MODIS Ocean Data Workshop

Introduction and MODIS History

LaSells Stewart Center

OSU Campus

Valley Library

A Short History• 1983 – NASA began to explore the concept of a polar-

orbiting platform to complement a manned polar-orbiting space station

• Beginning as System Z, gained momentum with NASA’s proposed “Global Habitability” program

• After Challenger disaster, polar space station disappeared as did manned servicing requirement

• System Z became EOS – Earth Observing System– Several instrument suites were developed– Surface Imaging and Sounding Package (SISP) included the

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer• MODIS soon split into 2 concepts

– MODIS-N focused primarily on land and atmosphere sensing but included some ocean bands

– MODIS-T (tilting) focused on ocean• Because of budget constraints, MODIS-T vanished,

replaced by MODIS-N and EOS-Color (to follow SeaWiFS)• Further budget reductions led to replacement of EOS-

Color by SIMBIOS

Some Obscure Facts

• MODIS was always viewed as the keystone sensor for EOS

• Three pairs of MODII were planned initially to provide a 15-year time series

• NOAA was involved for much of the development of EOS– Budget constraints and orbit incompatibilities

led to eventual decoupling of NASA and NOAA– NASA always expected that NOAA would

eventually assume responsibility for MODIS-like measurements

INTRODUCTION -MODIS OCEAN DATA PRODUCTS

WORKSHOP

Wayne E. EsaiasGSFC

Code 971 - Oceans and Ice Branchwayne.e.esaias@nasa.gov

http://modis-ocean.gsfc.nasa.gov

September 4, 2003Oregon State University

Early EOS Approach

• Obtain 15-20 Year Consistent Time Series• Upgrade to New Technology• Transition Research Mission to Quasi Operational System

Centralized Data SystemCOTS approachActive Archive Center (DAAC) System

•Ongoing Instrument Team ResponsibilityInstrument performance linkages to science product performance

•Transition to a truly operational climate system

Brief MODIS History

• Definition Panel 1984• Selection of Instrument, Instrument Team - 1989• Restructuring - 1992

– MODIS-T out, PM MODIS-N in (6 MODIS-N’s)• Major budget reduction - 1997

– Addition of team member investigations– EOSDIS rescope– 6 platforms reduced to 1st 2 - AM-1, PM-1

• Launch Terra 12/1999• Launch Aqua 5/2002

• Re-compete in mid 2003

Instrument Overview

Page 10

• The MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), one of the key instruments for NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS), was built by Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing (SBRS)

• MODIS ProtoFlight Model (PFM) was launched on board Terra spacecraft on 12/18/99 (first light on 02/24/00).

– http://terra.nasa.gov/

• MODIS Flight Model 1 (FM1) on Aqua spacecraft was launched on 05/04/02 (first light on 06/24/02)

– http://eos-pm.gsfc.nasa.gov/

• 20 Reflective Solar Bands (RSB): 0.4 - 2.2 microns

• 16 Thermal Emissive Bands (TEB) 3.5 - 14.5 microns

Page 11

MODIS Chronology•MODIS Instrument Panel formed - 1984

•Instrument Panel Report (MODIS N & T) – 1986

•Phase-B Studies (N & T) complete – 1989

•MODIS Science Team selected - 1989

•MODIS-T CDR - 1990

•MODIS-N Contract Award to SBRC – 1991

•EOS program restructured - 1992

•EOSDIS restructured - 1996

•Protoflight Model shipped – 1997

•EOS Terra launched – 12/18/99•EOS Aqua launched 05/04/2002

MODIS Instrument DefinitionTeam

• * Wayne Esaias (Chairman) NASA Hq.• * William Barnes (Secretary) NASA/GSFC • * Mark Abbott Scripps/JPL.• Steve Cox Colorado St. Univ.• * Robert Evans Univ. Miami• Robert Fraser NASA/GSFC • Alexander Goetz NASA/JPL• * Howard Gordon (Ex-officio) Univ. Miami• * Christopher Justice Univ. Maryland• E. Paul McClain NOAA• Marvin Maxwell NASA/GSFC • Robert Murphy NASA Hq.• Joseph Prospero Univ. Miami• Barrett Rock NASA/JPL• * Steven Running Univ. Montana• Raymond Smith Univ. Cal. Santa Barbara• Jerry Solomon NASA/JPL• Michael Spanner (Ex-officio) NASA/ARC• Joel Susskind NASA/GSFC •  • * MODIS Science Team Members (1989 - Present)

