MCST Presentationto the

MODIS Science Teamfrom

MCST (MODIS Characterization Support Team)

John L. Barker, Head301/286-9498 or GSFCmail: JBarkcr

Joann M. K. Harnden301/286-4133 or GSFCMail:JHarndcn

Code 925- Sensor Development and Characterization Branch

StevenG. Ungar301 /2864007 or GSFCmail: SUngar

Brian L. Markham301 /286-5240 or GSFCmail: BMarkham

Code 923- Biospheric Sciences BranchNASA / Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

FAX: (301 ) 286-92~

Presented by:John L. Barker

Contributions by

Harold Geller, Jon Burelbach,Barbara Grant,Doug Hoyt, Janie Nail(301 )286-941 2 or (301 )982-3700 GSFCmail:BGrant, JNall,Research and Data Systems Corporation (RDC)

7855 Walker Drive, Greenbelt, MD, 20770Fax: (301)286-9200 or (301)982-3749

1400 Wednesday,15 April 1992A~lditoritlm, Bldg 8, Goddard Space Flight Center

MCST P tation to the MODIS science Team t-1 at the Plenary session of the Wlence Team Meeting 15 AF 22

john L.$~ .r /NASA/CSFC/925/MCST (MODIS Characterization Support Team) Talk#7 Macllci Film 15APR92,MCST%i.2 7:00 4/1~192

A

Overview of MCST Presentation to MODIS Science Team

MCST Objectives, Priorities, and PersonnelMODIS/MCST Calibration Data Products

StrategyData ProductsCalibration PlanCalibration Handbook

MODIS/MCST Utility Data ProductsTexture AlgorithmClassification Overlay/Masking Algorithm

MCST-Related MODIS Scene Simulation ActivitiesRequirements, Properties and ApproachAtmospheric ModelsGlobal Site SelectionSimulated MODIS U.S. Land/ Water Mask

MCST Bulletin Board

MCST Presentation to thr MODIS Science Team Page-2 at the Plenary session of the =lcnce Team Meeting 15 April 1992John L,Barker /NASA/GSFC/925/MCST (MODIS Characterization Suppott Tcaml Talk#7 Macllc{ File: 15APR92.MCST5ci.2 7:OU 4/15/92

MCST Priorities

unchanged from

1990 and 1991 MODIS Science Team Meetings

1. Instrument-Related Characterization/Calibration

2. Algorithms, Software and Hardwarefor EOC/MCST Monitoring of In-Orbit Data

4 9

5 ●

Utility Products

Simulated MODIS Imagery

and MCSTCooperative Team MemberDiscipline-Related Product Sensitivity to Calibration

MCST P~ ‘ntation to the MODIS %icncc Team “- “c-3 at the Plenary session of the %icnce Team Meeting 15 A[ ’92

John L.i r /NASA/GSFC/925/MCST (MODIS Characterization Supporf Team) Talk#7 Macllci File 15APR92.MCSTSci.2 7:00 4/ ../92

MCST Personnel

John Barker 925 MCST HeadJoann Harnden 925 Artificial Intelligence/Scene Simulation / ModelingBrian Markham 923 Instrument Charact./Field Calibration/SimulationSteve Ungar 923 MODIS Scene Simulation / Utility Algorithms

Civil Servants with Interfaces to MCST

Peter AbelBill BarnesKen BrownWayne EsaiasBruce GuentherForrest HallChris JusticeMichael D. King

925 Aircraft Underflights / Thermal970 MODIS Instrument Scientist / SeaWiFS925 MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS)971 MODIS Ocean Discipline Head / SeaWiFS925 EOS AM Project Scientist / EOS Calibration Scientist923 Image-Based Radiometric Rectification Calibration923 MODIS Land Discipline Leader / AVHRR/ NDVI913 Deputy Team Leader /Atmosphere Head / CERES

MCST presentation to theMODIS science Team Pagc4 at the l’lcnary session of the %ience Team Meeting 15 April 1992John L.Barker /NASA/GSFC/925/MCST (MODIS Characterization Support Team) Talk#7 Macllci File: 15APR92.MCSTSci.2 7:W 4/15/92

MCST Personnel

Contractors, RDC (Research and Data Systems Corporation)

