MODERN ART- refers to artistic works produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the style and philosophy of the art produced during that era.

- The term is usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation.

- A tendency toward abstraction is the characteristic of much modern art. More recent artistic production is often called Contemporary art or Post-modern art.

HUMANITIES

Characteristics of

-Tendency towards ABSTRACTION.- It throws aside the traditions of the past.

Timelines ofMODERN ART- A tendency toward abstraction is the characteristic of much modern art. More recent artistic production is often called Contemporary art or Post-modern art.

HUMANITIES

• Modern Art Timeline 1 (1870 - 1931)

• Modern Art Timeline 2 (1916 - 1975)

Timelines ofMODERN ART

HUMANITIES

MODERN ARTTimeline 1

1. IMPRESSIONISM

It is an art style that emerged in the 1800s, wherein the subject of a painting is unclear and everything seems to be an impression with flickering strokes of paint.

2. POST IMPRESSIONISM-extends Impressionism while rejecting its limitations: it continues using vivid colours, often thick application of paint, and real-life subject matter

- It inclined to emphasize geometric forms, to distort form for expressive effect, and to use unnatural or arbitrary colour.

3. FAUVISM- is the style of les Fauves whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong color over the representational or realistic values.

-it is style of painting with vivid expressionistic and non-naturalistic use of color that flourished in Paris from 1905.

4. GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM- Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas.

- Expressionist artists sought to express meaning or emotional experience rather than physical reality.

5. CUBISM

-an early 20th-century style and movement in art, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned.

- Its use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage.

HUMANITIES

MODERN ARTTimeline 1

4. GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM5. CUBISM6. FUTURISM- was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century.

- its themes are concepts of the future, including speed, technology, youth and violence, and objects such as the car, the aeroplane and the industrial city.

7. ABSTRACT ART- uses a visual language of form, color and line to create a composition which may exist with a degree of independence from visual references in the world.

- This art that does not attempt to represent external, recognizabl reality but seeks to achieve its effect using shapes, forms, colors, and textures.

- Its use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage.

8. CONSTRUCTIVISM- was an artistic and architectural movement that originated in Russia beginning in 1919, which was a rejection of the idea of autonomous art.

- Its influence was pervasive, with major impacts upon architecture, graphic and industrial design, theatre, film, dance, fashion and to some extent music.

9. SUPREMATISM-was an art movement, focused on basic geometric forms, such as circles, squares, lines, and rectangles, painted in a limited range of colors.

- The term suprematism refers to an abstract art based upon “the supremacy of pure artistic feeling” rather than on visual depiction of objects.

10. DE STIJL

- also known as neoplasticism, is used to refer to a work from 1917 to 1931 founded in Netherlands.

- It proposes ultimate simplicity and abstraction by using only straight horizontal and vertical lines and rectangular forms.

Timeline 2

HUMANITIES

MODERN ARTTimeline 2

1. DADA OR DADAISM - A European artistic and literary movement (1916-1923) that flouted conventional aesthetic and cultural values by producing works marked by nonsense, travesty, and incongruity.

- It is the groundwork to abstract art and sound poetry, a starting point for performance art, a prelude to postmodernism, and an influence on pop art.

2. SURREALISM - is a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, and is best known for its visual artworks and writings.

- The aim was to "resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality."

3. ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM - is an American post–World War II art movement in American painting, developed in New York in the 1940s.

- Its emphasis is on spontaneous, automatic or subconscious creation

4. POP ART- is an art movement that emerged in the mid-1950s in Britain and in the late 1950s in the US. It challenges the traditions of fine art by imagery from popular culture; advertising & news.

- Its concept refers not as much to the art itself as to the attitudes that led to it.

5. OP ART or OPTICAL ART- is a style of visual art that uses optical illusions. It is a painting concerning the interaction between illusion and picture plane, and understanding and seeing.

-Op art works are abstract. Its impression is given of movement, hidden images, flashing and vibration, patterns, or alternatively, of swelling or warping.

6. MINIMALISM- is a term referring to styles of visual art and music displaying pared-down design elements.

- The term minimalism is also used to describe a trend in design and architecture wherein the subject is reduced to its necessary elements.

