module 0 - orientation
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Module 0 - Orientation. Radiation Safety Training. Instructor. Dennis Widner Health Physicist – Training 542-0526. Why do we have to take a course on Radiation Safety ?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Module 0 - Orientation
Radiation Safety TrainingRadiation Safety Training
InstructorInstructorDennis WidnerDennis Widner
Health Physicist – TrainingHealth Physicist – Training
542-0526542-0526
Why do we have to take a Why do we have to take a course on Radiation Safety ?course on Radiation Safety ?
Since UGA possesses and uses RAMs, it is state law and a requirement of UGAs RAM license that training be provided and documented as part of a Radiation Protection Program and testing conducted to assure that you are trained! Annual requalification must be performed.
Why do we have Radiation Why do we have Radiation Safety at UGA?Safety at UGA?
To instruct you how to protect yourself and others from ionizing radiation.
Use of RAM in research at UGA has been documented since 1965 and in conjunction with this research, a radiation safety program
has co-existed for your protection.
What is Ionizing radiation and why is it dangerous?
What is Radiation Safety?What is Radiation Safety?
The science to limit health problems associated with the internal and external exposure to
radiation or radioactive material to the individual and potential offspring, through precautions and procedures to minimize this exposure, and in the
purposes and functions of protective devices employed.
Chp 12, “Radiation Producing Equipment”2003
Chp 1, “Radiation Safety Organization”
Chp 2, “Principles of Radiation Safety””
Chp 3, “Radiation Exposure Limits”
Chp 4, “Facilities and Equipment Considerations”
Chp 5, “Procurement and Transfer of Radioactive Materials”
Chp 6, “Radiological Surveys”
Chp 7, “Radiological Postings”
Chp 8, “Response to Radiological Incidents”
Chp 9, “Laboratory Procedures”
Chp 10, “Radioactive Waste Handling and Disposal”
Chp 11, “Radiological Improvement Program”
Chapter 1Radiation Safety Organization
NRC State of Georgia
DNR/EPD
ESDESD AuthorizedAuthorizedUserUser
Advanced Radiation Worker(s)
Radiation WorkersRadiation Workers
RadiationRadiationSafetySafety
CommitteeCommittee
AgreementAgreement Licenses- UGALicenses- UGA
Approved PermitApproved PermitRulesRules
&&RegsRegs
University of Georgia Radiation Safety Program OrganizationUniversity of Georgia Radiation Safety Program Organization
(Nuclear Regulatory Commission)
(Department of Natural Resources/Environmental Protection Division)
VP BUS & FINVP BUS & FINPRESIDENTPRESIDENT
Radiation Safety OfficerRadiation Safety Office
RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY OF THE RADIATION SAFETY COMMITTEE
(RSC) The Committee is appointed by the President of the University
The Committee will establish radiation safety policy
The policy will be designed to:
Protect faculty, staff, students, visitors and the public from hazardous radiological conditions
Keep the University in compliance with state and federal regulations and the conditions of the University’s license
Maintain all radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA)
The Radiation Safety CommitteeThe Radiation Safety Committee
The University of Georgia Radiation Safety Committee is The University of Georgia Radiation Safety Committee is comprised of faculty, administrators and staff who have been comprised of faculty, administrators and staff who have been
delegated responsibility for radiological health, safety and delegated responsibility for radiological health, safety and compliance at the University. The RSC functions include;compliance at the University. The RSC functions include;
Review of radiation safety policy
Review of campus radiation safety
Advisement to the university administration about radiation safety issues and programs
Ensures that audits of the operations and activities of the UGA Radiation Safety Office
Approvals and permits for use of radioactive and ionizing materials at UGA
Radiation Safety Disciplinary Hearings
The Authorized User (AU)The Authorized User (AU)
The RSC will authorize faculty members for the use of radioactive materials after submission of a written application if it is determined that safety requirements will be met. Faculty members
and other individuals so authorized shall be referred to as “Authorized Users”
The applicant must have adequate training and experience to safely handle the types and quantities of radioactive materials requested.
