modern terrorism
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Modern Terrorism. “The unlawful use of, or threatened use of violence to inculcate fear, intended to coerce or intimidate governments or societies as to the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.” DOD. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
ModernTerrorism
Liberation Tigers, Sri Lanka
IRA on patrol
“The unlawful use of, or threatened use of violence to
inculcate fear, intended to coerce or intimidate governments or societies as to the pursuit of
goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.”
DOD
“a political rather than a military victory”
Matthew Carr“One man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom
fighter”
What are the Characteristics of a
Terrorist?
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A History of Terrorism
***Trailer for
The Battle of Algiers
Battle of Algiers Trailer
1. What did you notice about the “terrorists” in the video (who participated)?
2. Why did the US government want a copy of the trailer to study in 2003?
3. Why bombing?
“Hell-hounds called Terrorists”Reign of Terror in France, 1793-94
The Terrorist Decades1960s-1990s
***“The Rifles of the I.R.A”
Alfred Nobel: Dynamite
IRA1919
• Led by Michael Collins•Use guerilla tactics to gain independence, 1921• Surprise, hit-and-run attacks• British still rule N. Ireland; Collins assassinated•“This can work for you”
The Troubles
1966-1998
•Protestant unionists want to remain under UK control•Catholic nationalists, IRA want a united Ireland• Negotiate Peace 2001
Black September1972
• Kidnapped 9 Israeli athletes at Munich Olympics
Black September
• Authorities negotiate a deal to take all hostages and terrorists to airport for transport
• Attempt to ambush the terrorists at the airport…unsuccessfully
• Terrorists detonate a bomb killing all 9 athletes (5 terrorists killed in firefight)
• Believed 2 terrorists escaped
The Glory Days of Hijacking1958-1972
Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)
• Currently represent Palestinians
• Want to liberate Palestine from Israeli occupation (goal)
• Former Leader = Yasser Arafat• Current Leader = Mahmoud
Abbas• State recognized by UN in
Dec. 2012• US/Israel do not recognize
Hamas – formerly controlled the Palestinians
•Much more extreme than the PLO•Use kids to help fight and serve as lookouts
Hezbollah: The Party of God, 1982 – more religious tone
Hezbollah continued
• Lebanese-based group• Goal: eliminate all non-Islamic
influences in Muslim countries• Allowed PLO to operate in
Lebanon in 1980s; Israel occupies land• 1982-84 Beirut bombings – 240
marines killed
Libya – The beginning
• Gaddafi (Libya) comes to power in a bloodless coup•Amassed billions via oil industry•Sponsored various anti-western terrorist organizations, esp. any against the US•Policies were pro-USSR•Reagan launches air strikes to eliminate him; unsuccessful
Libya – The Conflict Continues
• 2011 protests in Tunisia & Egypt (Arab Spring) spread to Libya
• Gaddafi vows to kill anyone rebelling against the government; civil war ensues
• UN intervenes; begins air strikes against Gaddafi and his supporters; eventually killed by rebels
Al Qaeda• Taliban: extremist
gov’t that allowed al-Qaeda to operate in Afghanistan
• Loose alliance of jihadist groups founded in 1988
• Dominated by the ideas of Zawahiri
• Funded by bin Laden
Twin Towers, 1993
The February 1998 fatwa:
the “ruling to kill the Americans and their allies—civilian and
military—is an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it
in any country in which it is possible to do it.”
August attacks on embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam
US Embassies in Kenya/Tanzania
USS Cole – 17 servicemen killed
September 11
“Here is America filled with terror from north to south and from east to west, and we thank Allah for that.”
Osama bin Laden, November 2001
Oklahoma City Bombing
OKC Bombing
• Most destructive terrorist attack until 9/11• Timothy McVeigh drove a truck bomb near the
Murrah Federal Building (FBI headquarters)• 168 people killed; 680 injured; Cost: $652 million• Terry Nichols helped plan the attack
Ted Kaczynski: “The Unabomber”
The Unabomber
• Background:– Harvard at 16 yrs; Professor at Cal Berkeley at 21– Retires to Lincoln, Montana and lives without electricity
or running water• Opposed to the effects of modern technology
destroying the wilderness around him• Mailed explosive packages to people working at
universities and airlines (Unabomber = university and airline bomber)
• Family tips off FBI after releasing the Unabomber manifesto (written in cipher)
Anthrax Scare, Sept. 18 2001
Beltway Snipers
The First Intifada1987-1993
The Second Intifada2000
Terrorism in theTwenty-First Century
***Tomorrow’s Pioneers
Al-Aqsa TV
Sayyid Qutb1906-1966Milestones on the Road to Islam
Haganah, Irgun, and Lehi 1921
The Refugees 700,000 Palestinians
800,000 Jews
Rise of the FedayeenBorder Incidents between Israel and Jordan
1967: 9161970: 2,432
1979
Alexander IIThe People’s Will
1881
McKinley1901
Mumbai, India Attacks (2008)
Madrid Train Bombings (2004)?