucleosynthesis

bb0n

Baryogenesis


hierarchy• Explain the pattern of mixing• Explain other open problems: DM, matter-

antimatter, oscillation anomalies, cosmology anomalies…

• Do so, in a predictable and testable way !

No signal of SUSY/solution-of-hierarchy-problem at the LHC (yet)…

Occam’s razor


TeVGeVMeVkeVeV

Warm DM ?Hierarchy ?

GUT ?

meV

LSND, reactor anomalies?Extra radiation ?

Matter/antimatter asymmetry ?

1) Decoupling physics

2) LHC reach3) LSND reach

Ruchayskiy’s talk

Effective Theories of Neutrino Masses(model-independent)

If L >> v low-energy effects should be well described by an effective field theory:

Oid built from SM fields satisfying the gauge symmetries

Only one with d=5: Weinberg’s operator or neutrino masses !

Weinberg; Buchmuller, Wyler;…

Generically d=6 operators: rich phenomenology

d=6 phenomenology

Long list of flavoured-operators

• rare lepton decays: m -> e g • Z, W decays• rho parameter• W mass, …• violations of universality, unitarity,…

But…

la -> lb g

If just neutrino masses:

If also d=6 operators @one loop

MEG

Could d=6 be stronger ?

Yes if two independent scales in d=5, d=6 from a symmetry principle: lepton number Cirigliano et al 05, Kersten,Smirnov 07 ; Abada et al 07

Ld=5~LLN >> Ld=6 ~ LLFV ~ TeV

Origin of lepton/quark flavour violation linked to the LEW

Lepton number breaking scale higher and responsible for the gap between n and remaining fermions

Are d=6 flavour structures related to neutrino masses ?

(cd=5)ab ~ (cd=6)ab~ mn

All flavour violating effects determined by neutrino masses and mixings

Minimal Flavour Violation Chivukula, Georgi; Buras et al.;D’Ambrosio et al; Cirigliano et al; Davidson et al, Gavela, et al

Unfortunately not the case for most popular models of neutrino mass (ex. Type I seesaw)

?

BSM and Neutrino Masses(Up->Down approach)

New physics scaleType I see-saw: interchange a heavy singlet fermion

Minkowski; Gell-Mann, Ramond Slansky; Yanagida, Glashow…

New physics scaleType II see-saw: interchange a heavy triplet scalar

Konetschny, Kummer; Cheng, Li; Lazarides, Shafi, Wetterich …

New physics scale

Type III see-saw: interchange a heavy triplet fermion

Foot et al; Ma; Bajc, Senjanovic…

New physics scaleAlso from loops ! Zee-Babu

Systematic exploration of 1-loop generated Weinberg interaction

Bonnet et al 2012

Effective see-saw theories

Also d=6 operators

Type I

Type III

Type II

Gavela, Broncano, Jenkins; Abada, et al

Non-unitarity in mixing !

Type I SeesawMost general (renormalizable) Lagrangian compatible with SM gauge symmetries:

Y: 3 x nR MN: nRx nR

ms

mn

Ye

One scale see-saw models

Type I or III + (approx) Lepton number

mn M2N/m

Inverse Seesaw

Y unsuppressed: -> LFV effects at LHC, large m-> e g, etc -> heavier spectrum MN, Yv

v MN/m

Direct Seesaw

mn

nR

L= +1 -1 +1

Wyler, Wolfenstein; Mohapatra, Valle; Branco, Grimus, Lavoura, Malinsky, Romao,…

Kersten,Smirnov 07; Abada et al 07; Gavela,et al 09

Minimal Flavour type I seesaw model

Only two extra Weyl fermions + SM

Y, Y’ complex vectors, L, m, m’ numbers

Gavela, Hambye, Hernandez, PH 09

Neutrino masses & mixings determine Y up to a global normalization (and Majorana phase)

Normal hierarchy

Inverted hierarchy

Minimal type I seesaw model

Also Raidal, Strumia, Turzynski 2004; Ibarra et al 2010

NH

IH

Complementarity of CLFV and neutrino oscillations

Gavela, Hambye, Hernandez, PH 09

Dinh, Ibarra, Molinaro, Petcov 2012

CLFV within reach

LLFV ~ TeV: direct searches at LHC ?

Generically it is needed

• Gauge interactions of extra fields for large enough production (ex. type II and type III)

• Low enough masses for kinematical constraints

Keung, Senjanovic;…

Type II: Han et al;Garayoa, Schwetz; Kadastik,et al ; Akeroyd, et al; Fileviez et al, del Aguila et al

Type III: Franceschini et al; Arhrib et al; Eboli et al…

Eboli, Gonzalez-Fraile, Gonzalez-Garcia 2011

Minimal Flavour See-saw III at LHC

CMS-PAS-HIG-12-005

Type II seesaw

In order to accommodate a new

• Need at least four (ns ≥1) distinct eigenstates • Apparently CP violating effect needed (signal LSND/MB anti-n not MB n) ns ≥ 2 • Tension appearance (signal) and disappearance (no signal) ?