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in

ARTTimeline 2

6. MINIMALISM

HUMANITIES

ARCHITECTURE

inMODERN ART

- is generally characterized by simplification of form and an absence of applied decoration.

- early modern architecture began at the turn of the 20th century with efforts to reconcile the principles underlying architectural design with rapid technological advancement and the modernization of society.

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MODERNARCHITECTUR

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CHARACTERISTICS OF

- early modern architecture began at the turn of the 20th century with efforts to reconcile the principles underlying architectural design with rapid technological advancement and the modernization of society.

HUMANITIES

CHARACTERISTICS OF

-"Form follows function", a dictum originally expressed by Frank Lloyd Wright's early mentor Louis Sullivan

- simplicity and clarity of forms and elimination of "unnecessary detail."- visual expression of structure (as opposed to the hiding of structural elements).

- the related concept of "Truth to materials."- use of industrially-produced materials.- particularly in International Style modernism.

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MODERNARCHITECTUREBurj Khalifa or

Khalifa Tower

- is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

-is the tallest man-made structure in the world with 829.8 m (2,722 ft.)

Form follows functionSimplicity and Clarity

Eurika Tower

- is a 297.3-metre (975 ft) skyscraper.

- located in the Southbank precinct of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

materials are 90 degrees to each other

International style modernism

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- it arose in tandem with similar artistic trends in painting, drawing, and printmaking.- it heralded a range of new materials and new techniques, from monumental factory-made steel sculptures to plastics.

- Modern sculpture thus displays multiple and diverse approaches and ideas.

MODERNSCULPTURECHARACTERISTICS OF

- Abstraction- Materiality- Question of form

HUMANITIES

MODERNSCULPTURECHARACTERISTICS OF

- Abstraction- Materiality- Question of form

HUMANITIES

MODERNSCULPTUREFloating figureGaston Lachaise's reclining female nude figure appears floating on the water, although she is actually supported beneath by two thin poles.

- The head and torso are erect, arms held outstretched & open, as an encompassing prayer position, known as the 'Orrans' position.

- Below the waist, the legs are crossed and placed to one side, like a mermaid's tail.

- This pose, whilst looking awkward and unnatural, nevertheless manages to convey a sense of joy and feminine fecundity.

AbstractionQuestion of Form

The Thinker- is a bronze sculpture by Auguste Rodin, usually placed on a stone pedestal.

- It shows a nude male figure, about life-size sitting on a rock, chin one hand, and used as an image to represent philosophy.

Abstraction Question of Form

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MODERNPAINTING- Modern paintings are paintings dated from 1860 to present.

- It is divided into three categories according to the time of its creation.

DIVISION OF

- 19TH CENTURY MODERN PAINTING- 20TH CENTURY MODERN PAINTING- POST WORLD WAR II MODERN

PAINTING

19TH CENTURYHUMANITIES

19TH CENTURY

MODERNPAINTING1. REALISM- It is defined as the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic and supernatural elements.

- The term originated in the 19th century, and was used to describe the work of Gustave Courbet and a group of painters who rejected idealization, focusing instead on everyday life.

• Gustave Courbet He believed that the artist should be realistic and paint everyday events involving ordinary people.

The Burial at Ornans, one of Courbet's most important works, records the funeral of his grand uncle which he attended in September 1848.

The Stone Breakers. It was a work of social realism, depicting two peasants, a young man and an old man, breaking rocks.

• Winslow Homer He was an American landscape painter and printmaker, best known for his marine subjects.

He is considered one of the foremost painters in 19th-century America and a preeminent figure in American art.

Breezing Up (A Fair Wind) It depicts a Gloucester chopping through a city's harbor under "a fair wind". Inside the boat are a man, three boys, and their catch.

Sunlight on the Coast - ironically titled, since the sun has struggled to break through the gloom of an approaching storm-was Homer’s first pure seascape in oils.

• Thomas Eakins He was an American realist painter, photographer, sculptor, and fine arts educator.

He is widely acknowledged to be one of the most important artists in American art history.

In The Gross Clinic (1875), a renowned Philadelphia surgeon, Dr. Samuel D. Gross, is seen presiding over an operation to remove part of a diseased bone from a patient's thigh.