Harold Geller

Phil Ardanuy

Jon Burelbach

Barbara Grant

Doug Hoyt

Janie Nail

George Riggs

Out-Going Project Manager

Acting Project Manager

Programmer /Analyst / Image Analysis

Optics Engineer \ SBRC Interface / Calibration Plan

Scientist / Solar Irradiance/ MODIS Calibration Handbook

Technical Editor / Meetings / Plans/ MCST.BB

Scientist / Utility/Masking Algorithm / Snow / Ice

MCST Pr- ~tation to the MODIS Science Team r -5 at the Plenary session of the Science Team Meeting 15 Ap 92John L.B, /NASA/GSFC/925/MCST (MODIS Characterization Support Team) Talk#7 Macllci File 15APR92.MCST&i.2 7:00 4/”lo192

MODIS Science Team Organization Chart

I MCRPI

MODIS CalibrationReview Panel

of MCST SuppliedAlgorithms

P. Slater/ U of AZ Chair

R. Evans/U of MiamiC. Johnson/ NISTY. Kaufman/ GSFC/923H. Kieffer / USGSP. Menzel/ NOAA/NESDISJ.P. Mullet/ U.Coil.London

MODISInstrumentScientist

W. Barnes/ 970

MODIS Team LeaderV. Salomonson / 900

MODISje ut Team Leader88. . lna /913

MODIS Science Team23 Team Members

IMSSO

I MODIS Science Support OfficeI

I MCST I

CharacterizationSupport TeamJ. Barker/ 925

Civii Servants.J. Harnden / 925P. Abel/ 925B. Markham/ 923S. Ungar / 923

Contractors

P. Ardanuy / RDCJ. Burelbach / RDCB. Grant/ RDCD. Hoyt/ RDCJ. Nail/ RDCG. Riggs/ RDC

m

I MSDST I

MODISScience Data

Support TeamA. Fleig / 900

Civii ServantsV. Kalb / 923W. Webster/ 922

ContractorsL. Carpenter/ RDC

T. Goff / RDCL. Gumley/ RDCB. Vallette / RDC

1MODIS

TechnicalTeam

MODISAdministrativeSupport TeamL. Stuart/ 920

Civil ServantsA. Mecherikunnel / 920H. Oseroff / 920.2D. Toll/ 974

ContractorsS. McLaughlin/ RAi

MCST Presentation to theMODIS science Team Page&JohnL.Barker/NASA/GSFC/92S/MCST (MODIS Characterization Suppoti Team)

at the Pfenary session of the ScienceTeamMinting 15April1992Tallc#7 MacllclHle 15APR92.MCST&i.2 7:00 4/15/92

MODIS/MCST Calibration Strategy

1. Use Alternative MODIS Calibration MethodologiesSeveral alternative calibration methodologies

will be implemented throughout 15-year missionto provide a robust unique “official” calibration algorithmand to allow for its validation by independent methods

2. Characterize Precision on a Time-Scale of MonthsPost-launch quantitative characterization and monitoring

of the precision (repeatability) with which MODIS at-satellite radiancesare measured by various methodswill occur within 2 to 6 months

I

MCST Pr~-=ntation to the MODIS Scicncc Team r- .q-7 at the l’lcnary session of the %Icncc Team Meeting 15 AT ‘,92John ~.G /NASA/GSFC/925/MCST (MODIS Characterization Support Team) Talk#7 Macllci File 15APR92,MCSTSci.2 7:W 4/ ,92

MODIS/MCST Calibration Strategy (continued)

3. Characterize Accuracy on a Time-Scale of YearsPost-launch quantitative characterization and monitoring

of the accuracy with which MODIS at-satellite radiancesare measured by various methods and on two in-orbit instrumentswill occur within 3 to 5 years

4. Validate Math Model in 10-15 YearsValidation of the components of the predictive radiometric math models

for each MODIS instrument(with an expected life-time of five-six years each)will occur over the fifteen year life-time of EOS mission

MCST presentation to the MODIS Science Team Pagc~

John L.Barker /NASA/GSFC/925/MCST (MODIS Characterization Support Team)at the Plenary session of the science Team Meeting 15 April 1992

