moderated by jim grant, hntb and siab will thurmond ......mar 25, 2021 · stephanie meyn, port of...

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March 25, 2021ZPH Virtual Session

Moderated by Jim Grant, HNTB and SIAB

Will Thurmond, Emerging MarketsStephanie Meyn, Port of Seattle

ZPH Virtual session

Infrastructure and Challenges related to Sustainable Aviation Fuels at Airports


Next ZPH Virtual sessionNature and Health. Green Indoor Infrastructure Friday, April 9 11:00am EDT

Moderated by Prof. Charles Waldheim, GSD

Our research at the Zofnass Program is founded on the principle that buildings are clients and servers to the infrastructure systems, forming an integrated city system of systems. We have applied this concept to energy, water, transport, solid waste, food. This workshop links the landscape infrastructure to the interior of the buildings being an integral part of the city’s landscape infrastructure.

Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) Introduction & Outlook A selection of key findings from Renewable Diesel & SAF 2030 study

Prepared For: Zofnass Program for Sustainable Infrastructure at Harvard University, March 25 at 11 am EDT

William Thurmond President & CEO, Emerging Markets Online http://www.emerging-markets.com [email protected]

Author, Renewable Diesel & SAF 2030, Drop-In Fuels 2020, Biodiesel 2020, Algae 2020 Studies

Emerging Markets Online www.emerging-markets.com E [email protected] Tel 713 429 4905 (Houston )

BIO - Will Thurmond, President and Author, Renewable Diesel & SAF 2030

- Market research and consulting services professional for 25+ years

- Author: Renewable Diesel & SAF 2030, Drop-In Fuels 2020, Biodiesel 2020 and Algae 2020 studies

- Thought Leadership Columnist, Biofuels Digest, Biofuels International and Renewable Energy World

- Moderator and speaker at 70+ energy, infrastructure and biofuels industry conferences 2006-2021

- Former Co-Chair, Greater Houston Partnership’s Biofuels Task Force

- Former Chairman of R&D, American Biofuels Council

- Former Energy Advisor, Start –Up Incubator Houston Technology Center

-- Commentator, Biochannel.TV, TerraTech on Radio Free America


Snapshot of Sustainable Aviation Producers and Feedstocks from Renewable Diesel & SAF 2030 study


1. Introduction to Sustainable Aviation Fuels


Why Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF), Now?

Challenges and Opportunities for New Feedstocks and Lower-Carbon Fuels

NEW GHG REGULATIONS BRING NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR AVIATION INDUSTRY

1. Low Carbon Fuel Initiatives Bring Opportunities to Airports: US, EU, Americas, Asia

2. New Initiatives for Sustainable Aviation – COP21 Corsia (U.N.) Program Begins 2021

3. New Opportunities for Low-Carbon Biofuels Producers to Address Fuel Demands and Feedstocks to Emerging Markets like :

1. California’s LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard). – With a Target of 20% Petroleum Diesel Replacement by 2030 With Lower-Carbon Bio-Based Fuels

2. E.U – a leader in Sustainable Aviation and The Largest Diesel/Biodiesel Market In The World


USA: GHG Emissions Criteria Prevail in U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) and in California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS)

Source: US Renewable Fuel Standard GHG Criteria, Energy Information Administration, United States Department of Energy


USA: Sustainable Aviation Fuels and Renewable Diesel Production Facilities

Source: Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Institute (CAAFI)


California: Big Growth in Due to the State’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard GHG CO2 Scheme

Emerging Markets in Oregon, British Colombia,

Canada following California’s LCFS Model


SAF & BIOFUEL GROWTH: LCFS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST NEW BIOFUEL REFINERIES, PETRO REFINING CO-PROCESSING OF BIO-BASED FEEDSTOCKS

Source: National Biodiesel Board (NBB)


California Low-Carbon Feedstocks: Measured by GHG Carbon Intensity Score

Source:: California Air Resource Board (CARB) List of Certified Low-Carbon-Fuel-Standard P:athways for Feed stocks Measured by Carbon Intensity, 2017


Carbon Intensity Values in $/Gallon by Feedstock – UCO, DCO, VGO, Animal Fats Credits from Low Carbon, Non-Food Feedstocks (Used Cooking Oil, Beef Tallow, Distillers Corn Oil) Drive Growth

� Source: NBB. http://www.iowabiodiesel.org/documents/filelibrary/documents/2018_pdfs/Shelby_Neal_53FA09E44DAA1.pdf