The applicant must have adequate space, facilities, and equipment to safely use and possess the radioactive materials requested.
The applicant must agree to comply with guidelines stipulated in the UGA Radiation Safety Manual and with any other written directives authorized by the RSC.
Responsibilities of the Authorized UserResponsibilities of the Authorized User
To ensure that the policies in the UGA/RSM are observed by all personnel under their direction
To make available appropriate radiation safety procedures and policies to be observed in the permitted use location
To see that radiological surveys are made and records kept as required by the Radiation Safety Officer and the UGA/RSM
To keep an up-to-date inventory of radioactive materials under control of the Authorized User. 6 month verification
To properly prepare and store radioactive waste material for disposal as described in the UGA/RSM
To post proper radiation signs and labels as described in the UGA/RSM
To provide Radiation Safety with all required radiological records prior to:
terminating employment with the Universityterminating lease of space from the University
terminating radioisotope usage
To treat all authorized use locations as radioactive materialsareas and comply with the associated safety requirements
Responsibilities of the Authorized UserResponsibilities of the Authorized User
To ensure that neither radioactive materials nor contaminated equipment is removed from the radioactive materials area, unless
proper procedures are followed as described in the UGA/RSM
To ensure that no furniture or equipment is removed from an permitted use location to an unrestricted area until the materials
have been surveyed, found to be free of contamination, and all radioactive warning labels removed
AU Approval, Use and Change
Permit Application
RSO & RSC Approval
Operational Permit
Inventory
PermitMaintenance
Surveys
Records
Waste
Training
Changes to Permit
Amendments
Chronological Approved Amendments
•Possession limits•Change of Location•Inactive or termination status•ARW changes•Sewer Discharge permit
Directions for notifying the proper authorities in the event of an emergency or accident
To properly train and document on the RWC all new personnel before allowing them to work with, or be exposed to ionizing radiation from authorized sources. Training shall include:
Reading of the UGA/RSM
General rules of radiation safety
Specific rules for the authorized uses and use locations
Directions for contacting the Radiation Safety Officer and Radiation Safety staff for assistance
Responsibilities of the Authorized UserResponsibilities of the Authorized User
Certification of at least one worker in the permitted use location as an Advanced Radiation Worker (ARW) by successful completion of required training as provided by Radiation Safety (6 months may be
allowed to complete this requirement)
Authorized UsersAuthorized Usersmust initially train their employeesmust initially train their employees
as Radiation Workers before allowing them to work as Radiation Workers before allowing them to work in a radiation laboratory.in a radiation laboratory.
Radiation Worker (RW)
Everyone who works under the permit of an Authorized User is a Radiation Worker
It is the responsibility of the AU to properly train and document new personnel before allowing them to work with, or be exposed to
ionizing radiation from authorized sources.
All Radiation Worker Training must be documented using form;
“UGA Radiation Worker Certification”Available on line at
“FORMS”http://www.esd.uga.edu/rad
Once completed a copy of this form must be returned to the RSO.The original is for your labs training records
Advanced Radiation Worker(ARW)
UGA Advanced Radiation Worker is an individual who through appropriate training and experience is qualified and authorized
to work independently with radiation sources and to supervise such use by others, e.g., laboratory radiation technician. Certification is by taking the training modules required by the Radiation Safety
Office.
After passing an exam for each required module will a person become certified. A minimum score of 70 is required on each exam.
If an exam is failed then a retest will be performed. If the retest is failed, then the module must be retaken.
A training certificate will be issued upon successful completion of the
UGA required Radiation Safety Training.
UGA Radiation Safety OfficeUGA Radiation Safety Office
The Radiation Safety Officer and staff are available to assist and advise Authorized Users of ionizing radiation on
the University campus, and to ensure that all ionizing radiation is used in accordance with the policies approved
by the Radiation Safety Committee.