Talk#7 Macllci File 15APR92.MCSTSci.2 7:00 4/15/92

At-Launch MODIS Calibration Data Products*Primary MCST Product Generation Responsibilities

Instrument-Related Characterization/Calibration

Files for Appending/Accessing with Raw Level-lA or -lB Imagery● Radiometric Calibration/Correction Parameters / Characteristics● Within-Image Geometric Pixel Location Correction or Characteristics● Spectral Characteristicsc Radiometric Math Model Parameters /Characteristics

Calibrated Level-lB Imagery. At-Satellite Radiances

Derived Level-2 Imageryc Earth-Sun Distance and Solar Zenith Normalized Exoatmospheric Reflectances Errors in At-Satellite Radiances

* MCST-generated algorithms and software for operational products,including associated algorithms for automated quality assurance, metadata, and browse products,are to be rehosted to EOSDIS by MSDST

At-Launch products will be up-dated after launch, as required.

MCST P“ ntation to the MODIS %icnce Team ?.9 at the Plenary session of the Wlence Team Meeting 15 A1 ’92

John L.L r /NASA/GSFC/925/MCST (MODIS Characterization Support Team) Talk#7 Macilci File 15APR92.MCSTSci.2 7:00 4/ 1~/92

.

Post-Launch MODIS Calibration Data Products*Primary MCST Product Generation Responsibilities

Instrument-Related Characterization/Calibration

Files for Appending/Accessing with Level-lA or -lB ImagerySolar Calibration Datasets from the Solar Diffuser used for CalibrationLunar Calibration Datasets used for Calibration

Derived Level-2 Information or ImagerySolar IrradianceLunar IrradianceLunar ReflectanceErrors in Reflectance after Atmospheric CorrectionErrors in Pixel Geolocation without Topographic CorrectionErrors in Pixel Geolocation with Topographic Correction

Derived Level--3 Information or Imagery with Critical Data ProductsErrors in Reflectance after Atmospheric CorrectionErrors in Pixel Geolocation without Topographic CorrectionErrors in Pixel Geolocation with Topographic Correction

* MCST-generated algorithms and software for operational products,including associated algorithms for automated quality assurance, metadata, and browse products,are to be rehosted to EOSDIS by MSDST

MCST Presentation to the MODIS Science Team Page-10 at the Plenary session of the Science Team Meeting 15 April 1992John L.Barker /NASA/GSFC/925/MCST (MODIS Characterization Support Team) Talk#7 Macllci File 15APR92.MCSTSci.2 7:00 4/15/92

MODIS/MCST Calibration Data Products*

Discipline

Group Parameter:: Qualifier Investigator Time Original Product Name (from Investigator)

At-Launch ProductsCAL Characteristic:: MODIS instrument Level-1 Salomonson/Barker AL

CAL Radiancc:MODIS At-Satellite Level-1 Salomonson/Barker AL At-Satellite RadiancesCAL Model::MODISInstrument Level-1 Salomonson/Barker AL Math ModelCAL Reflcctanw:MODIS Exoatmospheric Level-2 Salomonson/Barker AL Exoatmospheric Reflcctances

CAL Error::MODIS Radiance Level-2 Salomonson/Barker AL

Post-Launch ProductsCAL Radiance::MODISSolar Diffuser Level-l Salomonson/Barker PL Solar Calibration DatasetsCAL Radiance: MODISLunar Reference Level-l Salomonson/Barker PL Lunar Calibration Datasets

CAL lrradiance::MODIS Solar Level-2 Salomonson/Barker PL Derived Solar IrradianceCAL lrradiance:MODIS Lunar Level-2 Salomonson/ Barker PL Derived Lunar Irradiance

CAL Reflcctan~:MODIS Lunar Level-2 Salomonson/Barker PL Lunar Reflcctances

CAL Erron:MODIS Reflectance LCVCI-2 Salomonson/Barker PLCAL Erron:MODIS Geometric Level-2 Salomonson/ Barker PL

CAL Erroc:MODIS Geometric Level-3 Salomonson/Barker PL

* As currently carried in the EOS Science Data Product Database (Yun Chi Lu/936)

* The question of whether there are unique EOSAM, EOSPMor combined EOSAM/EOSPM calibration data products has not been examined.