• Tension with cosmology ?

LSND anomaly

Outlier II: reactor anomaly

Re-calculation of reactor fluxes:old fluxes underestimated by 3%:

Mueller et al, ArXiv: 1101.2663

Outlier III: Cosmology

Sterile species favoured by LSS and CMB

Nucleosynthesis:

Hamann et al, ArXiv: 1006.5276

Izotov, Thuan

3+2 neutrino mixing modelParametrized in terms of a general unitary 5x5 mixing matrix (9 angles, >6 phases physical)

Kopp, Maltoni, Schwetz (KMS) arXiv:1103.4570 Giunti, Laveder, (GL) arXiv:1107.1452

Significant improvement over 3n scenario, but tension appearance/disappearance remains

Pheno 3+ns mixing models ? Assumes a general mass matrix for 3+ns neutrinos: what is that model ?

3xns3x3

Assumes a general mass matrix for 3+ns neutrinos:

Gauge invariance

Effective theory: MLL parametrizes our ignorance about the underlying dynamics (eg. a model with nR > ns, where the heavier states are integrated out)

Pheno 3+ns mixing models ?

Type I see-saw models

Light sterile states! De Gouvea, hep-ph/0501039De Gouvea, J. Jenkins, Vasudevan hep-ph/0608147

Minimal modelsMost general (renormalizable) Lagrangian compatible with SM gauge symmetries:

Donini, PH, Lopez-Pavon, Maltoni 2011; De Gouvea et al 2011;

3+2 minimal much more predictive than 3+2 pheno

Inverse Hierarchy

Normal Hierarchy

Heavy-light mixings are predicted up to a complex angle z45 and two CP phases !

Heavy-Light Mixings

Suppressed in and

Suppressed only in

3+2 MM vs 3+2 PM vs 3n

Donini, PH, Lopez-Pavon, Maltoni, Schwetz ‘12

e m t

Large tau mixings to heavy states

Heavy-Light Mixings

Constraint on

Constraint on

Significant improvement over 3n scenario, but large tension appearance/disappearance in m sector remains (MINOS CC high energy)

Tension with cosmology that favours extra lighter states

New info from T2K ND ?

BUT….

We are still lacking an independent confirmation of LSND at the same level of confidence…

New experimental programme ahead by SBL: Mauri’s Talk

?

A hierarchy ?

Conclusions •A espectacular experimental progress in neutrino physics has openeda whole new flavour sector in the SM

•But neutrino masses require new dofs and most probably a new energy scale

•No hint of the scale…

SUSY-GUTs

1015GeV0 TeV

Dirac n

Rich phenomenology: must be explored systematically !

n’s have the highest score at bringing surprises…

….ask these people

BACKUPS

Flavour Symmetries ? A lot of work has been devoted to justify the tri-bimaximal mixing features of U:

But data is getting further away from TB…

Incorporating deviations very model dependent…

Or Anarchy ? Doing just fine…

De Gouvea, Murayama 2012

Dark portalsOnly two gauge and Lorentz invariant combinations in SM with d <4

Bosonic

Fermionic

Any hidden sector singlet under SM gauge group can couple to the dark portals

Schabinger, Wells 05Patt Wilczek 06

MiniBOONE- n

-

Low energy excess…but not expected if LSND right

Neutrino run 200 MeV ≤ En ≤ 3 GeV

MiniBOONE-n

-

Compatible with LSND !

Anti-Neutrino run

475-1250MeV 1250-3000MeVExcess 20.9 ±13.9 3.8±5.8

LSND-best fit 22 3.5

–

Leptogenesis Most interesting and robust implication with these models

Works out in Type I Fukuyita, Yanagida,… Type II Ma,Sarkar, Hambye Type III Hambye, Li, Papucci, Notari, Strumia

Recent progress: flavoured leptogenesis -> follow dynamics of Le, Lm, Lt

Relaxing bound on light neutrino mass

Abada, et al; Nardi, et al

Leptogenesis stew

M N

,D,S > 10

9 G

eV

mn <

few

eV

But neutrino mass matrix does not provide the exact recipe!

L vi

olat

ion

CP

vio

lat io

n

Type II with LLFV << LLN

LLN = MD2/m LLFV = MD

If m=0 -> exact L

LFV could be measurable from d=6 operators and fully correlated with neutrino oscillations

Spectacular effects at LHC also fully correlated with neutrino oscillations

m-> e g Chakrabortty, Ghosh, Rodejohann

See-saw II: Pair-production of charged triplet scalars

pp-> H++ H-- -> l+l+l-l-

Flavour structure one-to-one to mn ! BR(H++ -> la+lb+ ) ~ |Mab|2

Han et al;Garayoa, Schwetz; Kadastik,et al ; Akeroyd, et al; Fileviez et alKeung, Senjanovic;…

models and non standard model with neutrinos

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