modified racing against your heart
TRANSCRIPT
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INTRODUCTION:•Who, When, Where
•What led to Study?
•What if?
•Method
•Results
•Discussion
•Q & A
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Cardiologist
Researcher
Meyer Friedman,
M.D.
Cardiologist
Researcher
Ray R
osenm
an,
M.D.
1950
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Friedman was having furniture reupholstered
• Upholsterer pointed to unusual wear on cushion seat
• Friedman wondered if people w/coronary heart disease (CHD) had unique characteristics
• Found a common belief that those w/high stress may lead to CHD
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Traits were
Physiological Outcomes
LINKED
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Type “A” Traits
• Take charge attitude
• The juggler
•Free-floating hostility
•Covert in nature
Vs.
Behaviors
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Type “B”
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“Watch out, take it easy, you’re a real Type A.”“Watch out, take it easy, you’re a real Type A.”
Participants:• 2 groups of 83 men
• Average Age: 44 yrs.
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Interview/questionnaire
Blood Samples + EKG’s
Diaries (kept by participants)
&
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Subjects (Ss): Interviewed
Ss instructed to keep ‘diet’ diary
• One (1) week
•All that they ate & drank
Blood drawn by research assistants
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The
Last Procedure
EKGInterpreted:
(2) IndependentCardiologists!
EKGInterpreted:
(2) IndependentCardiologists!
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Group “A” Type: Chronically harassed by: • Commitments• Ambition• Drives• Eagerness to compete in any activity
• Having a strong desire to win
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Group “B” Type: Seem satisfied w/current situations
• Avoided pursuing multiple goals
• Not as eager to compete
• Were less troubled with advancement
• Spent more time with their families
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Table 1 Comparison of Characteristics for Group A and Groups B (Averages)
Weight
Work Hours
/ Week
Exercise
Hours/ week
Number of Smokers
Cigarettes/ day
Alcohol Calories/ day
Total Calorie
s
Fat calorie
s
Parents with
Children
Group A
176 51 10 67 23 194 2049 944 36
Group B
172 45 7 56 15 149 2134 978 27
(Hock, 2009, p. 213)
•Two groups were very similar in measured characteristics
• Difference in number of cigarettes smoked
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Table 2 Comparisons of Blood and Illnesses for Group A and Group B
Average Clotting Time
(minutes)
Average Serum
Cholesterol
Arcus Senilis (percent)
Coronary Heart Disease
(percent)
Group A 6.9 253 38 28
Group B 7.0 215 11 4
(Hock, 2009, p. 213)
• Clotting time was faster in Group A than Group B
• Percent of men with CHD higher in Group A than Group B
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Reasonable & Unreasonable Findings
Hypothesis: Friedman & Rosenman’s study suggests that “Type A” behavior may be more prone to CHD, resulting from specific elevated blood levels, tests & other potential behavioral threats i.e. smoking. Additionally, being linked to the chronically stressed, free-floating hostile, anxious, multi-tasking person who usually has a sense of urgency shadowing over them. “Type B” will show the opposite of “A.”
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Reasonable:• Substantiated by: blood, EKG, alcohol & fat calories + parenthood
• Worksite Stressors: competitiveness
Shared belief: X-treme stressors = CHD(Hock, 2009, ??)
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Unreasonable
Substantiated by: Biased Approach
• Absence of Random Sampling
• Caucasian ‘white collar’ professionals
• Demographics, cultures not considered i.e. Mexico, Italy
• Genetically pre-disposed:
•Absence of blood pressure, triglycerides, diabetes testing
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CAVEAT!
Arcus Senilis…”in old age” or unhealthy liver Remember Amt. of alcohol consumption not tested
+the older we get nothing seems to work the same…including the liver
(Mosby Medical Dictionary, 2009)
(Online Journal of Opthamology www.onjoph.com)
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?Potential causal interference…
According to Kornitzer (1985), “…heavy drinkers are more Type A both amongst blue and white collar middle aged males.(Kornitzer & Dramaix, 1986, pp. 781-783)
What does this mean to you?
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According to Dr. Joseph Mercola
All cholesterol is vital to regenerate cells
Dismiss the ‘myth’ that LDL & HDL existhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?=awA2fsa94MI
?
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NOT Addressed in Friedman & Rosenman study
1. Strong & consistent evidence, according to Australian report relating (1.) of an:
• “…independent causal association between d patterns…epression, social isolation & lack of quality of social support and the prognosis of CHD…(2.)…no strong evidence for a causal association between chronic life events, work-related stressors…Type A behaviors…and CHD…similar order to the more conventional CHD risk factors such as smoking, dyslipidaemia and hypertension”
(The Medical Journal of Australia, 2003, pp. 272-276)
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ETHICAL VIOLATIONSETHICAL VIOLATIONS
WHY AUTHOR’S CHOICE?WHY AUTHOR’S CHOICE?
OWN EXPERIENCEOWN EXPERIENCE
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Behaviors OR Genetics OR Culture OR Diet
= CHD
Consider Critical Thinking #3, #7, #5
TM
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The End
LynetteHelping to pollinate your thoughts and methodology
In just plain living! And the enjoyment w/stressors
©Lynette E. Mitan, 11.03.11