The RSO shall ensure that proper surveys are carried out in all authorized locations where ionizing radiation is used, and that
appropriate records are kept
Radiation Safety maintains all records required by state and federal regulations and rules of good practice
Radiation Safety Officer
Mr. Jody Jacobs706-542-0107
Radiation Safety Office StaffRadiation Safety Office Staff
Call 542-5801Call 542-5801
Dennis WidnerDennis Widner• TrainingTraining• Personnel recordsPersonnel records• Thyroid BioassaysThyroid Bioassays• Sealed SourcesSealed Sources
Lauren PalmerLauren Palmer• InspectionsInspections• ComplianceCompliance• DosimetryDosimetry• X-RayX-Ray
John PyleJohn Pyle• Isotope receiptIsotope receipt• B-numbersB-numbers• Survey MetersSurvey Meters• Rad WasteRad Waste• AssistanceAssistance
• SurveysSurveys• DosimetryDosimetry• Isotope receiptIsotope receipt
706-542-0526
706-542-0077
706-542-7628
UGA RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS UGA RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS LICENSELICENSE
The University of Georgia Broad Scope LicenseThe University of Georgia Broad Scope License
The University of Georgia operates under the State of The University of Georgia operates under the State of Georgia, Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Georgia, Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division, Rules and Regulations for Radioactive Protection Division, Rules and Regulations for Radioactive Materials, Chapter 391-3-17.Materials, Chapter 391-3-17.
The State of Georgia is a Nuclear Regulatory Commission The State of Georgia is a Nuclear Regulatory Commission Agreement state. Agreement state.
The University of Georgia has been issued license GA 103-1.The University of Georgia has been issued license GA 103-1.
The University of Georgia Broad Scope LicenseThe University of Georgia Broad Scope License
This license is a large scale non-fuel cycle Type A broad This license is a large scale non-fuel cycle Type A broad scope license.scope license.
The University of Georgia has the privilege of using large The University of Georgia has the privilege of using large varieties of radioactive materials. Large amounts of varieties of radioactive materials. Large amounts of activity are authorized and may then be used in many activity are authorized and may then be used in many locations, with many procedures and users that change locations, with many procedures and users that change frequently. frequently.
The broad license confers authority upon the University to The broad license confers authority upon the University to approve, manage and control the receipt, use and disposal approve, manage and control the receipt, use and disposal or radioactive materials. In fact, the University acts to or radioactive materials. In fact, the University acts to “police” itself under the authority given in a broad license.“police” itself under the authority given in a broad license.
This license places significant This license places significant responsibility on each individual who uses responsibility on each individual who uses radioactive materials to conform with safe radioactive materials to conform with safe work practices, and to conduct and work practices, and to conduct and complete all required compliance duties, complete all required compliance duties, however large or small they may be.however large or small they may be.
REQUIRED RULES, REGULATIONS, REQUIRED RULES, REGULATIONS, AND REPORTSAND REPORTS
Rules & RegulationsRules & Regulations
Complete copies of the Federal,State, and UGA rules and regulationsconcerning radiation safety, as wellas complete copies of our licenses and registrations are available in theRadiation Safety Office.
Georgia Georgia Department of Natural Resources Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection DivisionEnvironmental Protection Division
• Key Parts of the Key Parts of the “Rules and “Rules and Regulations for Radioactive Regulations for Radioactive Materials, Chapter 391-3-17”Materials, Chapter 391-3-17”
• Part .01: General ProvisionsPart .01: General Provisions• Part .03: Standards for Part .03: Standards for
Protection Against RadiationProtection Against Radiation• Part .07: Notices, Instructions Part .07: Notices, Instructions
and Reports to Workers: and Reports to Workers: Inspections.Inspections.
