BY:ADITI BHANDARKAR

ALONGBAR BASUMATARY

When ideas gets organized or systematized in the form of a body of idea, a subject is formed.

The modes of forming subjects represents a system of relationships and act as a guide in guiding ideas in recognizing and formulating relationships among concepts constituting a subject.

These modes of formation have a natural effect on the structure of the subject, and leaves its impression on the structure of the subject.

The study serves as a introduction of the theory of freely-faceted classification.

The study has lead to the development of a relation, which has been proved useful for designing scheme of classification.

It enables the prediction and understanding of various kinds of inter-relations between subject and their component.

It has been found useful in teaching and learning the subject of study.

In 1950’s Ranganathan put forward that subject in the universe of knowledge can be formed by means of 4-modes of formation, namely:

1. Loose Assemblage

2. Lamination

3. Dissection

4. Denudation

The modes of formation of subject and isolates or relations between the components of subject are,

Namely:

1. Loose Assemblage2. Lamination3. Fission4. Fusion5. Distillation6. Agglomeration7. Cluster

Loose assemblage is basically concerned with mutual relations.

They are available at three levels of phase relations:

a) Loose Assemblage 1 (INTER-SUBJECT PHASE

RELATION):

In this mode, two or more subjects ‘simple or compound’ are studied in their mutual relation. Such a relation is called inter-subject phase relation and it gives rise to a complex subject. The phase relation taken under this mode of formation are:

General Relation: Example- Relation of mathematics to biology.

Bias: Example- Physics biased to biology. Comparison: Example - Physics compared with

Chemistry. Difference: Example- Difference between Physics and

Chemistry Influence : Example- Influence of economics on social life. Tool : Application of statistics to the study of economics.

b) Loose Assemblage 2 (INTRA-FACET PHASE RELATION):

In this mode two or more isolates from one and the same schedule are brought into mutual relation. Such a relation is called the intra-facet phase relation .

It helps connecting facets within basic subjects.

Phase relation taken under Loose Assemblage 2 are: General Relation: Example- The relation between Jainism and

Hinduism. Bias: Example- Bias of Bernard Shaw to Shakespeare. Comparison: Example- Comparison between Hinduism and

Jainism. Difference: Example- Difference between human physiology

and diseases. Influence : The Christians influenced by Hinduism. Tool: Application of computer on PERL programming language.

Here two or more isolates are taken from one and the same array of order higher than 1. Such a relation is called the inter-array phase relation and give rise to a complex isolate. Phase relation taken under this mode are:

General Relation: Example- The relation between UDC and DDC.

Bias: Example- The bias of RIC towards DDC. Comparison: Example- Colon Classification compared with

DDC. Difference: Example- Difference between CC and DDC. Influence: Example- Influence of CC on DDC.

When the basic layer is a basic subject and the other layers are isolate ideas, a compound subject is formed.

There are basically two types of Lamination:

There are two types of this mode of formation:a.) Lamination 1: In this form one or more isolate facets are

combined with the basic subject giving rise to a compound subject.

Example- Anatomy of human body. Basic facet= Medicine

Isolate facet= Human body, Anatomy.

b.)Lamination 2: In this form two or more species of basic subject going with the same primary basic subject are compound over one another, giving rise to a compound basic subject. They are components of host main basic subject.

Example: The homeopathic system of medicine Main subject: medicine

system component: homeopathy

In this form a basic subject or an isolate is split into subdivision which is commonly known as fragmentation.

Fission may be of basic subject or isolate ideas:a) Fission of basic subject:

Example- The primary basic subject philosophy may be fission into the secondary basic subject- logic, epistemology, ethics and aesthetics.

b) Fission of isolate ideas : It may be achieved in the following ways-

As an array division: Fissioning of an isolate Asia gives us array division such as India, Iran, Nepal.

As the combination of a principal isolate and speciator: Example- Bicycle, Hind-brand. Here bicycle is a principal isolate and Hind-brand is a speciator.

Dissection: The term used to denote fission when we consider the array of division of an isolate or a basic subject resulting from fission. It is also cutting of universe of entities into parts of coordinate status.

Denudation: This term is used to denote fission when we consider one and only one subdivision of an isolate or a basic subject resulting from fission. It is also called progressive decrease of extension and increase of intention of subject.

In this mode of formation of subject, two or more primary basic subjects are fused together in such a way that each of them loses its individuality with respect to the schedule of isolates needed to form the compound subject along with it. This gives rise to a new primary basic subject.

Example- Biochemistry it is a primary basic subject achieved by the fusion of Biology and Chemistry

In this mode of formation it is a pure discipline evolved as a primary basic subject from its appearance-in-action in diverse compound subject going with either different basic subject or one and the same basic subject.

Distillation gives rise to a primary basic subject.Example- biology, Forestry.

Agglomeration is a process of the collecting together of entities into large masses without cohesion among the components.

An agglomeration can be a basic subject or it can also be an isolate idea.Example- Natural Science.

It may be made up of consecutive constituents or even non-consecutive constituents. Example- History, Economics.

In this mode of subject formation several specialized studies on a particular entity are gathered together into the field of study.

It may involve interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary results.

Example: financial economics, biochemistry.

Library service is, in essence, the retrieval and dissemination of embodied knowledge to individual members and groups in community. Hence , inorder to achieve efficiency of services to readers, it has become imperative to adopt and develop such tools and techniques which would facilitate the classification of subjects embodied in documents and thus help in retrieval and service to the satisfaction of the laws of library science.