MODIS Science TeamATMOSPHERES

Michael King (group leader) NASA/GSFCBo-Cai Gao NASA/GSFCYoram Kaufman NASA/GSFCPaul Menzel NOAA/Univ. WisconsinDidier Tanre Univ. Lille/France

 LAND

Christopher Justice (group leader) Univ. MarylandAlfredo Huete Univ. ArizonaJan-Peter Muller Univ. London/UKRanga Myneni (1997) Boston Univ.Vincent Salomonson (team leader) NASA/GSFCSteven Running Univ. Montana Alan Strahler Boston Univ.John Townshend (1997) Univ. MarylandEric Vermote (1997) NASA/GSFCZhengming Wan Univ. Cal. Santa Barbara

OCEANS

Wayne Esaias (group leader) NASA/GSFC

Mark Abbott Oregon State Univ.

Ian Barton CSIRO/ Australia

Otis Brown Univ. Miami

Janet Campbell (1997) Univ. New Hampshire

Kendall Carder Univ. South Florida

Dennis Clark NOAA/NESDIS

Robert Evans Univ. Miami

Howard Gordon Univ. Miami

Frank Hoge NASA/GSFC

John Parslow CSIRO/Australia

 

CALIBRATION

Phillip Slater (group leader) Univ. Arizona

Kurt Thome (group leader 1999-present) Univ. Arizona

William Barnes NASA/GSFC

MODIS-T Phase B

MODIS-N Phase B

MODIS SPECIFICATIONS

MODIS Scan Cavity and OBCs

Page 19

VIIRS vs. MODIS: Size, Power

164 cm

118 cm107 cm

129 cm

138 cm65 cm

MODIS2 m3/230 kg/147 W

VIIRS<1.2 m3/250 kg/200 W

92-10-175

MODIS Ocean Science TeamTeam Members and Associate Team Members

Mark Abbott Oregon State University Barney Balch Bigelow Otis Brown University of Miami Dennis.K.Clark NOAA/NESDIS Janet Campbell University of New Hampshire Ken Carder University of South Florida Wayne Esaias NASA Robert Evans University of Miami Howard Gordon University of Miami Frank Hoge NASA Kay Kilpatrick University of Miami Ed Kearns University of Miami Ricardo Letelier Oregon State University Peter Minnett University of Miami Ken Voss University of Miami

MODIS Ocean Science TeamSupport

Jasmine Nahorniak Oregon State University Bruce Bowler BigelowMark Yarborough Moss LandingTim Moore University of New HampshireBob Chen University of South Florida Sue Walsh University of Miami Jim Brown University of Miami Warner Behringer University of MiamiKevin Turpie GSFC, SAICRon Vogel (MODAPS) GSFC, SAICDonna Thomas GSFC, SAICAumber Bhatti GSFC, SAICBob Woodward (SDST) GSFC, SAIC

TERRA MODIS NIGHTTIME 4m SST

MODIS/OCEAN GROUPGSFC, RSMAS

-2 5 10 15 20 25 30 35Co

MAY 2001 V 3.3.1

EOS MODIS SUCCESS CRITERIA

Develop improved calibration and science products

Process and reprocess the data to make it available for 6+ year mission life

Distribute products and tools to the science and operational communities.

Improve understanding of how to best implement operational transitions of a national climate time series

There are many lessons learned from MODISAssemble feedback from science community

MODIS Ocean Products• MODIS Instruments:

– Terra (1030 morning), – Aqua (1330 afternoon)

• 40 products: – 4 SST, – 36 Ocean Color

• Resolution:– Spatial:

• Level 2 - 1km, ~2000km x 2000km; • Level 3 - 4km, 39 km, 1 deg [all products are

global]

– Temporal Resolution:• Level 2 - 5 minute granule; • Level 3 - daily, 8 day week, monthly, yearly

MODIS Ocean data products• There are 86 ocean parameters available in over 100

categories of MODIS Ocean data types archived by (and may be obtained from) the NASA Goddard Distributed Active Archive Center.