RADIATION USE AND STORAGE RADIATION USE AND STORAGE LOCATIONS AT UGALOCATIONS AT UGA
UGA Radiation UGA Radiation Usage at Usage at
Locations in GeorgiaLocations in Georgia
Athens – UGA CampusAthens – UGA Campus
Griffin – UGA CollegeGriffin – UGA College of Agriculture and of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesEnvironmental Sciences
Sapelo Island – UGASapelo Island – UGA Marine InstituteMarine Institute
Tifton – UGA CollegeTifton – UGA College of Agriculture andof Agriculture and Environmental SciencesEnvironmental Sciences
Locations of Use - Locations of Use - Main CampusMain Campus
UGA Main CampusUGA Main CampusBuildings with RadiationBuildings with Radiation
Forest ResourcesForest Resources
Hazardous Materials Hazardous Materials Treatment FacilityTreatment Facility
Life SciencesLife Sciences
Poultry SciencesPoultry Sciences
Marine SciencesMarine Sciences
Miller Plant SciencesMiller Plant Sciences
PharmacyPharmacy
Poultry Disease Research Poultry Disease Research CenterCenter
PsychologyPsychology
Riverbend North Research Riverbend North Research Laboratories Laboratories
Veterinary MedicineVeterinary Medicine
AGTEC
Animal Science ComplexAnimal Science ComplexBarrow HallBarrow HallBiological SciencesBiological SciencesBoyd GradBoyd GradCenter for Applied Isotopes Center for Applied Isotopes StudiesStudiesComplex Carbohydrate Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterResearch CenterChemistryChemistryDawson HallDawson HallDriftmier Engineering CenterDriftmier Engineering CenterEcologyEcologyEnvironmental Health Environmental Health SciencesSciencesEnvironmental Safety Environmental Safety DivisionDivisionCoverdell
Main Campus SourcesMain Campus SourcesDispersible Radioisotopes used for ResearchDispersible Radioisotopes used for Research
Liquids, solids and powdersLiquids, solids and powders
Dispersible Radioisotopes used for Biological and Environmental Research are the Most Common Formsof Radioactive Materials at the University of Georgia
Sum of Isotopes received in 2012
Other Main Campus SourcesOther Main Campus SourcesCesium-137Used for Meter Calibrations
Button Source
Cabinet X-Ray Machine
Rod Source
LSC Stds(mixed)
LSCInstruments
StaticEliminators
GCECDs
IrradiatorsGC ECDs
Veterinary Teaching Hospital Veterinary Teaching Hospital SourcesSources
Small Animal X-RayNuclear Medicine Radiology Fluoroscopy
C-ArmLarge Animal X-Ray
Veterinary Teaching HospitalVeterinary Teaching Hospital
UGA Rad Waste FacilitiesUGA Rad Waste Facilities
Dry Active Waste Dry Active Waste Storage and Decay BuildingStorage and Decay Building
Liquid Rad WasteLiquid Rad WasteStorage and Decay BuildingStorage and Decay Building
Rad LabRad Lab
Landfill (closed)Landfill (closed)
Riverbend NorthLab 120542-7628
Rule .03(6)
Leak testing of sealed sources
in your lab
Sealed SourcesSealed Sources
Every 6 Months!!!
Radioactive WasteRadioactive Waste
• .03(12) deal with proper methods to dispose of waste• Solid waste• Sewer discharge• Liquid Waste• Sealed Sources
• UGA has detailed and specific instructions for users generating radioactive waste
• Waste Minimization !!!!
Radioactive Materials SecurityRadioactive Materials Security
• .03(10) lists SECURITY requirements
• Recent incidents in this country and other states have prompted the NRC to increase security requirements
• All sources of radiation must be secured against All sources of radiation must be secured against theft or use by unauthorized individuals -theft or use by unauthorized individuals - CHECK SECURITY IN YOUR LAB !!CHECK SECURITY IN YOUR LAB !!
Chapter 2Principles of Radiation Safety
Average Background DoseAverage Background Dosein U.S. is ~360 mrem.in U.S. is ~360 mrem.
In Georgia it is ~ 377.2 mremIn Georgia it is ~ 377.2 mrem
Cosmic & External Cosmic & External Terrestrial Terrestrial 72 mrem/yr72 mrem/yr
Internal Internal TerrestrialTerrestrial40 mrem/yr40 mrem/yr
Radon in homeRadon in home200 mrem/yr200 mrem/yr
Fallout, Products, Air Travel, Nuclear operations; 12.2 mrem/yrFallout, Products, Air Travel, Nuclear operations; 12.2 mrem/yr
Nuclear MedicineNuclear Medicine14 mrem/yr14 mrem/yr
Diagnostic X-rayDiagnostic X-ray39 mrem/yr39 mrem/yr
Health Effects of RadiationHealth Effects of Radiation
Acute Exposure Effects Radiation in large doses in a short time causes observable damage
….observable at >25 Rem
Chronic Exposure Effects The effects from radiation exposure decrease as the dose rate is lowered.