Carbon Intensity Values in $/Gallon Credits from Low Carbon Feedstocks (UCO, Tallow, DCO) Drive Growth Threshold for Low Carbon Fuel Standard is a C.I. Carbon Intensity score of 50. ----------------------- --------- FEEDSTOCK/C.I. PRICE/GALLON ----------------------- --------- UCO = 19 $1.49 Corn Oil – 28 $1.32 Tallow = 32 $1.24 Canola = 50.23 $0.91 Soy = 51.83 $0.88 Values calculated at $150/MT Source:NBB


Europe: Renewable Energy Directive (RED2) and Targets 2020 to 2030, by Country

�Source: European Biodiesel Board


EU Outlook: RED2 Targets for Sustainable Aviation Fuels

�Source: SkyNRG


SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUELS: PLAYERS, FEEDSTOCKS, TRENDS & OUTLOOK


Sustainable Aviation Fuels Take Off


GLOBAL BIOFUELS AND SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUELS OPPORTUNITIES

U.N. IEA Models Require Low Carbon Fuels, Feedstocks

�Source: IEA Technology Roadmap


Key Outlook: CORSIA Deployment Timeline for Aviation in Three Phases

� Source: Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), I International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) , United Nations, IEA (International Energy Agency) Drop In Fuels for Marine and Aviation Conference


Renewable Diesel & SAF 2030 Database: SAF Offtake Agreements

� Source: Sustainable Aviation Fuels 2030 database, Renewable Diesel & SAF 2030 study, Emerging Markets Online


Current View: Five Airports With Regular Commercial SAF Flights (more coming)


Sustainable Aviation Fuels: Producers and Partnerships


NESTE: is 1 of 2 commercial Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) producers today

� Source: Neste


World Energy is one of the two largest producers of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF)

� Source: World Energy


Local and Global Strategic Partnerships (Fulcrum)

Source: Fulcrum, 2019 CARB Conference in Berkeley, CA


Local and Global Strategic Partnerships (Gevo-Alaska and Lufthansa)

� Source: Gevo


Strategic Partnerships With Airlines Rise (Red Rock & Southwest, Fedex)

� Source: Red Rock Biofuels


Local and Global Strategic Partnerships (Fulcrum-BP Air)

� Source: British Petroleum, BP Air


SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUELS: WHAT’S NEXT?

¾ COP21 GHG Targets, Volumes

¾ Low- Carbon Feedstock Development ¾ Technology Commercialization


Global Targets: CORSIA Deployment Timeline for Aviation in Three Phases

� Source: Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), I International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) , United Nations, IEA (International Energy Agency) Drop In Fuels for Marine and Aviation Conference

Source: IATA, 2015, updated 2018

SUSTAINABLE AVIATION BIOFUELS GOALS & TARGETS: By State and Aviation Organizations


Source: Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Institute (CAAFI)


Sustainable Aviation Fuels Economics: Timelines & Forecasts


OPEX: Cost - Estimated Minimum Selling Fuel Price of Biojet Fuels by Conversion Technology and Feedstock Type

�Source: Biofuels for Aviation Brief, IRENA

�MFSP (Minimum Selling Fuel Price) of Bio-Jet Fuel Based on Technical and Economic Analysis


OPEX: Summary of Comparative Production Costs – HVO vs UCOME vs FT vs Pyrolysis Coprocessing & Stand Alone Pyrolysis

Source: 19_0306_DBFZ_Mueller-Langer_Renewable-fuel-options-for-Germany-within-RED-II-frame.pdf LINK here


OPEX: Summary – Aviation Biofuels (HEFA) cost 30-40% more to produce than Renewable Diesel (HVO) due to higher yield losses and Hydrogen energy needs

Source: European Technology Innovation Platform, SGAB Sub-Group, Cost of Advanced Biofuels, Final Version


Source: United Airlines IATA Alternative Fuel Symposium


Outlook: Investment Scenarios for Sustainable Aviation Fuels

Source: European Technology Innovation Platform, SGAB Sub-Group, Cost of Advanced Biofuels, Final Version


�Source: IEA Technology Roadmap

Outlook: Regulatory Demand for Sustainable Aviation Fuels to 2030


Outlook: Production of Sustainable Aviation Fuels to 2030


Renewable Diesel & SAF 2030 Study Outline / Table of Contents

1. Renewable diesel / HVO trends

2. Global markets and producers

3. Country-specific markets and producers

4. Case studies - HVO and Co-processing producers

5. SAF fuels, markets, players, trends

6. Maritime IMO 2020 shipping trends

7. Feedstock trends for low-carbon fuels

8. Technology trends for low-carbon fuels

9. Forecasts – Short, Mid and Long Term

Presentation includes excerpts from selected chapters of the Renewable Diesel & Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) 2030 study