• The three basic groupings of MODIS ocean data parameters are:– ocean color– sea surface temperature– ocean primary production

• Ocean Parameter categories:• 36 Ocean Color parameters• 4 Sea Surface Temperature parameters• 8 Primary Productivity parameters

– (including 2 Primary Production indices)• 38 Quality Control parameters.

Processing levels

Ocean color and sea surface temperature are available at a variety of processing levels:

• Level 1 - Unprocessed top of the atmosphere radiance/reflectance– At 1-km spatial resolution– 5 minute granule time resolution

• Level 2 swath data – At 1-km spatial resolution– 5 minute granule time resolution

• Level 3 global binned or mapped data– spatial resolutions of 4.63km, 39km, or 1 degree– Time resolutions of one day, 8 days, a month or a year. – The binned data products use an integerized sinusoidal equal area

grid (ISEAG). The mapped products use a Cylindrical Equidistant Projection.

DAILYPGE20

8-DAYPGE54

MONTHLYPGE73

YEARLYPGE74

PGE51

L2

L3 L3 L3L3

L3 L3 L3L3

L3 L3 L3L3

L4 L4 L4L4L3 L3 L3L3

L2 Sat 1 kmISEAG 4.63 kmCED 4.88 kmCED 39 kmCED 1o

L4 L4 L4L4

PGE52

L4

OPP s.a. model (opp_wk)OPP mapping (opp_map)Time binning (mtbin)L3 binning (mspc/mmap)L2→L3 binning (msbin)

OPP stat model (opp_hv)

DATA BINNING PATHWAYSOcean Color & SST Ocean Primary Productivity

1 km 4.6 km 4.9km 39km 1° =111 km Swath ISEAG Linear Linear Linear

Binned Maps

Level 4 Productivity

• Ocean primary production data is available only as binned or mapped Level 4 (i.e. L4) data.

• Ocean Productivity outputs are averaged weekly or yearly. Like the L3 data, the L4 data is organized spatially as either 4km ISEAG gridded bins or as maps using a Cylindrical Equidistant Projection. The mapped data products are available in a choice of 4km , 39km, or 1 degree spatial resolutions. More than one model is used for deriving these data products and some quality statistics are available.

Where to get data and more informationInformation locations:MODIS Oceans home page

– http://modis-ocean.gsfc.nasa.govMODIS Oceans QA Browse 36km Imagery (MQABI)

– http://mqabi.gsfc.nasa.gov– Select Terra collection 4 or Aqua Collection 3

Useful links to documentation and related web pages– http://modis-ocean.gsfc.nasa.gov/doclinks.html

Data Ordering locations:NASA GES DAAC WHOM (NASA - Goddard DAAC)http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/

Select Ocean color ->MODIS->oceanEOS DATA GATEWAY EDG

- http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/ordering.html

Team, Quality Assurance, Processing, and User data access relationship

Backups

Terra - Daytime Descending Orbits

Aqua - Daytime Ascending Orbits

8 Day(Weekly)Composites

Terra

Aqua

Development,characterization,

and performance of the EOS

MODIS sensors

W. Barnes, X. Xiong, B. Guenther and V. Salomonson

NASA/GSFC Greenbelt, MD 20771

SPIE/Earth Observing Systems VIIIAugust 3-6, 2003

San Diego, CA

VIIRS: Heritage in Key Components

Passive Flat-panelRadiative Cooler(Raytheon IR&D)

Stand-alone Electronics Module• Reliable, redundant design• Reprogrammable in flight

High-performance2nd-generationFocal Planes

Scan Control• MODIS & SeaWiFs

Based Optical Encoders• <30 µrad Uncertainty

Angular MomentumCompensator (SeaWiFs)

Diamond-turned PostpolishedAll-reflective Optics:• Rotating Telescope (SeaWiFS) (less stray light vs. MODIS) 3-mirror Anastigmat• Aft Optics 4-mirror Anastigmat

Full-aperture Calibrators:

ReflectiveSpectralonSolar Diffuser(MODISTRMM-VIRS)

EmissiveV-GrooveBlackbody(MODIS Design)

VIIRS RTA

VIIRS Optics