MCSTPr- ~tation to the MODIS Science Team r -11

John L.B ~/NASA/GSFC/925/MCST (MODISCharacterizationSupportTeam]at the IJlenary session of the Science Team Meeting 15 AF 92

Talk#7 Macllci File 15APR92.MCSTSci.2 7:00 4/ ,~192

MODIS/MCST Calibration PlanVersion 1, April 131992

ObjectiveProvide a comprehensive overview andintegration of all methodologiesused to calibrate the MODIS instruments

for all phases of the mission:pre-launch, and in-orbit

ApproachSBRC MODIS Calibration Management Plan

is the first and most important documentIt will be included by referenceafter the Preliminary Design Review (PDR)in October, 1992 PDR

MCST Presentation to the MODIS Science Team Page-12 at the Plenary session of the Wlence Team Meeting 15 April 1992JohnL.Barker /NASA/GSFC/925/MCST (MODIS CharacterizationSupport Team) Talk#7 MacllciFile:15APR92.MCSTSci.2 7:W 4/15/92

Outline ofMODIS Calibration/ Characterization Plan

1 Introduction2 Pre-Launch Calibration/Characterization Methodology3 Instrument Cross-Calibration

Pre-LaunchIn-Orbit

4 Transfer of Calibration/ Characterization fromPre-Launch to In-Orbit using On-Board Calibrators

5 In-Orbit Radiometric Calibration/Characterization

------------if M*:’?NfGE!!!!;:E!:::::::l:6 Tn-Orbi~o .enm~tric hara~tq~ig~~i.nn

II...................-..I.II8 Official MODIS/MCST Calibration Algorithm9 MODIS/MCST Calibration Algorithm

Validation and Upgrade10 Definitions and References

MCST P- ~tation to the MODIS Science Team r

John L.L‘-13 at the Plena~ sewion of the Science Team Meeting 15 Al 92

r /NASA/GSFC/925/MCST (MODIS Characterization Support Team) Talk#7 Macllci File 15APR92.MCSTSci,2 7:00 4/ ,a192

MODIS/MCST Calibration Handbook

ObjectiveProvide results of calibration

and sufficient supporting informationto be able to scientifically useand interpret MODIS data.

ApproachProduce a stand-alone scientific user’s guide

containing all one needs to knowabout calibration of MODIS datathroughout the lifetime of the EOS mission

This Handbook will be the starting pointfor MODIS input to an EOS Calibration Handbook

MCST Presentation to the MODIS Science Team Pilgc-14 at the P]cnary session {~fthe Science Team Meeting 1S April 1992John L.Barker /NASA/GSFC/92S/MCST (MODIS Characterization Supprt Team) Talk#7 Macllci File 15APR92.MCSTSci.2 7:~ 4/15/92

Hughes/SBRC MODIS Instrument Delivery ScheduleProtoflight Model (PF) for launch June 1998 on EOSAM-1

Flight Model-1 (Fl) for launch June 2000 on EOSPM-1MCST plans to analyze test data as thev are generated

1991 1992 1993

PHASE CID AWARD

DESIGN

ENGINEERING MODEL

PROTOFLIGHT MODEL

FLIGHT MODEL 1

FLIGHT MODEL 2

FLIGHT MODELS STORAGE

I I’[)li (;[)11

A——

c

I994 1995

A

. —

r

1996 1997 1998 1999—— ——

A

)000-

>()()2-

A

0319292-0163-16

MCST Pm’-”tation to the MODIS Science Team P- ‘.15 at the Pfena~ session of the Science Team Meeting 15 ApI ?2John L.B~ ,/NASA/GSFC/925 /MCST (MODIS Characterization Support Team) Talk#7 Macllci File: 15APR92.MCSTSci.2 7:(MI 4/,.. 32

Hughes/SBRC MODIS Systems Analysis Overviewincluding NASA/GSFC Instrument Requirements

MCST plans to document scientific rationale for any cl~anges

\ /

I● POWER● LIFETIME● RADIA~● SOLAR FLUX

\ .—

ANAI YSIS GSFC------ ---- -● RADIOMETRIC● REGISTRATION

opmcs —------” , ‘:%:2:2: ~

SBRC

--- . . . .. -.