• Albert Ryder He was an American painter best known for his poetic and moody allegorical works and seascapes, as well as his eccentric personality.

Play: Götterdämmerung, Galloping down a moonlit path, the legendary Norse hero Siegfried encounters a group of Rhine Maidens who beckon seductively from the phosphorescent river.

2. IMPRESSIONISM

HUMANITIES

2. IMPRESSIONISM

19TH CENTURYPAINTINGMODERN

1. REALISM- It is an art style that emerged in the 1800s, wherein the subject of a painting is unclear and everything seems to be an impression with flickering strokes of paint.

- It is a 19th-century art movement that originated with a group of Paris-based artists.- He was one of the first 19th-century artists to paint modern life, and a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism.

• Edouard Manet - Style: ‘flattening of the figures and neutralizing the emotional expressions, free, sketchy brushwork and broad patches of color juxtaposed without transitions.’

Floating StudioMonet and his wife in the boat, rowing it up and down the Seine and stopping whenever he spotted a promising subject.

• Pierre Renoir One of the founding members of the Impressionist movement. He is an artist best known for his depictions of pretty children, flowers, pleasant scenes, and curvy women.

Bal du moulin de la Galette (a.k.a. Dance at Le moulin de la Galette) depicts a typical Sunday afternoon at Moulin de la Galette in the district of Montmartre in Paris.

- It is the work or style of a varied group of late-19th-century and early-20th-century artists including Van Gogh, Gauguin, and Cézanne.

HUMANITIES

3. POST IMPRESSIONISM

19TH CENTURYPAINTINGMODERN

3. POST IMPRESSIONISM2. IMPRESSIONISM

- It is the work or style of a varied group of late-19th-century and early-20th-century artists including Van Gogh, Gauguin, and Cézanne.

- They reacted against the naturalism of the Impressionists to explore color, line, and form, and the emotional response of the artist.

• Vincent Van Gogh - He was a post-Impressionist painter whose work, notable for its rough beauty, emotional honesty and bold color, had a far-reaching influence on 20th-century art.

Starry Night It depicts a night sky brimming with whirling clouds, shining starts, and a bright crescent moon. The painting was a product of Gogh’s dream.

• Henri Paul Gauguin - He was an artist who was not well appreciated until after his death. He was later recognized for his experimental use of colors and synthetist style.

I Raro te Oviri (Under the Pandanus) It suppressed spatial illusionism and constructed the landscape with horizontal bands of colors reinforcing the two-dimensionality of it.

• Paul Cézanne -(often called father of modern art) laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th-century conception of artistic endeavour to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century.

- His often repetitive, exploratory brushstrokes are highly characteristic and clearly recognizable. He used planes of colour and small brushstrokes that build up to form complex fields.

4. EXPRESSIONISMOverture It depicts Cezanne’s mother & sister. Restrained and tense in its colouring, which is based largely on a contrast of black and white, the painting has a strangely positive mood.

HUMANITIES

19TH CENTURYPAINTINGMODERN

4. EXPRESSIONISM3. POST IMPRESSIONISM

- a style of painting, music, or drama in which the artist or writer seeks to express emotional experience rather than impressions of the external world.

-Expressionist artists sought to express meaning or emotional experience rather than physical reality.

• Edvard Munch - He is a Norwegian painter and printmaker whose intensely evocative treatment of psychological themes built upon some of the main tenets of the late 19th Century Symbolism.

The scream The painting was a product of Edvard Munch’s experience one evening. It depicts a blood-like sky, three people on a road (Munch and his friends), and a trembling Munch.

• Vassily Kandinsky - was an influential Russian painter and art theorist. He is credited with painting the first purely abstract works.

On White II expresses an intelligent combination of the two main colors in the painting: black and white. Kandinsky used color to represent more than just shapes and figures in his paintings.

In this painting the many dimensions of the color white is used to represent the many possibilities and opportunities available in life. The color black, on the other hand, represents non-existence and death.

He expressed the color black as the silence of death, and in this painting, it cuts through the white background with a riotous effect, shattering the peace of the colorful combination of colors, or as it were, opportunities in life.

20TH CENTURY

HUMANITIES

20TH CENTURYPAINTINGMODERN

1. FAUVISM- It is a style of painting with vivid expressionistic and non-naturalistic use of color that flourished in Paris from 1905 and, although short-lived, had an important influence on subsequent artists.