Spreading the dose over a longer period reduces the effects. Much of the controversy over radiation exposure centers on the question of
how much damage is done by radiation delivered at low doses or low dose rates.
Ionizing Radiation can directly and indirectly damage DNA
RadiationRadiation
DNADNADoubleDoubleHelixHelix
Dose Response ModelDose Response Model
0 50 100
Dose (rem)
Hea
lth
Eff
ect (
canc
er)
Atomic Bomb SurvivorsAtomic Bomb Survivors
Uranium MinersUranium Miners
Radium DialRadium DialPaintersPainters
12 3
4
MedicalMedicalPatientsPatients
KnownKnownEffectsEffects
Theo. Theo. DebatedDebatedEffectsEffects
1. Linear No Threshold Dose Curve2. Decreased Health Effects Theory3. Threshold Dose Theory4. Increased Health Effects Theory
The NRC and The State of GeorgiaFollow the Linear No Threshold Theory
Radiation Dose in PerspectiveRadiation Dose in Perspective• Health effects are seen only when dose exceeds
25 rem and at a high dose rate
• Occupational radiation doses are monitored and limited by law to 5 rem
• Based on the LNT model, a worker exposed to 1,000 millirem (one rem) per year for 30 years would lose about 30 days of life expectancy due to increased risk of cancer.
• For 95% of the Radiation Users at UGA, doses are too low to measure
A L A R AA L A R A
AA
LL
AA
RR
AA
As
Low
As
Reasonably
Achievable
PhilosophyPhilosophyRadiation doses are kept as low as possible
Stems from Linear-No-Threshold dose model
ALARA program required by Federal and State regulations
LNT Model
0 50
Keys to ALARAKeys to ALARA
TIME
DISTANCE
SHIELDING
Reduction of Exposure Reduction of Exposure TimeTime
Power and automated equipmentPower and automated equipmentLab design Lab design
allows easy access to the equipment and allows easy access to the equipment and componentscomponents
Practice your procedures 5 times with colored Practice your procedures 5 times with colored water.water.
This will allow you to work faster, will save your This will allow you to work faster, will save your lablab
money, and reduce the chance of having an money, and reduce the chance of having an accidentaccident.
TrainingTrainingshould include a full rehearsal of the procedures should include a full rehearsal of the procedures
outside of the radiation area to improve efficiency outside of the radiation area to improve efficiency and confidenceand confidence
Distance from the SourceDistance from the SourceBasic principle: Basic principle: Point Source without ShieldingPoint Source without Shielding
Inverse square law applies:Inverse square law applies:
DD22 = D = D1 1 (d(d1122/d/d22
22))
DD11 and D and D22 = dose rates at distances d = dose rates at distances d11 and d and d22
DD11, d, d11, 10 rem, 10 rem DD22, d, d22, 2.5 rem, 2.5 rem
Okay if the distance between the source and Okay if the distance between the source and point of interest is at least five (5) times the point of interest is at least five (5) times the greatest dimension of the sourcegreatest dimension of the source.