k~~””r/ ‘ \-,- >;“, &“ , , ,“L HELIADIL I Y

● LIFETIME● RADIATION

● MEETINGS● DATA TRANSFER

----’-’- “ -“-”is~CnPAlI

o artblrr~n I IUN

MECHANICS● ICDS

I

. ““”LPLANES

v

SUBSYSTEMS ANALYSIS ~?=

MCST Presentation to the MODIS Science Team Page-16 at the Plenary session of the Science Team Meeting 15 April 1992John L.Barker /NASA/GSFC/925/MCST (MODIS Characterization Support Team) Talk#7 Macllci File: 15APR92.MCSTSci.2 7:00 4/15/92

At-Launch MODIS Utilitv Data Products*MCST Product Generation Responsibilities

Derived Level-2 ImageryThree level-2 image spatial products for sets of 250,500, and 1000 m bands

Texture ProductsSixteen-Bit Radiometric Spatial Heterogeneity/Texture Image

derived from one or both of the 250 m MODIS bandsOne-Bit “Pure Pixel” Binarv Mask

Classification Overlay’MapApproximate priority order for developing the masks:

“Definitely” Cloud “Definitely” Not Cloud“Definitely” Snow/Ice “Definitely” Not Snow/Ice“Definitely” Water “Definitely” Not Water“Definitely” Land “Definitely” Not LandImage Terminator Line Calculated Terminator Line“Definitely” Glint “Definitely” Not Glint“Definitely” Vegetation “Definitely” Not Vegetation“Definitely” Shadow “Definitely” Not Shadow

* At-1aunch products will be up-dated after launchto go from radiance-based to reflectance and temporally-based algorithms,including extension to critical level-3 products.

MCST Pr= tation to the MODIS Science Team J’ 17 at the Plenary session of the Science Team Meeting 15 ApI 12

John L.& /NASA/CSFC/925/MCST (MODIS CharacterizationSupport Team) ~ Talk#7 Macllci File 15APR92.MCSTSci.2 700 4/].,32

MODIS/MCST Land Data Products*

I Group

=

LAND

tiND

IAND

Parameter:: Qualifier Investigator Time Original Product Name (from Investigator)

Texture:: MODIS Level-2 Salomonson/Barker AL Utility Algorithm with Strahler

Texture:: MODIS Level-3 Salomonson/Barker PL Utility Algorithm with Strahler

Classification:: MODIS Masks Level-2 Salomonson/Barker AL Cloud/Snow/Land/Water Utility Mask with Hall

Classification:: MODIS Masks Level-3 Salomonson/Barker PL Cloud/Snow/Land/Water Utility Mask with Hall

* As currently carried in the EOS Science Data Product Database (Yun Chi Lu/936)

* The question of whether there are unique EOS-AM, EOS-PMor combined EOS-AM/EOS-PM land data products has not been examined.

MCST Presentation10the MODIS Science Tmm Page-18John L.Barker /NASA/GSFC/925/MCST (MODIS Characterization Suppoti Team)

at the Plenary sessionof the SctcnceTeam Meeting 15 April 1992

Talk#7 Macllci File 15AI’R92.MCSTSci.2 7:W 4/15/92

MCST-Related MODIS Scene Simulation ActivitiesRequirements for Simulated Data Sets

Simulated data sets are required to develop, characterize and validate :Calibration algorithms and trade-off studies

for both the instrument and platformScience and utility algorithms

for information extractionOperational software for the processing algoriths

for the ground processing/data reduction computers

Simulated data sets can provide only a limited representationof the actual temporal data sets -that will be acquired by the MODIS instruments in space

i. e., they are not intended for a priorirepresentative characterization of global processes

MCST Pr -tation to the MODIS Science Team r ‘-19 at the Plenary sessionof the Science Team Meeting 15 Ap ?2)ohn L.E ~/NASA/GSFC/925/MCST (MODIS Charatierization Support Team) Talk#7 Macllci File 15APR92.MCSTSci.2 7:00 4/,.,92

MCST-Related MODIS Scene Simulation ActivitiesDesired Properties of the Simulated Data Sets

Be derivable conveniently, cost-effectively and in a timely manner

Cover the spectral, radiometric, geometric, field-of-view, temporaland other operational ranges of the MODIS instruments, including

typical or pseudo-realistic cases, andlimiting or extreme cases

Be structured for parametric sensitivity studies to readily reveal behavioralcharacteristics of system under consideration

