Nama calon:

PAGE SOLAF SPS 2014

VOLUME 1

Using information from observations to make reasonable early conclusions. Making various possible interpretations from single observation Using inferences as a tool to determine the appropriate additional observations. Testing the accuracy of inferences through additional observations. Give reason to an observation or making an earlier conclusion from what have been observed.

The Inferences

Logical inference any reason as long as it is logic.

Comparing any logical reason but the answer must be in a form of comparing.

Controlled/exact only one specific reason is accepted. (based on only one specific observation) Relate to the science facts or knowledge. (based on the topics you have learnt)Ways of making inference:

Identify and relate the question with the topic or the science facts for example basic need or heat or phases of the moon and so on.

Determine the observation

Find the cause (reason) for the thing to happen (observation)

Form the sentence

The SentenceExample 1

A group of pupils arrange the models as shown in the diagram below to investigate

the stability of the structures.

When the cardboard is inclined slowly, the pupils have recorded their observation as follows:

i. Model Z toppled over first followed by model Yii. Model Y toppled over first followed by model X

Note: The topic is factor that affects stability i.e the height

Question1: What can you say about the time taken for the models to topple over? observation

The observation shows that Z toppled over first followed by Y than followed by X.

The answer: Z toppled over first followed by Y than X

Question 2: State an inference from the observation above. Accepted answers: Z has the least stability X has the most stability Z is less stable than Y and X

X is more stable than Y and Z

Note: Answer is given based on the science facts / knowledge from the topic

stability (theme 5 year 5) The lesser the stability, the faster it will topple over Question 3: State another observation for the answer given above.

Accepted answers: Z is the tallest model Z is the highest model X is the shortest model Z is taller than Y and X X is shorter than Y and Z

Note: The first observation is based on the statement given as the answer in Question 1 therefore another observation based on the diagram.

Question samples:

a) State two reasons based on the observation above.b) State an inference for the condition of the fish in the aquarium.c) Give a reason for the answer given in (a)d) Why is the distance of the moving trolley decreasing?

EXERCISES

1.Diagram below shows the same type of plants P, Q, R and S planted in the same size of pot. Type of soil used is the same. The plants were left in the open for four days.

Observation: 1. Plant R grows well.

2. Plants P, Q and S wilt.

a)Give one inference for the condition of plant S:

..

2.Five seeds are placed in each of the beakers K, L and M as shown in

Diagram 1. All beakers are placed under a table for four days.

Diagram 1

a. State one observation based on the diagram given.

b.From your observation , state one inference.

...

3.Zalmi carried out a fair test about the relationship between the length of string and the number of swings of a pendulum in 1 minute. He used three different lengths of string. The observation is recorded in Table 1.

Pendulum

Length of string (cm)

Number of swings of a pendulum in 1 minute

P

Q

R

5

7

9

50

40

30

Table 1

a)From the table given , write down your observation .

.

b)From your observation , state one inference.

.

4.A fair test on the ability of absorption by different sponges was carried out by Qiue. Four sponges of different thickness, K, L, M and N are immersed in four beakers contained the same volume of water. After 5 minutes, the sponges were taken out and the volume of water left in the beaker is measured and recorded in the Table 2 below.

Sponges

K

L

M

N

Thickness of sponge (cm)

2

4

6

8

Volume of water left (ml)

200

150

100

50

Table 2

a)State two observation, based from the table given above.:i) .

ii) ..

b)From your observation in a) state one inference.

5.Diagram 2 below shows the distances of the planets in a Solar system.

Diagram 2

An astronaut carried out an investigation about the temperature of 20 ml of water brought by him at three different planets. He recorded the results in the Table 3 below.

Planet

Venus

Mars

Saturn

Temperature of 20 ml of water ( C)

70

28

10

Table 3

a)From the table given above, state one observation

..

..

b)From your observation , state one inference

.

6.Pupil A and pupil B compete with each other by trying to complete 20 sums given by their teacher in 10 minutes. The results obtained are recorded in the Table 4 below.

Pupils

Number of sums completed in 10 minutes.