Published by

Emerging Markets Online

Thank You

Will Thurmond

President & CEO, Emerging Markets Online

Author, Renewable Diesel & Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) 2030

http://www.emerging-markets.com

[email protected]

3/25/21

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Moderated by Jim Grant, HNTB and SIAB

Will Thurmond, Emerging MarketsStephanie Meyn, Port of Seattle

ZPH Virtual session

Infrastructure and Challenges related to Sustainable Aviation Fuels at Airports


by Jim Grant, HNTB

March 25, 2021

ZPH Virtual session

Aviation Fuel Infrastructure(Storage and distribution of airfield fuel on airports)

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Agenda

Hydrant Fuel Storage and Distribution Systems• Delivery to Airport• Storage• Hydrant Distribution• Electrical• Fire Protection• Cathodic Protection• Leak Detection

Charging Stations for Electric aircraft• Hybrid- or turboelectric aircraft (ten passengers)

Hydrogen Fuel Storage and delivery• Liquified hydrogen storage• Refueling time• Physical dangers

SEA SAF Concept: Fuel Delivery to Airport, Storage on Airport and Supply to Aircraft


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Components of anAviation Fuel System

• Delivery to Airport

• Storage

• Hydrant Distribution

• Electrical

• Fire Protection

• Cathodic Protection

• Leak Detection

Aviation Fuel System

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Click to edit Master title styleAviation Fuel Delivery to Airport - Pipeline


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Click to edit Master title styleAviation Fuel Delivery to Airport –Tanker, Rail, Barge

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Aviation Fuel Storage

Fuel Storage• Pipeline

• Tanker Truck

• Rail Car

• Barge


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Aviation Fuel Hydrant Distribution

Fuel Hydrant Distribution• Pumps

• Pipe

• Isolation Valve Vaults

• High Point Vents

• Low Point Drains

• Hydrant Pits

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Click to edit Master title styleAviation Fuel Hydrant Distribution


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Aviation Fuel Electrical

EFSO, Power, Communications• Emergency Fuel Shutoff System

• Normal Power (Pumps, MOVs)

• Emergency Power

• Hazardous Area Classifications

— Class 1, Division 1 & 2

• Communications

• Control Building


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Aviation Fuel Fire Protection and Standards

Fire Protection• AFFF Systems for Storage Tanks

• Water Suppression

• Secondary Containment

• NFPA 407 – Aircraft Fuel Servicing

• NFPA 415 – Fueling Ramp Drainage

• NFPA 497 – Electrical in Hazardous (Classified) Locations

• ATA 103 – Jet Fuel Quality Control

• B31.3 – Process Piping

• API 650 – Welded Tanks for Oil Storage

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Aviation Fuel Cathodic Protection

Types of Cathodic Protection• Sacrificial Anodes

• Impressed Current


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Aviation Fuel Leak Detection

Types of Leak Detection• Hansas Consult

— Dual pressure system that tracks leakage based on leak rate change

• Vista HT-100

— Dual pressure system that tracks leakage based on volume change

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Hybrid Aircraft

Electric Aircraft


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Turboelectric Aircraft

Electric Aircraft

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Click to edit Master title styleCharging Stations for Electric Aircraft


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Hydrogen Fuel Storage and Delivery

Hydrogen propulsion: • Hydrogen can be combusted through

modified gas-turbine engines

• Hydrogen can be converted into electrical power (Fuel Cells) that complements the existing aircraft gas turbine engines

• The combination of both creates a highly efficient hybrid-electric propulsion chain powered entirely by hydrogen

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Click to edit Master title styleHydrogen Powered Aircraft Airbus ZEROe


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Hydrogen Fuel Storage and Delivery Safety Concerns

Hydrogen Fuel Storage and DeliverySafety Concerns

Types of Leak Detection• Liquified hydrogen storage

• Refueling time

• Chemical dangers

— Heating may cause violent combustion or explosion

— Reacts violently with air, oxygen, halogens and strong oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard.

• Physical dangers

— The gas mixes well with air, explosive mixtures are easily formed

— The gas is lighter than air.