• Henri Matisse - was a French artist, known for his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a draughtsman, printmaker and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter.

Woman Reading It's displayed at the Museum of Modern Art in Paris. It shows the calmness of a reading woman. The painting evokes a calm, relaxing atmosphere.

• André Derain was a French artist, painter, sculptor and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse. He is famous for his vivid, unnatural colors.

Drying Sails (Sail Boats) The picture was painted in 1905 at Collioure, where Derain worked with Matisse. It was previously entitled Fishing Boats, and erroneously dated 1907

2. DADAISM- or Dada was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century.

- A movement (1916-1923) that flouted conventional aesthetic and cultural values by producing works marked by nonsense, travesty, and incongruity.

HUMANITIES

20TH CENTURYPAINTINGMODERN

1. FAUVISM2. DADAISM

- A movement (1916-1923) that flouted conventional aesthetic and cultural values by producing works marked by nonsense, travesty, and incongruity.

• Marcel Duchamp - He was a French-American painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with Dadaism and conceptual art.

L.H.O.O.Q. (Mona Liza with Moustache) (in French èl ache o o qu), is a pun, since when pronounced in French form the sentence "Elle a chaud au cul", literally "She is hot in the arse".

- an early 20th-century style and movement in art, esp. painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage.

3. CUBISM• Pablo Picasso- was a Spanish painter & sculptor. He is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture.

Guernica was created in response to the bombing of Guernica,Spain by German and Italian warplanes during the Spanish Civil War.

Guernica shows the tragedies of war and the suffering it inflicts upon individuals, particularly innocent civilians.

• Georges Braque- was a major 20th-century French painter and sculptor who, along with Pablo Picasso, developed the art style known as Cubism.

HUMANITIES

20TH CENTURYPAINTINGMODERN

3. CUBISM• Georges Braque- was a major 20th-century French painter and sculptor who, along with Pablo Picasso, developed the art style known as Cubism.

Little Harbor in Normandy He described the channel coast in severe geometries and a sober palette, reduced in range and intensity to pale shades of color.

His compressed treatment of space and use of a shifting perspective seems to propel the two sailboats forward to the front edges of the picture.

To further energize the scene, Braque added a fringe of whitecaps to the sea and dashes of clouds across the sky.

4. SURREALISM- a 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature that sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images.

- The aim was to "resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality."

• Max Ernst- was a German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet. He was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and Surrealism.

HUMANITIES

20TH CENTURYPAINTINGMODERN

4. SURREALISM• Max Ernst- was a German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet. He was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and Surrealism.

Ubu Imperator resembles a collage in painted form. His of Freudian theories, myth and extreme wit are reflected in this early painting, which is now considered proto-Surrealist due to its strange juxtapositions

• Joan Miro-was a Spanish painter and sculptor. his work has been interpreted as a sandbox for the subconscious mind, a re-creation of the childlike, and a manifestation of Catalan pride.

The Tilled Field, is an abstract depiction of the landscape of Miró's Catalan homeland.

The painting, teeming with organic forms that merge and meld seemingly in defiance of nature, is a testament to Miró's ever-increasing stylization and abstraction at this point in his career.

• Andre Masson- was a French artist. He later became associated with surrealism, and he was one of the most enthusiastic employers of automatic drawing, making a number of automatic works in pen and ink.

- Masson would often force himself to work under strict conditions; long periods of time without food or sleep, or under the influence of drugs. He believed forcing himself into a reduced state of consciousness would help his art be free from rational control, and hence get closer to the workings of his subconscious mind.

Meditation on an Oak Leaf is organized in organic, cartouche-like compartments, pinched in the middle like cell division.

The entire configuration is a kind of totem pole of private myths of pod and womb-like forms.

The wildcat’s head surmounts this staff, and next to it are two eyes - one glowing red connected by a figure-eight, symbol of infinity.

HUMANITIES

20TH CENTURYPAINTINGMODERN

4. SURREALISM• Andre MassonThe wildcat’s head surmounts this staff, and next to it are two eyes - one glowing red connected by a figure-eight, symbol of infinity.