Control of DistanceControl of Distance
moving away from sourcesmoving away from sourcesremain near a source only when it is necessaryremain near a source only when it is necessary
Leave the radiation work area if you are not Leave the radiation work area if you are not needed for the procedureneeded for the procedure
remote operationremote operationmanipulating devices, remote handling toolsmanipulating devices, remote handling tools
Chapter 3Radiation Exposure Limits
Occupational Dose Limits for Occupational Dose Limits for Radiation WorkersRadiation Workers
Source of RadiationSource of Radiation
Whole Body Dose is not to exceedWhole Body Dose is not to exceed 5 rem/ yr5 rem/ yrInternal dose is added to WBDInternal dose is added to WBD
Occupational Exposure Limit Occupational Exposure Limit to the Extremitiesto the Extremities
The Dose Limit to theThe Dose Limit to theExtremities may not Extremities may not
exceedexceed 50 rem / yr50 rem / yr
Occupational Dose to the Occupational Dose to the Lens of the EyeLens of the Eye
Dose must not exceedDose must not exceed 15 rem/ yr15 rem/ yr
Occupational Dose Limit for Declared Occupational Dose Limit for Declared Pregnant Mothers and Occupational Pregnant Mothers and Occupational
MinorsMinors
DoseDose must not exceed must not exceed 0.5 rem0.5 rem or or 500 mrem500 mrem during the gestation period for declared pregnant during the gestation period for declared pregnant mothers. Occupational minors must not exceed mothers. Occupational minors must not exceed
this dose in a year long periodthis dose in a year long period
Radiation Effects for EmbryoRadiation Effects for EmbryoDeclaration of Pregnancy for Occupational MothersDeclaration of Pregnancy for Occupational Mothers
• Rapidly dividing Rapidly dividing and non-and non-specialized cells specialized cells are more are more sensitive to sensitive to radiationradiation
• Birth defects have Birth defects have been observedbeen observed
• Dose limit to Dose limit to embryo / fetus is embryo / fetus is 500 mrem500 mrem for the for the gestation periodgestation period
Annual Dose Limit to a General Annual Dose Limit to a General Member of the PopulationMember of the Population
Must not exceed Must not exceed 0.1 rem0.1 rem or or 100 mrem100 mrem
X-ray roomX-ray room
Chapter 4Facilities and Equipment
Requirements
FUME HOODSPrevent the inhalation of dispersible Radioactive materials -- dusts, mists,vapors, gasses, etc.
INTERLOCKSPhysical, mechanical, or electrical safetyFeatures built into machines to prevent the Operator from exposing themselves and othersTo radiation from the machine itself
Examples:X-ray machines Irradiators
Plan experimental procedures to take into account Plan experimental procedures to take into account time, distance, shielding and work on the ALARA time, distance, shielding and work on the ALARA
principle.principle.Fume HoodsFume Hoods
Seal EdgesSeal Edges
Plug SinkPlug Sink
• Shielding• Place material between the radiation and the user
• Examples• Lead• Plastic• Steel• Concrete
Lead BricksLead Bricks
ConcreteConcreteWallWall
PlasticPlastic
““Secondary Containment”Secondary Containment”
Must be able to contain all the liquidMust be able to contain all the liquidContainers with lids must be closed when not in Containers with lids must be closed when not in
useuse
Benchkote
Survey and change out Benchkote frequently
LABORATORY RAM
STORAGE
Recommended Survey Recommended Survey InstrumentInstrument
Ludlum model 3 instrument (Part No. 48-1605) with a 202-608 meter dial and extra cable
Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective EquipmentRequired for using RadioisotopesRequired for using Radioisotopes
• PPE is worn on the body
• Primary purpose is to provide a barrier to radioactive materials or radiation
Eye ProtectionEye Protection
Latex GlovesLatex Gloves
Lab CoatLab Coat
Full Length Dresses orPants ONLY
Complete Complete CoverageCoverageFeet and LegsFeet and Legs
- No Shorts- No Half Shorts- No Open-Toed Shoes- No Mini-Skirts
Protective Devices - SummaryProtective Devices - Summary
• Authorized User must provide• Find out what PPE and other devices are
available in your lab• Learn how to properly use all protective
devices from your AU or another Advanced Radiation Worker
Chapter 7Radiological Postings
Radiation Postings / LabelsRadiation Postings / Labels
• Rule .03 (11) specifies requirements for:• posting or labeling
• Rooms• Containers• Machines exemptions to above
StandardStandardRadiationRadiationSymbolSymbol
Laboratory Postings RequiredLaboratory Postings Required“Notice to Workers” and Emergency Contact Information should be posted at the
entrance to your lab
Georgia DNR Notice to WorkersGeorgia DNR Notice to Workers
Lab Emergency Phone NumbersLab Emergency Phone Numbers
Caution Sign and HazardsCaution Sign and Hazards
Radioactive Materials Radioactive Materials PostingPosting
RSO Emergency Phone NumbersRSO Emergency Phone Numbers
Door SignDoor Sign
Waste Containers Waste Containers (every 180 (every 180 oo))
Radioactive MaterialsRadioactive Materials Use HoodsUse Hoods
RAM Use and StorageRAM Use and Storage AreasAreas Any location that Any location that contains RAMcontains RAM
Standards, Solutions and Standards, Solutions and SourcesSources
Required posting when an area exceeds 5 mrem/hr.