A

6

B

14

Table 4

a)What can you infer from the table above.

..

......

7.The diagram 3 below shows three similar handkerchiefs being hung in different ways.

P Q RDiagram 3

a)Based on the activities above , what is your observation.

b)From your observation, state one inference.

8.Maya carry out a fair test. Two mice are kept separately in two containers as shown in Diagram 4. Both containers are left for a week.

Diagram 4

a) What is your observation?

.

b)From your observation , state one inference.

..

..

9.A student carries out an experiment to show that sunlight is a basic need of plants.

a)Based from the experiment above , state your observation..

b)From your observation , state one inference.

..

..

10.A group of pupils arranged three models as shown in the diagram 6 below

to investigate the stability of the models.

Diagram 6

When the cardboard was inclined slowly, the pupils recorded their observations as follows:

iii. Model Z toppled over first, followed by model Y.

iv. Model Y toppled over first, followed by model X.

a)From the investigation above, state one observation.

b)From your observation , state one inference.

11.Taqqiuuddin and his friends are carrying out an investigation.

Diagram 7 (i) shows Taqqiuuddin is trying to move a load by using a lever. He finds it is difficult to move the load.

Diagram 7 (i)

Taqqiuuddin moves the fulcrum closer to the load as shown in Diagram 7 (ii).

Then he finds that it is easier to move the load.

Diagram 7 (ii)

a)From your observation above, state one inference.

.

12.Diagram 9 shows an investigation carried out by a group of pupils.

PQ

(a)(b)State one observation from the investigation above.

Write one inference for your observation above.

13.Nonie pours 100 ml of milk and 100 ml of shampoo in to two beakers respectively. She records the time taken for each liquid to flow completely.

a)What is your observation from the investigation above.

b)State one inference from your observation given in a)

.

14.A group of people are asked to construct three tower models of equal height using manila cards. The three models constructed by the group are shown in table below.

Model X

Model Y

Model Z

Each model is placed on an inclined plane to investigate its stability. The results of the study is shown below .

a)State one observation based from the investigation above.

b)From your observation , state one inference.

15.In an investigation, a group of pupils use a spring-powered toy car.

The table below shows their observationsNumber of times the spring is wound

Distanced traveled

(cm)

Time taken

(second)

3

40

10

5

40

8

7

40

6

a)State one observation based on the table given.

b)From your observation give one inference.

.

16Diagram below shows an investigation carried out by a group of pupils.

a)State one observation , based from the experiment above.

..

..

b)From your observation, state one inference.

....

17.Diagram below shows a result from an experiment.

EMBED PBrush X Ya)State one reason (inference) based on the condition of balloon X .

..

.

b) State one reason (inference) based on the condition of balloon Y.

..

.

18.The same type of plants P and Q were planted by a Pak Ali in the same size of pots. The plants were left for one week and the result is as shown in diagram below.

P Q a)State two reasons (inferences) based on the condition of plant Q after a week.

i)..

ii)..

b)In another situation the same experiment were carried out by a group of pupils but the plant in pot Q was put in the dark room. The result is the same as above.State one reason (inference) based on these information...

..

19.Diagram beleow shows a complete circuit . Objects W, X, Y and Z are connected to the circuit. The result is recorded below .

Object

Observation

W

The bulb light upXThe bulb light upY

The bulb does not light up

Z

The bulb does not light up

a)State one reason ( inference) based on these information.

..

..

20.Bar chart below shows a result of an investigation.

a)State one reason ( inference) about the average number of turtle landed in Rantau Abang Beach

..

.

Leaves covered with oil

sunlight

box

sunlight

wet

soil

R

Q

dry

soil

wet

soil

S

P

Saturn

Venus

Mars

models of polystyrene

models of polystyrene

cardboard

EMBED MSGraph.Chart.8 \s

Year

Average number of turtle

Landed in Rantau Abang Beach

Model Y is the first to topple, followed by model X. Model Z does not topple

flower pot

young plants

torch

table tennis ball

globe

shadow

cardboard

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