POST WORLD WAR II

1. ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM- is a development of abstract art that

originated in the 1940s and 1950s and aimed at subjective emotional expression with particular emphasis on the creative spontaneous act (e.g., action painting). Leading figures were Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning.

• Jackson Pollock- was an influential American painter and a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement. He was well known for his unique style of drip painting.

- By working in large scale and by placing the canvas on the floor, Pollock allowed his full body movement to be engaged. Known as ‘action painter.’

Blue poles (number 11 1952) was painted by Pollock while moving around the canvas, emphasizing his movement.

With its well-balanced color displacement, it is now one of the most popular exhibits at the Gallery, and has risen in price to an estimated $180 million.

• Willem de Kooning- was a Dutch American abstract expressionist. He painted in a style that came to be referred to as Abstract expressionism or Action painting.

Two Woman IV It depicts two women being compared. One clothed and high-heeled. It has been said that these two women are being compared by their state.

2. OP ART / POP ART- Op Art a.k.a. optical art, is a style of visual art that makes use of optical illusions. It is a method of painting concerning the interaction between illusion and picture plane & between understanding and seeing.

HUMANITIES

POST WORLD WAR IIPAINTINGMODERN

1. ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM

- Op Art a.k.a. optical art, is a style of visual art that makes use of optical illusions. It is a method of painting concerning the interaction between illusion and picture plane & between understanding and seeing.

- Pop art is a style of art based on modern popular culture and the mass media, esp. as a critical or ironic comment on traditional fine art values.

2. OP ART / POP ART• Roy Lichtenstein - He became a leading figure in the new art movement. His work defined the basic premise of pop art through parody.

- Favoring the comic strip as his main inspiration, he produced hard-edged, precise compositions that documented while it parodied often in a tongue-in-cheek humorous manner.

Drowning Girl. Utilizing the conventions of comic book art, a thought bubble conveys the thoughts of the figure, while Ben-Day dots echo the effect of the mechanized process.

• Tom Wesselmann - was an American artist associated with the Pop art movement who worked in painting, collage and sculpture.

Still Life - 20- Is a still life painting depicting a collection of foods back grounded with a sharp red color to emphasize liveliness.

• James Rosenquist - His specialty is taking fragmented, oddly disproportionate images and combining, overlapping, and putting them on canvases to create visual stories.

Lady Dog Lizard 1985A painting of James Rosenquist. It depicts an eye of a lady, an eye of a dog and an eye of a lizard back grounded with different colored flowers.

HUMANITIES

POST WORLD WAR IIPAINTINGMODERN

2. OP ART / POP ART

Lady Dog Lizard 1985A painting of James Rosenquist. It depicts an eye of a lady, an eye of a dog and an eye of a lizard back grounded with different colored flowers.

• James Rosenquist -It is a term used to describe a trend away from abstract expressionism toward a subjective expressionism focusing on true-to-life forms, the factual, and easily evident forms.

3. NEW REALISMPhotorealism - genre of painting based on using cameras and photographs to gather visual information and then from this creating a painting that appears to be photographic.

- He is associated with Photorealism movement. He is best known for his highly detailed paintings of hamburger stands, pick-up trucks, and diners, portrayed in an objective manner.

• Ralph Goings

Ralph’s Diner (1982) oil canvass

4. NEW ABSTRACT TENDENCIES

HUMANITIES

POST WORLD WAR II

3. NEW REALISM

- after the intense subjectivism of abstract expressionism, abstract painting moved toward a more impersonal, rigorous formal purity.

- The culmination of this tendency was minimalism, in which painting was reduced to simple geometric forms, rhythmic patterns or single colors.

4. NEW ABSTRACT TENDENCIES

• Kenneth Noland - He was one of the best-known American color field painters, in the early 1960s he was thought of as a minimalist painter.

BeginningA painting depicting circles in different colors; red, blue, white, green and black.

• Robert Ryman - is an American painter identified with the movements of monochrome painting, minimalism, and conceptual art. He is best known for abstract, white-on-white paintings.

Surface veilThe built-up paint edge tracing the outline of masking tape and the ripped paper left behind give witness to the process of creation.

It is titled after the type of paper used as a medium, the so-called Surface Veil.

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HUMANITIES