or exceeds 100 mrem in 5 consecutive days
containers are included, but surveyed at 6 inches for dose rate
Reach your yearly whole body limit of 5 rem in ~1000 hours (42 days)
Required posting when an area exceeds 100 mrem/hr.
Area should be locked, have an interlock, or be guarded at all times.
Any High Rad Area existing for 30 days or more shall have a visible or audible warning.
Personnel accountability required at lock up
RSO requires ALARA pre-briefing and approved work plan before any work is allowed.
Reach your yearly whole body limit of 5 rem in ~50 hours (2.1 days)
Posted when decontamination of a large area is in progress.
Usually posted on a barricade
Authorized by RSO entry only
PPE is required for entry
Instructions accompany this posting.
Posted when airborne contamination fills a large contained area
Usually posted on a barricade
Authorized by RSO entry only
Respiration equipment and PPE is required for entry
Instructions accompany this posting.
Conspicuously posted in an area where an open x-ray beam is present
Usually applies to non- medical open beam x-ray equipment.
Emergency WarningsEmergency Warnings(Barricades)(Barricades)
• Temporary postings may be placed to warn of emergency procedures in progress
DO NOT CROSS MARKED DO NOT CROSS MARKED BARRIERS or ENTER BARRIERS or ENTER
POSTED AREASPOSTED AREAS
Follow Emergency Responder InstructionsFollow Emergency Responder Instructions
Read the Posting !!Read the Posting !!
• Radiation signs contain important information
• If you don’t know about the radiation or radioactive materials ASK !!ASK !!
• Be forewarned
Containers labeled with rad tape
RAD TAPERAD TAPE
Rad use area delineated with rad tape
Sinks used for sewer discharge shall be delineated using rad tape
It’s on the streets ...It’s on the streets ...
Transportation PlacardsAnd Labels
REPORTING RESPONSIBILITIES
Report What?Report What?• ANY EVENTANY EVENT, incident or
condition, real orreal or perceivedperceived, that may cause an excessive radiation dose to:
• YOURSELF• OTHER WORKERS• THE PUBLIC or the THE PUBLIC or the
EnvironmentEnvironment
Report to Whom?Report to Whom?
For For ANY immediate emergency!ANY immediate emergency!
IMMEDIATELYIMMEDIATELYCALLCALL
54(2-2200)54(2-2200)
for Radiation Concerns...for Radiation Concerns...
• Take all radiation safety concerns, no matter how inconsequential, to your Authorized User
• The matter should be discussed• Often radiation concerns may be understood with
additional instruction, training, or education
• If your AU does not satisfy your concerns, contact the Radiation Safety Officer
Rights / ResponsibilitiesRights / Responsibilities
• Not only do you have the RIGHT to report unsafe conditions,• protected under the Notice to Workers
• You have the RESPONSIBILITY to report these same conditions
• You have the rightright and the responsibilityresponsibility to have all radiation safety concerns addressed to your satisfaction even if you have to take them to the State or Federal authorities
CertificationCertification
• Make sure you have signed the Training Roster
• Read and Understand the Read and Understand the Radiation Safety Radiation Safety ProceduresProcedures
• Return the Mod 0 Cert, and the RWC to the RSO through Campus Mail.
• Forms required for Module 0 credit
Questions ???
Please Feel Free to Contact:
The Radiation Safety Office
Environmental Safety DivisionUniversity of Georgia240A Riverbend RoadAthens, Georgia 30602-8002
Radiation Safety Office
If you have any questions while reading the Radiation Safety Manual
542-5801