modification in gasoline engines for use of ethanol
TRANSCRIPT
MODIFICATION IN GASOLINEENGINES FOR USE OF
ETHANOL
BVC ENGINEERING COLLEGEODALAREVU
P ABHISHIKTH D.M.V.CH.SRINIVAS13221A03F1 13221A0342
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS ETHANOL WHY ETHANOL PROPERTIES OF ETHANOL CHARACTERISTICS OF ETHANOL MODIFICATIONS OF GASOLINE ENGINES BENEFITS OF USING OF ETHANOL CONCLUSION
WHAT IS ETHANOL
Ethanol is an alcohol made by fermentation, mostlyFrom carbohydrates produced in sugar or starch crops such as corn or sugarcane. Cellulose biomass derived from non –food sources such as trees and grasses, is also being developed as feedstock for ethanol production
WHY ETHANOL ?
Currently india is the 3rd largest country to import a crude oil from other countries
According to latest survey of 2015-2016 india imported a crude oil of 189.43 million tonnes
Which means nearly 720.347 crores of money is spending towards crude oil
In order to reduce this, we need to increase enthanol blending in petrol
PROPERTIES OF ETHANOL
Molecular formula C2H6O
Appearance Colourless liquid
Density 0.785 g/cm3
Melting point -114 °C ,159K, -173°F
Boiling point 78.37 °C ,352 K , 173 ° F
Viscosity 0.0012 Pa s at( at 20° C )
ENERGY CONTENT OF SOME FUELS
FUEL MJ/L RESEARCH OCTANE NUMBER
Methanol 17.9 108.7
Ethanol 21.2 108.6
E85 (85%ethanol +15% gasoline
25.2 105
Gasohol (90% gasoline+10%ethanol)
33.7 93
Regular gasoline/petrol
34.8 91
Diesel 38.6 25
CHARACTERISTICS OF ETHANOL
High auto ignition temp :326 °C ( petrol 240-280°c, Diesel 210°C)
Corrosive in nature
High octane rating
Lesser energy content than gasoline /diesel
Contains more oxy gen
MODIFICATIONS IN GASOLINE ENGINES MAIN JET CHANGES POWER VALVE CHANGES COMPRESSION RATIO CHANGES FUEL PRE HEATING AIR PREHEATING THERMOSTAT CHANGES
MAINJET CHANGES
Greater octane number than petrol
Requires greater compression ratio
Increase in orifice diameter of the main jet (Needs increase of 20 to 40%)
POWER VALVE CHANGES
Vaccum-controlled valve,spring loaded,shut off,to conserve fuel
It allows extra fuel to blend with air fuel mixture when accelerator is depressed
Valve with approx . 25% greater flow capacity is sufficent for increased power
A SMALL GIST More compression is needed in the cylinder
during stroke , to utilize the full potential of fuel
Hence , the inlet diameters of the orfice s which let the fuel in are to be increase
COMPRESSION RATIO CHANGES Ethanol has a good
octane rating Compression ratios
upto 15:1 may be suitable
Use of high compression pistons
Installing a turbocharger
COLD WEATHER STARTING
BACKDROPS
Alcohol doesn’t vaporise as easily as gasoline
Therefore , starting the engine in cold conditions is a problem
REMEDIES
Use of extra fuel tank for petrol
Use of fuel preheater
Use of air preheater
FUEL PREHEATING
Necessary to pre heat fuel in cold climates
Can be done by making the fuel flow over the hot engine parts through tubes
AIR PREHEATING
Air from around the exhaust manifold is let in the air fuel mix through ducts
A flap within the air cleaner “ snorkel “ shuts off this supply when engine warms up and allows ambient air enter
This flap is usually either thermostatically or vaccum controlled
External type resistance air heater may also be used
THERMOSTAT CHANGE
Used to hold the coolant in the cylinder head until it reaches a certain temperature
Thermostat decides the temperature at which the coolant will enter the cylinder
Ethanol engine works at less temperature than petrol engine of same horse power
INTITIAL USE OF ALCOHOL FUEL
Alcohol will acts as a cleaning agent and will clean out fuel tank, fuel line and filters , remove engine internal parts of built-up carbon, gum, and varnish deposits
BENEFITS OF USING ETHANOL FUEL
Has complete combustion
Little co2 formed
Does not contain sulphur
Emissions and pollution is reduced
Cheaper than gasoline and diesel
Keeps engine clean
Can be produced from grains and sugarcane
DISADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL FUEL
Has low energy content
More fuel needed to obtain same energy as obtained by petrol
Has poor ignition characteristics
Has almost invisible flames
Odour is very offensive
COMMON ETHANOL FUEL MIXTURES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ANY QUERIES