Allow scene modification/creation for unanticipated needs

Provide for easy validation against well understood existing real datasets(the simulated data correspondence principle)

Be complete enough to allow for stressing all pathways in the software

MCST Presentation to the MODIS Science Team Page-20John L,Batkcr /NASA/GSFC/925/MCST (MODIS Characterization Support Team)

at the Plenary sessionof the %icnce Team Meeting 15 April 1992

Titlk#7 Macllci File 15APR92.MCSTSci.2 7:00 4/15/92

MCST-Related MODIS Scene Simulation ActivitiesApproach to Simulating Data Sets

Synthetically and theoretically derived structured scenesWell defined geometric patterns of pure pixels to facilitate error analysisGroups of pixels possessing artificially defined statistical distributions

e.g. areas of given mean radiance and deviationwith along track gradient, cross track gradient, etc.

Fractal generated scenes for representative studies

Scenes derived empirically from existing data setsLandsat TM, AVHRR, AVARIS, MAS, etc.

UNIX-based PRA shell for simulation activitiesthat includes modifiable sections for the

source of irradiancesceneatmosphereinstrument

MCST Pre--~tation to the MODIS Science Team p 21 at the Plenary session of the Science Team Meeting 15 Apt ‘2John L,Bi ./NASA/GSFC/92.5/MCST (MODIS Characterization Support Team) Talk#7 Macllci File 15APR92,MCSTSci.2 7:00 4/ 1-, 32

Radiance at ToP of Atmosphere fromLOWTRAN7 Output--~976 US Stakdard Atmosphere

23Km Visibility -- 1.125g/cm**2 Water Vapor -Total, Reflected and Path

80

60

40

20

0 I

!J.4 {1.> ().6 ().7 ().U ().9 IWiiVCICl)~lll (Il]icrt}lllelcrs)

I{efleclnnce = ().10

MCST Pre=ntation to the MODIS science Team Page-22 at the Plenary sessionof the Science Team Meeting 15 April 1992John L.Barker /NASA/GSFC/925/MCST (MODIS Characterization Support Team) Talk#7 Macllci Filw 15APR92.MCSTSci.2 7:00 4/15/92

10-

9-

8-

7-

6-

5“

4

3

2

Radiance at Top of Atmosphere Derived fromMCST Spreadsheet Model

Total, -Reflected and Path

1

00.4 0.5 (

—I— ----------

6-- “- 0.7 0.8Wavelength in microns

0.9 1.0

MCST Pre- ‘tation to the MODIS %ence Team P- 23 at the Plenary sessionof the Science Team Meeting 15 Apr’ ‘2John L.BL /NASA/GSFC/925/MCST (MODIS Charadenzation Support Team) . Talk#7 Macllci File: 15APR92,MCSTSci.2 7(X) 4/1.. J2

MODIS Simulation of 500m 1.6pm Bandfrom Landsat Thematic Mapper Imagew of Chugach, Alaslca

I

TM lJalIci 5 (1.55 -1.75 }iIn) (28.51n)

hlCST Presentation to the MODIS Sci;nce “l”cam Page-24 at the Pfcnary session of the Science Team hfccting 15 April 1992

Johtt L. Batkcr /NAsA/CSFC/925/MCST (MODIS Characterization SUpFti Team) Talk#7 Macllci File: 15APR92.MC5TSci.2 7:00 4/15/92

MODIS/MCST Feedback Sheeton MODIS Calibration Handbook and MODIS Characterization/Calibration Plan

Questions ?

Suggestions ?

Concerns ?

Actions for Next Meeting?

Name: Date:For E-mail correspondence address GSFCmail:JBarker or BGrant.For updates on the latest events and available documents, CHECK MCST.BBbulletin board on GSFCmail.

MCST Prewntation to the MODIS Science Team Page-26 at the Plenary smsion of the Science Team Mcctin~ 15 April 1992

John L.f3arker /NASA/GSFC/92S/MCST (MODIS Characterization Supptt Team) Taik#7 Macllc{ Filc 15APK92.MC$T%I,2 7;00 4/15/92