modified wood: processes, products and markets...wood biology and wood technology...
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Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Holger Militz
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen
GERMANY
Modified wood: processes, products and markets
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
content
• Why modification?
• How (principles)
• Processes
• Products
• Markets
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Wood: material of the future
• Ecological
• Sustainable
• Renewable
• Esthetical
• Technologically diverse
• Modern
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Wood: material of the future• Energy efficient
• End-of-life: energy
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Wood: material of the future?Weak points:
•Moisture sensitive
•UV-stability
•Dimensional unstable
•Resistance againstfungi
•Soft surface
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Wood: material of the future?
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
How to solve these problems?
• Use wood with high natural quality (as many tropical hardwoods)
• Availability (mid term, long term)• Sustainability
• Use of wood preservatives• Toxicity issues• New biocides with low impact• Only durability item solved
• Use of new technologies for woodtreatment!!
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
What is „wood modification“?
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Principles of wood modification
Degradation of cell wallCross linking
Reaction withwood
polymers
Cell wall fillingLumen filling
Bilder: Sandermann (1963)
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Modification methods
X
(x)
X
X
(X)
X
X
Commercial
Chitosan
oil / wax/ parafins
Silicone/Silane
Furfurylation(Kebony)
DMDHEU (Belmadur)
Melamine resin
Acetylation (Accoya)
Heat treatment
PrincipleModification method
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Treatment steps
liquid, catalyst
vacuum-pressure impregnation
drying and reaction
drying temp: above 100 C
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Thermo treatment (TMT, Thermowood)
Process:- no chemicals- temperature 180°C to 220°C- many wood species used- difference between producers: technology used
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Producers (Europe)
• Finland• The Netherlands• France• Austria• Germany• Russia• ...
Production (2007): approx.100.000 m3 ?
Plato
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Acetylation
Process:- impregnation with acetic anhydride- reaction at elevated temperatures- post treatment (acetic acid)
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Production site „Accoya“
Quelle: www.titanwood.com
Accsys Chemicals PLC (UK)Production since 2007
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Furfurylation
Wood Polymer Technologies
www.wpt.no
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
SiRO R'OR
OR
Hydrophilic and
potentially reactive Hydrophobic
silicon based compounds
Hydrophobationof glass
Protectionof masonry
Clothes(dyeing agents
fixation )
Coupling agents(electrical circuit)
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
“water shade effects”“water shade effects”
www.holz.uni-goettingen.de
Silanes, silicones
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Wrinkle free wood?
DimensionallyDimensionallystable stable Crease Crease resistant resistant ““Easy careEasy care””““NonNon--ironiron””
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Polymerisable chemicals
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
H2O
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
DMDHEU
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
WO
OD
-FIB
REH2O
H2O H2O
H2O
H2O H2O
H2O H2O
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
DMDHEU
H2O
H2O
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
H2O
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
H2O
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
DMDHEU
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
DMDHEU
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
WO
OD
-FIB
REH2O
H2O H2O
H2O
H2O H2O
H2O H2O
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
WO
OD
-FIB
REH2O
H2O H2O
H2O
H2O H2O
H2O H2O
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
DMDHEU
H2O
H2O
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
WO
OD
-FIB
RE
DMDHEU
H2O
H2O
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
ä
Treatment Curing Belmadur®
Wood
Room temperature
Wood
® = patent and registered trademark of BASF
Temperature > 100°C
Belmadur®
Solution
Belmadur® Technology
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
First application in Germany:Fa. Becker/ Brakel
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Fa. Becker: Furnierformholz
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Solid wood-veneers-fibres
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Material properties
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
c30 c15 C7.5
Water uptake
0
10
20
30
40
0 2 4 6 8
ASE 8730
ASE 8730
ASE 8730
ASE 8130
ASE 8130
ASE 8130
Control
Time (h)
Wat
er u
ptak
e (%
)
(Tingaut et al., 2005)
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Shrinkage and swelling
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
Buche /60%
TeakKiefer /30%
KieferBuche /30%
MerantiLärcheBuche
Holzarten
volu
met
risch
e Q
uellu
ng v
on 0
%
Hol
zfeu
chtig
keit
zur F
aser
sätti
ngun
g
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Resistance against fungiENv 807
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20%weight gain after reaction
mas
s lo
ss
DMDHEU
mDMDHEU
mDMDHEU + DEGKlasse V
Klasse IV
Klasse III
Klasse IIKlasse I
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Brinell hardness (parket flooring)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Pinussylvestris
Tectonagrandis
Fagussylvatica
Har
dnes
s [N
/mm
2 ]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
untreated 10% 30% 50% 80%concentration of DMDHEU
Har
dnes
s (N
/mm
2 )
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Production and markets
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Market survey „modified wood“Status quo: production
* Production heat treated wood in Europe: approx. 100.000 m3
* Production other wood modificationtreatments: approx. 50.000 m3
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
markets
• Biocide treated wood– Costs!!– Special products
• Markets of tropicalhardwoods– Hazard classes 1-5– „high quality“
• Special products
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
esthetics
Foto Parkett: Hamberger, Ro
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Products/ markets: use class 1(Photos by Mitteramskogler/ Austria)
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Products/ markets: use class 2(Photos by Mitteramskogler/ Austria)
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Products/ markets: use class 3(Photos by Mitteramskogler/ Austria)
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Products/ markets: use class 3(Photos by Thermowood Association, Finland)
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
products: hazard classes 1-5
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Potential applications for Belmadur®
Wood
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Basis materials for wood modification
• Fast growing
• Easy „treatable“
• Large quantaties
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Basis materials for wood modification
•Pines
•Poplars
•Beech?
•Eucalypts
•Other fast growing woodspecies!
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Outlook „modified wood“
1. New methods will get to market2. Will get larger market share3. Will be introduced in high quality/ special products4. Must be marketed as „new material“5. New type of industry will develop („wood modifiers“)
between chemical industry and wood industry
�get involved in this new business!
Wood Biology and Wood TechnologyGeorg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
Thank you for your attention!