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Hydrogen Fuel Production and Delivery

• By far the most common method to produce hydrogen is through steam-methane reforming (SMR)

• Steam reacts with the natural gas (methane) at very high temperatures to produce syngas (a hydrogen carbon monoxide mixture)


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Hydrogen Fuel Production and Delivery

Gaseous hydrogen is liquefied by cooling it to below −253°C (−423°F). Once hydrogen is liquefied it can be stored at the liquefaction plant in large insulated tanks. It takes energy to liquefy hydrogen—using today's technology, liquefaction consumes more than 30% of the energy content of the hydrogen and is expensive

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Hydrogen can be physically stored as either a gas or a liquid. Storage as a gas typically requires high-pressure tanks (5000–10,000 psi tank pressure). Storage of hydrogen as a liquidrequires cryogenic temperatures because the boiling point of hydrogen at one atmosphere pressure is -252.8°C.

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Hydrogen Fuel Storage and Delivery


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Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)• five airports have regular biofuel distribution today (Bergen, Brisbane,

Los Angeles, Oslo and Stockholm)

• less than 5% of all airports handle 90% of international flights, means SAF availability at a small number of airports could cover a large share of demand

• five aviation biofuel production pathways are approved for blending with fossil jet kerosene

• only one – hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids synthetic paraffinic kerosene (HEFA-SPK) fuel – is currently technically mature and commercialized

• Sustainable aviation fuel, or SAF, is a subset of drop-in alternative jet fuels that is produced from renewable or waste-based feedstocks

• Drop-in alternative jet fuels are Jet A/A-1 fuels that meet requirements per ASTM D1655 (US),

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Sustainable Aviation Fuel Projects• 4 New ASTs (settling tanks) adding 10MG (238,095 BBL)

• Install a 500,000-gallon blending tank and 100,000-gallon Sustainable Aviation Biofuels (SAB) receipt tank

• Install piping, pumps, valves

• Expand the Fuel Farm Spill Containment Berm

• Construct a truck fuel rack to support the delivery of SABs for blending


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Q&A

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Sustainable Aviation Fuel at Airports

Stephanie Meyn

Climate Program Manager

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Scope of the Challenge

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SAF role in meeting decarbonization targets

SAF and the Sustainable Development Goals• Increasing the use of SAF helps to work

towards SDG 7 (Affordable and clean energy) and SDG 13 (Climate action)

• Diversifying feedstock can support SDGs 1 & 10 through economic growth

• As the production of SAF is scaled up, some impacts on SDG 6 (Clean water and sanitation) and SDG 15 (Life on land).

• More at https://aviationbenefits.org/un-sustainable-development-goals/

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Jet Fuel Emissions in Context• Represent 20-30 % of an airlines’

total expenses

• Airlines use 18 billion gallons per year in the U.S. alone

• At SEA (8th busiest in US), airlines use 700 million gpy

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Airport Role in Developing SAF Industry

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Sustainable Aviation Fuel Program History

• 2008-2014 – SEA is early supporter of research & development, and charting a path to commercial scale SAF

• 2015 – SEA shifts to a Market Development Role

Infrastructure Feasibility Study

• Evaluated sites for storage and blending infrastructure

• Sites must accommodate pipeline, rail, barge, and truck delivery of SAF and allow for integration with SEA’s hydrant fueling

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Innovative Funding Study

What role SEA could play in:

• Covering the incremental cost of sustainable aviation fuels

• Incentivizing or financing sustainable aviation fuel infrastructure

SAF Goal adopted in 2017

Commission Motion: 10% SAF at SEA by 2028

• Equivalent to 70 million gallons of “neat” SAF

• Annual worldwide production < 5 million gallons

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Strategic Plan

1) Airline-Airport Cooperative Model

2) Policy Support

3) Approval for SAF Co-benefits Expenditures

4) Education & Advocacy

Northwest Feedstock Assessment

Can we meet the 10% SAF goal with regional feedstocks?

• Yes, from Municipal Solid Waste or Forest Residuals

• Finished cost not competitive without policies or incentives

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Airport-Airline Cooperative Models

Many Ways to Address Fuel Cost Difference

Note: illustrative and not specific to any true program or policy

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Airline-Airport Cooperative Models

• At SEA, developed via Memorandum of Understanding

• Similar at SFO

• Can result in aggregated market signals

Thank You!Stephanie Meyn

[email protected]

moderated by jim grant, hntb and siab will thurmond ......mar 25, 2021 · stephanie meyn, port of...

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